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Aphelopus prolatus Mita & Olmi, 2014 Fig. 17 Aphelopus prolatus Mita & Olmi, 2014: 91. Aphelopus prolatus ��� Olmi & Xu 2015: 27. Material examined CHINA ��� 1 ♀; Shandong, Shanghe County, 37��16���4��� N, 117��9���10��� E; 19���25 May 2018; Jia-He Yan leg.; MT3; SCAU 3040426 (SYSBM) ��� 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 26 May���1 Jun. 2018; MT4; SCAU 3011685 (SYSBM). Distribution Japan, Sweden (Olmi & Xu 2015), South Korea (Kim & Lee 2016), China (new record)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, ��degaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Mita T. & Olmi M. 2014. A taxonomic study of Aphelopus Dalman from Japan, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae). Esakia 54: 91 - 101.","Olmi M. & Xu Z. 2015. Dryinidae of the Eastern Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3996 (1): 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3996.1.1","Kim C. J. & Lee J. W. 2016. A taxonomical review of the genus Aphelopus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae) from South Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 32 (3): 159 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / ASED. 2016.32.3.002"]}

Aphelopus nivealis Mita & Olmi, 2014 Fig. 15 Aphelopus nivealis Mita & Olmi, 2014: 93. Aphelopus nivealis – Olmi & Xu 2015: 25. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Guangzhou University Town, secondary forest; 23°3′9″ N, 113°23′23″ E; 20 Jan.–17 Feb. 2019; Hua-Yan Chen leg.; MT; SCAU 3040508 (SYSBM) • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Shenzhen, Mt Tanglangshan; 22.570411639° N, 113.99317344° E; LSX498, 7–30 May 2020; Long-Long Chen leg.; MT-GD7; SCAU 3049357 (SYSBM). Distribution Japan (Honshu), China (Guangdong) (new record). Remarks Aphelopus nivealis Mita & Olmi, 2014 was originally described from the Eastern Palaearctic region (Honshu, Japan) (see Olmi & Xu 2015). In this species there are no notauli. One of the two specimens above (from Guangdong, 22.570411639° N, 113.99317344° E) matches completely with the description of A. nivealis, including the body colour and the absence of notauli (Fig. 15A–B). On the contrary, the other specimen (from Guangdong, 23°3′9″ N, 113°23′23″ E) is whiter and seems to have shallow traces of notauli reaching about 0.5 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 15C–D). The genetic distance between the two specimens is only 0.6%, suggesting that the variations are just intraspecific. These records indicate that A. nivealis is present both in the Eastern Palaearctic and the Oriental regions.

Aphelopus zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 730357C7-2449-42BE-99A6-6DBFFE97DC67 Figs 7, 8D Diagnosis Male with head black, except mandible testaceous; notauli complete (Fig. 7B) or almost complete (Fig. 7F), posteriorly separated; distivolsella in the form of a long straight rod (Fig. 8D); basivolsella long and narrow, with distal apex very widened (Fig. 8D). Etymology The species is named after the late Prof. Zaifu Xu (SCAU), a famous specialist of Chinese Dryinidae. Material examined Holotype CHINA ��� ♂; Yunnan, Dali, Yunlong County, Tianchi; 25.854158�� N, 99.239927�� E; 2933 m a.s.l., 14���28 Jun. 2020; You-Jing Gong leg.; MT; SCAU 3042343 (SYSBM). Paratypes CHINA ��� 1 ♂; Yunnan, Dali, Mt Cangshan; 25��41���16��� N, 100��8���33��� E; 25 May 2009; Jie Zeng leg.; SCAU 3040717 (SYSBM) ��� 1 ♂; Dali Dist., Mt Cangshan, 25.66723�� N, 100.14762�� E; 2300 m a.s.l.; 31 May 2020; MT; SCAU 3042339 (SYSBM). Description Male Fully winged (Fig. 7A); length 2.0 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown-black; mesosoma and metasoma black; fore and mid leg yellow, except club of femur brown; hind leg yellow, except part of coxa, club of femur and tibia brown. Antenna filiform, with setae about as long as breadth of antennomeres; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:5:5:6:6:7:7:7:7:10; length/breadth ratio of ninth antennomere: 7:2. Head (Fig. 7C���D) dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete, present only in anterior half of frons; POL = 5; OL = 3; OOL = 3; OPL = 2; TL = 3; greatest breadth of lateral ocelli about as long as OPL; occipital carina complete. Mesoscutum (Figs 7B, F) dull, granulate. Notauli complete (Fig. 7B) or nearly complete (Fig. 7F), posteriorly separated; minimum distance between notauli slightly shorter than POL (4:5). Mesoscutellum shiny, very slightly granulate. Mesopleuron and metapleuron shiny, unsculptured. Metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity with two longitudinal keels and median area shiny, unsculptured. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Distivolsella in form of long straight rod (Fig. 8D); basivolsella long and narrow, with two medial bristles and distal apex very widened (Fig. 8D); distal apex of aedeagus not tridentate (Fig. 8D). Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Female Unknown. Remarks The distivolsella in the form of a long straight rod indicates that the new species is different from all known Aphelopus species, except A. serratus Richards, 1939, from the Palaearctic region. However, in A. zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. the basivolsella has a widened apex (Fig. 8D), whereas in A. serratus it has a slender apex (Fig. 8F). Following the description of A. zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov., the key to males of Oriental Aphelopus published by Xu et al. (2013) should be modified by replacing couplet 1 as follows: 1. Distivolsella in the form of a long straight rod (Fig. 8D); basivolsella long and narrow, with distal apex very widened (Fig. 8D)..................................................... A. zaifui Olmi, Chen & Liu sp. nov. ��� Distivolsella and basivolsella with different shape (Fig. 8A���B)..................................................... 1��� 1���. Mesosoma and metasoma totally testaceous, except petiole black........... A. borneanus Olmi, 1984 ��� Mesosoma and metasoma partly or totally black or brown.............................................................. 2, Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, ��degaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Richards O. W. 1939. The British Bethylidae (s. l.) (Hymenoptera). The Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 89: 185 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1939. tb 00740. x","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Olmi M. 1984. A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 37: i - xii + 1 - 1913."]}

Aphelopus sabahnus Olmi, 1991 Fig. 18 Aphelopus sabahnus Olmi, 1991: 113. Aphelopus sabahnus – Xu et al. 2013: 35. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Guangzhou, University Town; 23°2′55″ N, 113°23′12″ E; 11–24 Nov. 2018; Hua-Yan Chen leg.; forest, MT; SCAU 3011690 (SYSBM). Distribution China, Malaysia (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Olmi M. 1991. Supplement to the revision of the world Dryinidae (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Frustula entomologica (N. S.) 12: 109 - 395.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Olmi M. 1984. A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 37: i - xii + 1 - 1913.","Mita T. & Olmi M. 2014. A taxonomic study of Aphelopus Dalman from Japan, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae). Esakia 54: 91 - 101."]}

Genus Aphelopus Dalman, 1823 See Xu et al. (2013) and Olmi & Xu (2015) for taxonomic details on the genus., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, ��degaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Dalman J. W. 1823. Analecta Entomologica. Typis Lindhianis, Stockholm [Holmiae], Sweden. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66069","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Olmi M. & Xu Z. 2015. Dryinidae of the Eastern Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3996 (1): 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3996.1.1"]}

Aphelopus wushensis Olmi, 2010 Fig. 20 Aphelopus wushensis Olmi, 2010: 12. Aphelopus wushensis – Xu et al. 2013: 40. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Guangzhou, SYSU, bamboo Garden; 23°3′9″ N, 113°23′23″ E; 23 Dec. 2018 – 20 Jan. 2019; Hua-Yan Chen leg.; MT; SCAU 3040509 (SYSBM) • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Bulangshan Village, Area D, near road; 21°44.745′ N, 100°26.07′ E; 1621 m a.s.l., 28 Jun–19 Jul. 2019; Li Ma leg.; MT; SCAU 3044042 (SYSBM). Distribution China, Philippines (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Olmi M. 2010. A contribution to the knowledge of Dryinidae from the Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australian regions (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Frustula entomologica (N. S.) 31: 11 - 34.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1"]}

Aphelopus spadiceus Xu & He, 1997 Figs 8E, 19 Aphelopus spadiceus Xu & He in Xu et al., 1997: 8. Aphelopus spadiceus – Xu et al. 2013: 36. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂; Yunnan, Lanping Dist., Mt Lasha; 26.324010° N, 99.275624° E; 2500 m a.s.l., 20–30 Jul. 2018; Jin-Ku Li leg.; farm land, MT; SCAU 3040510 (SYSBM). Distribution Brunei, China, Thailand (Olmi & Xu 2015), South Korea (Kim & Lee 2016)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Xu Z., He J. & Yao S. 1997. Descriptions of three new species of the genus Aphelopus Dalman from Mt. Fangjingshan, China. Zoological Research 18 (1): 7 - 11.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Olmi M. & Xu Z. 2015. Dryinidae of the Eastern Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3996 (1): 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3996.1.1","Kim C. J. & Lee J. W. 2016. A taxonomical review of the genus Aphelopus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae) from South Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 32 (3): 159 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / ASED. 2016.32.3.002"]}

Aphelopus penanganus Olmi, 1984 Fig. 16 Aphelopus penanganus Olmi, 1984: 68. Aphelopus penanganus – Xu et al. 2013: 33. — Barthélémy & Olmi 2019: 533. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Heilongjiang, Nenjiang County, Jianshan Farm; 48°46′55″ N, 125°19′53″ E; 15 Jun. 2015; MT; SCAU 3011639 (SYSBM). Distribution China (Fujian, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Ningxia, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Tamil Nadu), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Malaysia (Malaya, Sabah), Thailand (Chaiyaphum, Chiang Mai, Trang) (Xu et al. 2013; Barthélémy & Olmi 2019). Remarks The presence of A. penanganus in China, Heilongjiang Province, indicates that this species is present both in the Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Olmi M. 1984. A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 37: i - xii + 1 - 1913.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Barthelemy C. & Olmi M. 2019. Checklist of Dryinidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) from Hong Kong. Zootaxa 4615 (3): 529 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4615.3.7","Mita T. & Olmi M. 2014. A taxonomic study of Aphelopus Dalman from Japan, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae). Esakia 54: 91 - 101."]}

Aphelopus niger Xu & He, 1999 Fig. 14 Aphelopus niger Xu & He, 1999: 2. Aphelopus niger – Xu et al. 2013: 30. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Guangzhou SYSU, bamboo garden; 23°3′9″ N, 113°23′23″ E; 23 Dec. 2018 – 20 Jan. 2019; Hua-Yan Chen leg.; MT; SCAU 3040438 (SYSBM). Distribution China (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1"]}

Aphelopus mangshanensis Xu, Olmi, Guglielmino & Chen, 2011 Fig. 13 Aphelopus mangshanensis Xu, Olmi, Guglielmino & Chen, 2011: 243. Aphelopus mangshanensis – Xu et al. 2013: 27. Material examined CHINA • 1♂; Yunnan, Xianggelila, Gaoshan Botanical Garden; 27°53′47″ N, 99°38′22″ E; 30 May–5 Aug. 2018; Jie Zeng leg.; MT; SCAU 3011672 (SYSBM). Distribution China (Xu et al. 2013).

Aphelopus atratus (Dalman, 1823) Dryinus (Aphelopus) atratus Dalman, 1823: 15. Aphelopus atratus (Dalman) ��� Olmi & Xu 2015: 14. Material examined NORWAY ��� 1 ♀; Vestfold, Stokke, Melsomvik; 59��218��� N, 10��346��� E; A. Staverl��kk leg.; NTNU. Distribution Widely spread across all of the Palaearctic region, from Europe to Russian Far East, South Korea and Japan (Olmi & Xu 2015; Kim & Lee 2016). Probably present in northeastern China, but not found so far., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, ��degaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Dalman J. W. 1823. Analecta Entomologica. Typis Lindhianis, Stockholm [Holmiae], Sweden. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66069","Olmi M. & Xu Z. 2015. Dryinidae of the Eastern Palaearctic region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3996 (1): 1 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3996.1.1","Kim C. J. & Lee J. W. 2016. A taxonomical review of the genus Aphelopus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae) from South Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 32 (3): 159 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / ASED. 2016.32.3.002"]}

Aphelopus taianensis Olmi, Ødegaard & Chen sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 407CE45D-7B8C-426C-9145-A2A45E9BE81C Figs 6, 8C Diagnosis Male with head black, except mandible testaceous; mesosoma black; notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.5× length of mesoscutum; aedeagus distally not tridentate (Fig. 8C); basivolsella very narrow (Fig. 8C), without distal outer process, with two subdistal bristles and one lateral outer pointed apophysis; distivolsella not in the form of a long straight rod. Etymology The new species is named after Taian City, where it has been collected. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Shandong, Taian; 36°12′ N, 117°5′ E; 20 Jul. 2015; Qing-Tao Gong leg.; apple orchard; MT; SCAU 3011647 (SYSBM). Description Male (Figs 6, 8C) Fully winged; length 1.8 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown, except scape and pedicel testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs yellow. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 3:4:3:4:5:5.5:5:6:6:10. Head dull, granulated; frontal line incomplete, absent shortly in front of anterior ocellus; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 3; OPL = 1.5; TL = 2; greatest breadth of lateral ocellus about as long as TL. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum dull, granulated. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.5 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 6C). Metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal complex dull, reticulate rugose, with two complete longitudinal keels on posterior surface; posterior surface with median area unsculptured and lateral areas rugose. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Basivolsella (Fig. 8C) very narrow, without distal outer process, with one lateral outer pointed apophysis and two subdistal bristles situated on top of each other. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Female Unknown. Remarks From the above diagnosis, A. taianensis Olmi, Ødegaard & Chen sp. nov. is close to A. nepalensis Olmi, 1984. However, in the new species, the basivolsella (Fig. 8C) is very narrow and with one lateral pointed apophysis (very wide and without lateral pointed apophysis in A. nepalensis (Olmi & Xu 2015: pl. 4k). Following the description of A. taianensis Olmi, Ødegaard & Chen sp. nov., the key to males of Oriental Aphelopus published by Olmi & Xu (2015) should be modified by replacing couplet 15 as follows: 15. Notauli reaching approximately 0.65 × length of mesoscutum............... A. nigriceps Kieffer, 1905 – Notauli reaching approximately 0.5 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 6C)...................................... 15’ 15’. Basivolsella very wide, without lateral pointed apophysis, with two subdistal bristles situated on either side of each other (Olmi & Xu 2015: pl. 4k).................................. A. nepalensis Olmi, 1984 – Basivolsella very narrow, with one lateral pointed apophysis and two subdistal bristles situated on top of each other (Fig. 8C)....................................... A. taianensis Olmi, Ødegaard & Chen sp. nov.

Aphelopus malayanus Olmi, 1984 Fig. 12 Aphelopus malayanus Olmi, 1984: 66. Aphelopus malayanus – Xu et al. 2013: 26. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Guangzhou University Town; 23°2′925″ N, 113°21′25″ E; 20 Jan.–17 Feb. 2019; Hua-Yan Chen leg.; wetland; MT; SCAU 3040507 (SYSBM). Distribution Brunei, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand (Xu et al. 2013), South Korea (Kim & Lee 2016)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Olmi M. 1984. A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 37: i - xii + 1 - 1913.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Bergman B. H. H. 1957. A new dryinid parasite of leafhoppers in Java. Entomologische Berichten 17: 9 - 12.","Kim C. J. & Lee J. W. 2016. A taxonomical review of the genus Aphelopus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Aphelopinae) from South Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 32 (3): 159 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / ASED. 2016.32.3.002"]}

Aphelopus albiclypeus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999 Fig. 9 Aphelopus albiclypeus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999: 90. Aphelopus albiclypeus – Xu et al. 2013: 17. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂; Yunnan, Maguan Town, Bazhai County, near dam; 23.021373° N, 104.06459° E; 1749 m a.s.l.; Jun. 2017; Li Ma leg.; forest; MT; SCAU 3011737 (SYSBM). Distribution China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Xu Z., He J. & Olmi M. 1999. Five new species of Aphelopus Dalman from China (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Oriental Insects 33: 85 - 94.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1"]}

Aphelopus incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A917F029-3AF2-451F-9B6B-CC215432441C Figs 3–4, 8A Diagnosis Female with head mostly testaceous, mesosoma mostly brown, notauli reaching about 0.6 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 4D); OPL longer than OOL (Fig. 4C); frontal line incomplete, absent in front of anterior ocellus. Male with head black, antennal setae much shorter than breadth of antennomeres, mesosoma black, notauli reaching about 0.75–0.80 × length of mesoscutum, fore wing hyaline, metasoma browntestaceous, basivolsella with outer process and two subdistal bristles (Fig. 8A). Etymology The species is named ' incognitus ’ (Latin adjective meaning 'unknown’) because it was first recognized as a new species by COI sequences. Otherwise it would remain unnoticed, because morphologically it is extremely similar to closely related species such as A. maculiclypeus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999 and A. spadiceus Xu & He, 1997. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan, Shangri-la, Gaoshan Botanical Garden; 27°53′47″ N, 99°38′22″ E; 30 May–5 Aug. 2018; Jie Zeng leg.; MT; SCAU 3011673 (SYSBM). Paratypes CHINA • 2 ♀♀; Beijing, Haidian District, Xiangshan Park; 195 m a.s.l.; 39.98683° N, 116.19096° E; 21–28 Aug. 2012; Li-Zhou Song and Wan-Guang Du leg.; MT; SCAU 3011794, SCAU 3040705 (SYSBM) • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 28 Aug.–4 Sep. 2012; SCAU 3040691 (SYSBM). Description Male (Fig. 3) Fully winged (Fig. 3A–B); length 2.1 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma and legs brown-testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennal setae much shorter than breadth of antennomeres; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:4:5:6:6:7:6:7:7:9. Head (Fig. 3C) dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete, absent in front of anterior ocellus; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 4; OPL = 3; TL = 4; greatest breadth of lateral ocellus as long as OL; occipital carina complete, not excavated behind the ocellar triangle. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum dull, granulate. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.7 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 3D). Metanotum unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal complex with disc dull, reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity with two longitudinal keels, median area shiny, unsculptured and lateral areas rugose. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Basivolsella (Fig. 8A) with two subdistal bristles and outer medial process. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Female (Fig. 4) Fully winged (Fig. 4A–B); length 1.9 mm. Head (Fig. 4C) testaceous, except large brown spot on temple, vertex and posterior half of frons (with short testaceous arms along orbits); antenna brown, except scape and pedicel yellow; mesosoma dark brown, except propleuron and lateral regions of pronotum testaceous; metasoma brown-testaceous; legs testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:4:5:5:5:5:4:4:4:7. Head dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete, absent in front of anterior ocellus; POL = 5; OL = 4; OOL = 4; OPL = 5; TL = 3; greatest breadth of lateral ocellus shorter than OPL (2:5); occipital carina complete, not excavated behind ocellar triangle. Mesoscutum dull, granulate. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.6 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 4D). Mesoscutellum dull, slightly granulate. Metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Disc of metapectal-propodeal complex reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity with two longitudinal keels, median area shiny and unsculptured and lateral areas rugose. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Remarks The female and male association of the new species is supported by the COI sequences, which are 99.2% identical between both sexes. This new species has been collected both in the Oriental (Yunnan) and Eastern Palaearctic (Beijing) region. In the Oriental region, following the above diagnosis, the female of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. is close to that of A. ochreus Olmi, 1984. However, in the new species, the notauli reach about 0.6 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 4D); OPL is longer than OOL (Fig. 4C); the frontal line is incomplete, absent in front of the anterior ocellus (in A. ochreus, the notauli are complete or reaching about 0.75–0.80 × length of mesoscutum; OPL is shorter than OOL; the frontal line is complete). Following the description of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov., the key to females of Oriental Aphelopus published by Xu et al. (2013) should be modified by replacing couplet 4 as follows. 4. Notauli complete or reaching about 0.6–0.8 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 4D)............................ 4’ – Notauli reaching at most 0.5 × length of mesoscutum..................................................................... 5 4’. Notauli complete, or reaching about 0.75–0.80 × length of mesoscutum; OPL shorter than OOL; frontal line complete....................................................................................... A. ochreus Olmi, 1984 – Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.6 × length of mesoscutum (Fig. 4D); OPL longer than OOL (Fig. 4C); frontal line incomplete, absent in front of anterior ocellus............................................................................................................................. A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. In the same Oriental region, following the above diagnosis, the male of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. is close to that of A. maculiclypeus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999. However, in A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov., POL is less than twice as long as OPL (Fig. 3C) and OPL is about as long as greatest breadth of lateral ocellus (in A. maculiclypeus, POL twice as long as OPL and OPL about twice as long as greatest breadth of lateral ocellus). Following the description of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov., the key to males of Oriental Aphelopus published by Xu et al. (2013) should be modified by replacing couplet 29 as follows. 29. Antennal setae much shorter than breadth of antennomeres (Fig. 3A)......................................... 29’ – Antennal setae about as long as breadth of antennomeres............................................................. 30 29’. Head with POL twice as long as OPL; OPL about twice as long as greatest breadth of lateral ocellus................................................................................ A. maculiclypeus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999 – Head with POL less than twice as long as OPL (Fig. 3C); OPL about as long as greatest breadth of lateral ocellus..................................................... A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. In the Eastern Palaearctic region, following the above diagnosis, the female of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. is close to that of A. maetoi Olmi, 1995. However, in A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov., the frontal line (Fig. 3C) is incomplete, absent in front of anterior ocellus, whereas in A. maetoi it is complete. Following the description of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov., the key to females of Eastern Palaearctic Aphelopus published by Olmi & Xu (2015) should be modified by replacing couplet 8 as follows: 8. Head with almost entire face white or testaceous (Olmi & Xu 2015: pl. 5d)............................................................................................................................................................ A. querceus Olmi, 1984 – Head with anterior third or half of face white or testaceous (Fig. 4C)............................................ 8’ 8’. Frontal line complete....................................................................................... A. maetoi Olmi, 1995 – Frontal line incomplete, absent in front of anterior ocellus (Fig. 4C)............................................................................................................................. A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. In the same Eastern Palaearctic region, following the above diagnosis, the male of A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. is close to that of A. spadiceus Xu & He in Xu et al., 1997. However, in A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov., the basivolsella shows an outer process in medial position (Fig. 8A), whereas it is in distal position in A. spadiceus (Olmi & Xu 2015: pl. 5j). Following the description of A. incognitus, Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov. the key to males of Eastern Palaearctic Aphelopus published by Olmi & Xu (2015) should be modified by replacing couplet 9 as follows: 9. Frontal line complete.................................................................................... A. querceus Olmi, 1984 – Frontal line widely incomplete, not present near clypeus, or almost complete, not present in front of anterior ocellus (Fig. 3C)................................................................................................................. 9’ 9’. Basivolsella with outer basal process located in distal position (Fig. 8E)......................................................................................................................................................... A. spadiceus Xu & He, 1997 – Basivolsella with outer basal process located in medial position (Fig. 8A).................................................................................................................... A. incognitus Chen, Olmi & Guglielmino sp. nov.

Aphelopus albifacialis Xu & He, 1997 Fig. 10 Aphelopus albifacialis Xu & He in Xu et al., 1997: 7. Aphelopus albifacialis – Xu et al. 2013: 19. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Bulangshan Village, Area D, near road; 21°44.745′ N, 100°26.07′ E; 1621 m a.s.l., 20 Jun.–20 Jul. 2018; Li Ma leg.; MT; SCAU 3011667 (SYSBM) • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Shenzhen, Xianhu Botanical Garden; 22.580382° N, 114.172781° E; 31 Mar.–30 Apr. 2020; Long-Long Chen leg.; LSX447, MT-GD28; SCAU 3048845 (SYSBM). Distribution China (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Xu Z., He J. & Yao S. 1997. Descriptions of three new species of the genus Aphelopus Dalman from Mt. Fangjingshan, China. Zoological Research 18 (1): 7 - 11.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Xu Z., He J. & Olmi M. 1999. Five new species of Aphelopus Dalman from China (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Oriental Insects 33: 85 - 94."]}

Aphelopus zhaoi Xu, He & Olmi, 1998 Fig. 21 Aphelopus zhaoi Xu, He & Olmi, 1998: 22. Aphelopus zhaoi – Xu et al. 2013: 42. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Bulangshan Village, Area A, grass; 21°45.037′ N, 100°26.715′ E; 1683 m a.s.l.; 17 May–21 Jun. 2018; Li Ma leg.; MT; SCAU 3011659 (SYSBM). Distribution China (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Xu Z., He J. & Olmi M. 1998. New species of Dryinidae from China (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea). Phytophaga 8: 21 - 37.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Olmi M. 2010. A contribution to the knowledge of Dryinidae from the Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australian regions (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea). Frustula entomologica (N. S.) 31: 11 - 34."]}

Aphelopus maculiala Olmi, Chen & ��degaard sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F4CFEE19-3614-417C-B703-BB7F5D0762BB Figs 5, 8B Diagnosis Male with head and mesosoma black, notauli reaching about 0.7 �� length of mesoscutum (Fig. 5C), fore wing with one infuscate patch beneath pterostigma (Fig. 5F), metasoma black to dark brown, distivolsella not in the form of a long straight rod (Fig. 8B); basivolsella with distal apex not widened (Fig. 8B). Etymology The specific name is a composition of the Latin names ' macula ��� (= 'spot���) and ' ala ��� (= 'wing���). Material examined Holotype CHINA ��� ♂; Yunnan, Lanping Dist., Mt Lasha; 26.324161�� N, 99.256617�� E; 2700 m a.s.l.; 10���20 Jul. 2018; Jin-Ku Li leg.; boskage; MT; SCAU 3040513 (SYSBM). Paratype CHINA ��� 1 ♂; Yunnan, Tengchong, Jietou; 12 May 2009; Jie Zeng leg.; SCAU 3049744 (SYSBM). Description Male Fully winged (Fig. 5A���B); length 2.3 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brownblack; mesosoma black; metasoma black to dark brown; leg black to dark brown, except tarsus and fore tibia testaceous. Antenna filiform, with setae about as long as breadth of antennomeres; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:5:6:7:7:8:8:7:8:12; length/breadth ratio of ninth antennomere: 8:2. Head (Fig. 5D���E) dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete, shortly absent in front of anterior ocellus; POL = 7; OL = 3; OOL = 5; OPL = 2; TL = 4; greatest breadth of lateral ocellus about as long as OPL; occipital carina complete. Mesoscutum dull, granulate. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.7 �� length of mesoscutum (Fig. 5C). Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity with two longitudinal keels and median area shiny, unsculptured. Fore wing (Fig. 5F) hyaline, except a small infuscate patch beneath pterostigma. Basivolsella (Fig. 8B) with distal outer process and two subdistal bristles; distal apex of aedeagus not tridentate. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Female Unknown. Remarks According to Xu et al. (2013), the male of Aphelopus spadiceus usually has a hyaline fore wing, except a specimen from China (Yunnan, Tengchong, Jietou, 12.v.2009, Jie Zeng leg., 1 ♂, SCAU) showing a small infuscate patch beneath the pterostigma. The above specimen has been considered only a variety of A. spadiceus by Xu et al. (2013). However, a comparison between COI sequences of two males of A. spadiceus from China, 26.324161�� N, 99.256617�� E, one with a hyaline fore wing and the other with an infuscate patch (Fig. 5F), showed that the two specimens belong to two separate species. This result persuaded us to describe the specimen with an infuscate patch on the fore wing as a new species named A. maculiala Olmi, Chen & ��degaard sp. nov. (although the genitalia of the new species is similar to that of A. spadiceus). The fore wing of the new species shows a small infuscate patch, so that it is more similar to A. xanthopus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999, than to A. spadiceus. However, in A. maculiala Olmi, Chen & ��degaard sp. nov. the face is completely black (Fig. 5D), whereas in A. xanthopus it is whitish between the antennal toruli. Following the description of A. maculiala Olmi, Chen & ��degaard sp. nov., the key to males of the Oriental Aphelopus published by Xu et al. (2013) should be modified by replacing couplet 21 as follows: 20. Fore wing with one infuscate patch beneath pterostigma (Fig. 5A)............................................... 21 ��� Fore wing hyaline, without dark patches or bands......................................................................... 22 21. Face with area between antennal toruli whitish......................... A. xanthopus Xu, He & Olmi, 1999 ��� Face completely black (Fig. 5D).............................. A. maculiala Olmi, Chen & ��degaard sp. nov., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, ��degaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1","Xu Z., He J. & Olmi M. 1999. Five new species of Aphelopus Dalman from China (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). Oriental Insects 33: 85 - 94."]}

Aphelopus maculiceps Bergman, 1957 Fig. 11 Aphelopus maculiceps Bergman, 1957: 9. Aphelopus maculiceps – Xu et al. 2013: 23. Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Sichuan, Chengdu, Longquanyi District, Baihe Town, Changsong Village; 30°31′17″ N, 104°17′0″ E; 8 Oct. 2012; MT; SCAU 3011637 (SYSBM). Distribution China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam (Xu et al. 2013)., Published as part of Olmi, Massimo, Chen, Hua-Yan, Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Ødegaard, Frode, Vollaro, Massimo, Capradossi, Leonardo & Liu, Jing-Xian, 2022, DNA barcoding of Aphelopus Dalman (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from China, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 40-71 in European Journal of Taxonomy 794 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.794.1653, http://zenodo.org/record/6078154, {"references":["Bergman B. H. H. 1957. A new dryinid parasite of leafhoppers in Java. Entomologische Berichten 17: 9 - 12.","Xu Z., Olmi M. & He J. 2013. Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa 3614 (1): 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3614.1.1"]}