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The recent increase in the frequency of extreme weather events and declining soil biodiversity in global agricultural ecosystems make it crucial to assess the daily dynamics of soil communities in fields. To elucidate the daily dynamics of ground-dwelling invertebrate communities, their communities were monitored temporally using infrared camera traps in field farmland during and following an extremely high-temperature (EHT) event in summer 2022 in Ningbo City, China. Nine taxa and 1,147 individuals of the ground-dwelling invertebrate community were photographed in the 176,256 images. There were no significant differences in the taxonomic richness and abundance of the total ground-dwelling invertebrate communities during and following the EHT event. The abundance of ants was significantly decreased following the EHT event, whereas the abundance of other taxa was not. Significantly daily dynamics and obvious differences between each day in taxonomic richness, abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrate community, and abundance of each taxon were not observed during and following the EHT event. The results of this study showed that the daily dynamics of richness and abundance of the ground-dwelling invertebrate community and the abundance of each taxon were not significant during and following the EHT event. Overall, this study provides a useful monitoring method to observe the daily dynamics of ground-dwelling invertebrates in field farmlands and suggests that the daily dynamics of soil fauna communities should be further studied when assessing the effects of climate change on soil biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the the policy that, building a beautiful Sichuan and Tuojiang River green development economic belt has been launched, the Tuojiang River Basin has become one of the most important river basins in Sichuan. Building the Tuojiang River Basin as a pioneer area for green development is of vital significance. This paper selected five cities as the research objects, which are Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Neijiang, and Ziyang. Firstly, the paper analyzed the factors affecting the green development of the Tuojiang River Basin, and then combined the PSR model with the “economy-society-resources-nature” indicators to construct a green development indicator system suitable for the Tuojiang River Basin. After that, the entropy weight-grey relational analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to analyze the green development evaluation system. The results show that average green development levels of Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Neijiang and Ziyang are 0.7263, 0.8498, 0.4357, 0.6890 and 0.6856 respectively. Through the spatial analysis, the Moran’s I is 0.104, indicating a significant positive spatial correlation of green development in the Tuojiang River Basin. And the green development level of Ziyang belongs to the high-low agglomeration type. The rest of the areas are not significantly aggregated, and finally suggestions were proposed for improvement.

The reaction mechanism underpinning the operation of K–O2 batteries, particularly the O2 reactions at the positive electrode, is still not completely understood. In this work, by combining in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and density functional theory calculations, we report on a fundamental study of K–O2 electrochemistry at a model interface of Au electrode/DMSO electrolyte. The key products and intermediates (O2−, KO2 and K2O2) are identified and their dependency on the electrode potential is revealed. At high potentials, the first reduction intermediate of O2−* radical anions (* denotes the adsorbed state) can desorb from the Au electrode surface and combine with K+ cations in the electrolyte producing KO2via a solution-mediated pathway. At low potentials, O2 can be directly reduced to on the Au electrode surface, which can be further reduced to at extremely low potentials. The fact that K2O2 has only been detected in the very high overpotential regime indicates a lack of KO2 disproportionation reaction both on the Au electrode surface and in the electrolyte solution. This work addresses the fundamental mechanism and origin of the high reversibility of the aprotic K–O2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]