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To understand the effects of leaf physiological characteristics on yield during flowering process in oats, this experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021, using nine varieties with different sources, maturity, ear type, plant type, and number of spikelets as experimental materials, and variance analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods are used to analyze the relationship between the yield differences of different genotypes of oats and the physiological characteristics of leaves. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of different varieties. The grain yield of high-yield varieties and lower-product varieties was significantly higher by 73.61% to 4.78%. The contents of GA3, ZR, IAA, SPS, SS activities, net photosynthetic rate, the overall level of leaf sucrose content, dry matter accumulation, and ear sucrose assimilation efficiency was better than those of low-yield varieties. Among them, the lower GA3 content, SPS activity, and net photosynthetic rate product varieties were significantly higher by 49.17% to 13.70%, 33.29% to 4.43%, and 87.88% to 5.72%. The results showed that the number of spikelets, the number of grains per spike, the content of gibberellin in leaves, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, and the net photosynthetic rate had the most significant effects on high-yielding varieties. These results indicated that increasing the number of bearing spikelets and the number of grains per ear can be used as a breakthrough to increase yield, appropriately opening the "source" and delaying leaf senescence to ensure the activity of enzymes and hormones, which had a positive impact on yield in oat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the synergistic effect of water and humic acid on the yield and quality improvement of oats, we set two water treatments of dry farming and limited irrigation, respectively, and analyzed the effects of humic acid spraying on photosynthetic characteristics of oat leaves, grain yield, and β-glucan content using the oat varieties Mengnong Dayan 1 and Neiyan 5 as the research materials. The results showed that the application of humic acid at the booting and flowering stages could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of oat leaves. Compared with irrigation, the photosynthetic rate of Mengnong Dayan 1 leaves increased by 31.78%-123.72% in dry farming, while the increased rate of Neiyan 5 leaves was basically the same as that in dry farming and irrigation. The grain yield and β-glucan content of the two varieties were significantly increased by spraying humic acid in dry farming, especially Neiyan 5, which increased by 5.60%-74.68% and 11.24%-19.56%, respectively. Compared with dry treatment, the content of β-glucan increased by 11.30%-33.29% and 7.76%-43.81%, respectively, when HA was sprayed under irrigation. Through the analysis of the correlation between the indexes, the photosynthetic rate, β-glucan content, spike height, spikelet number per spike, grain weight per plant, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were significantly positive correlation of Mengnong Dayan 1, the grain yield, spike height, spikelet number per spike, grain weight per plant, and thousand-grain weight were significantly positive correlation, and there was a significant positive correlation between β-glucan content, spikelet number per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield (P < 0.05). While there was a positive correlation between β-glucan content and grain yield components of Neiyan 5, but it did not reach a significant level. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of water and humic acid can effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of oat leaves, and synergistically increase grain yield and β-glucan content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copper-catalyzed radical difluoroalkylation of arylacetylenes with bromodifluoroamides has been developed. The reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance and allows access to a variety of substituted α-alkynyl-α,α-difluoroacetamides in moderate to good yields. The potential for scale-up reaction and products derivatization also makes this method attractive for practical applications. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical reaction pathway might be involved in the catalytic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient copper-catalyzed addition of arylboronic esters to (Boc)2 O was developed. The reaction can be conducted under exceedingly mild conditions and is compatible with a variety of synthetically relevant functional groups. It therefore represents a useful alternative route for the synthesis of methyl arylcarboxylates. A preliminary mechanistic study indicated the involvement of an addition–elimination mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective A case of secondary gliosarcoma transformed from lower grade glioma was analyzed. The clinicopathological features, molecular pathological features and prognosis of secondary gliosarcoma were discussed with relevant literatures. Methods and Results A 42-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital. CT showed occupying lesion in left frontal lobe. The first surgery was performed and the initial pathological diagnosis was oligodendroglioma (WHO II grade). Nineteen months after the first surgery, the tumor recurred, and the second surgery and chemotherapy were performed. The post-operative pathological diagnosis was glioblastoma (WHO IV grade). Twenty-two months after the second surgery, the tumor recurred again. Then the third surgery was performed and the pathological diagnosis was gliosarcoma (WHO IV grade). Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given after operation. The patient died 14 months after the third surgery. Conclusions According to the 2016 WHO classification, gliosarcoma, classified as a subtype of glioblastoma, was a WHO grade IV tumor. As of now, the treatment paradigms for gliosarcoma were similar to that of gliosarcoma, including maximal safe resection, post - operative radiotherapy and concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. IDH1 mutation and MGMT promoter methylation had certain predictive value for the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]