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Metal halide perovskites with suitable energy band structures and excellent visible-light responses have emerged as promising photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to valuable chemicals and fuels. However, the efficiency of CO2 photocatalytic reduction often suffers from inefficient separation and sluggish transfer. Herein, a step-scheme (S-scheme) CsPbBr3/BiOBr photocatalyst with oxygen vacancies possessing intimate interfacial contact was fabricated by anchoring CsPbBr3 QDs on BiOBr-Ov nanosheets using a mild anti-precipitation method. The results showed that CsPbBr3/BiOBr-Ov-2 with an internal electric field (IEF) heterojunction exhibited a boosted evolution rate of 27.4 μmol g−1 h−1 (CO: 23.8 μmol g−1 h−1 and CH4: 3.6 μmol g−1 h−1) with an electron consumption rate (Relectron) of 76.4 μmol g−1 h−1, which was 5.9 and 3.2 times that of single CsPbBr3 and BiOBr-Ov, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that BiOBr with oxygen vacancies can effectively enhance the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules. More importantly, in situ infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) spectra show the transformation process of the surface species, while the femtosecond transient absorption spectrum (fs-TA) reveals the charge transfer kinetics of the CsPbBr3/BiOBr-Ov. Overall, this work provides some guidance for the rational design of S-scheme heterojunctions and vacancy-engineered photocatalysts, which are expected to have potential applications in the fields of photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering low‐cost electrocatalysts with desired features is vital to decrease the energy consumption but challenging for superior water splitting. Herein, we development a facile strategy by the addition of multivalence ruthenium (Ru) into the CoWO4/CC system. During the synthesis process, the most of Ru3+ ions were insinuated into the lattice of CoWO4, while the residual Ru3+ ions were reduced to metallic Ru and further attached to the interface between carbon cloth and CoWO4 sheets. The optimal Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC exhibited superior performance for the HER with an overpotential of 85 mV@10 mA cm−2, which was much better than most of reported electrocatalysts, regarding OER, a low overpotential of 240 mV@10 mA cm−2 was sufficient. In comparison to Ru2(0)−CoWO4/CC with the same Ru mass loading, multivalence Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC required a lower overpotential for OER and HER, respectively. The Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC couple showed excellent overall water splitting performance at a cell voltage of 1.48 V@10 mA cm−2 for used as both anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts. Results of the study showed that the electrocatalytic activity of Ru2(M)−CoWO4/CC was attributed to the in‐situ transformation of Ru/Co sites, the multivalent Ru ions and the synergistic effect of different metal species stimulated the intrinsic activity of CoWO4/CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligustilide, a natural phthalide mainly derived from chuanxiong rhizomes and Angelica Sinensis roots, possesses anti‐inflammatory activity, particularly in the context of the nervous system. However, its application is limited because of its unstable chemical properties. To overcome this limitation, ligusticum cycloprolactam (LIGc) was synthesized through structural modification of ligustilide. In this study, we combined network pharmacological methods with experimental verification to investigate the anti‐neuroinflammatory effects and mechanisms of ligustilide and LIGc. Based on our network pharmacology analysis, we identified four key targets of ligustilide involved in exerting an anti‐inflammatory effect, with the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signal pathway suggested as the main signalling pathway. To verify these results, we examined the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation‐related proteins, analysed the phosphorylation level of NF‐κB, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and inhibitor of κB kinase α and β (IKKα+β), and evaluated the effect of BV2 cell‐conditioned medium on HT22 cells in vitro. Our results, demonstrate for the first time that LIGc can downregulate the activation of the NF‐κB signal pathway in BV2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduce nerve injury in HT22 cells mediated by BV2 cells. These findings suggest that LIGc inhibits the neuroinflammatory response mediated by BV2 cells, providing strong scientific support for the development of anti‐inflammatory drugs based on natural ligustilide or its derivatives. However, there are some limitations to our current study. In the future, further experiments using in vivo models may provide additional evidence to support our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure and optical properties of Si‐doped β‐Ga2O3 with vacancy are studied using the generalized gradient approximation plus the Hubbard term. The results show that the most easily formed are doping systems, followed by the doped with vacancy systems, and the vacancy systems. The conductivity of β‐Ga2O3 is enhanced significantly after being doped with Si, but its absorptivity decreased. The defect levels generated by the vacancy system can enhance the light absorption capability, especially O vacancy system. The doped with vacancy system may improve the conductivity and absorptivity in the visible range of the β‐Ga2O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure and optical properties of Si‐doped β‐Ga2O3 with vacancy are studied using the generalized gradient approximation plus the Hubbard term. The results show that the most easily formed are doping systems, followed by the doped with vacancy systems, and the vacancy systems. The conductivity of β‐Ga2O3 is enhanced significantly after being doped with Si, but its absorptivity decreased. The defect levels generated by the vacancy system can enhance the light absorption capability, especially O vacancy system. The doped with vacancy system may improve the conductivity and absorptivity in the visible range of the β‐Ga2O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane trafficking process is significant for the complex and precise regulatory of the nervous system. Rab11, as a small GTPase of the Rab superfamily, controls endocytic vesicular trafficking to the cell surface after sorting in recycling endosome (RE), coordinating with its receptors to maintain neurological function. This article reviewed the literature of Rab11 in nervous system. Rab11-positive vesicles targeted transport growth-related molecules, such as integrins, protrudin, tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) A/B receptor and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) to membrane surface to promote the regeneration capacity of axon and dendrites and maintain synaptic plasticity. In addition, many studies have shown that the expression of Rab11 is decreased in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, which is highly correlated with the process of production, transport and clearance of disease-related pathological proteins. And overexpression or increased activity of Rab11 can greatly improve the defect of membrane trafficking and slow down the disease process. With increasing research efforts on Rab11-dependent membrane trafficking mechanisms, a potential target for nerve regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases will be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructuring is a promising approach to the problems of low diffusion coefficient of transition metal oxides anodes. Co3O4 nanofibers electrode materials were successfully synthesized by electrospinning followed by controlled pyrolysis. Electrode materials based on Co3O4 nanofibers applied as anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) show high discharge-charge specific capacity of 595 and 527 mA h g–1 at 0.5C, respectively. Further electrochemical investigation reveals that Co3O4 nanofibers exhibiting high specific capacity (300 mA h g−1 at 0.5C after 200 cycles), the capacity fading is only 11.8% after 200 cycles. Further electrochemical studies reveal that these excellent electrochemical properties should be attribute to the ordered ions diffusion pathway originated from the one-dimensional nanostructure and continuous fibrous network structure. These results revealed that the Co3O4 nanofibers are promising anode materials for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co3O4@nanofibers (NFs) and Co3O4@carbon NFs (CNFs) were synthesized by sol‐gel electrospinning followed by annealing in air and Ar atmosphere, respectively. Co3O4@NFs and Co3O4@CNFs deliver stable cyclic performance with Li storage capacity of 330 and 400mAh/g after 170 and 200 cycles, respectively. Co3O4@CNFs deliver higher Li storage capacity more than Co3O4@NFs at each current densities in rate performance. More importantly, Co3O4@CNFs demonstrated relatively smaller internal resistance result from the comparison of electrochemical independence spectrum. Further morphology observation of the cycled electrodes indicates that the one‐dimensioncal nanostrucutre of the Co3O4@CNFs is still maintaned after reacting with Li+, which is singnicicant to the electrochemical cyclic performance. This study indicates the internal resistance can be decreased by increasing electronical conductivity through electrospinning carbon coating layer, resulting in an enhanced energy storage performance. Co3O4@NFs and Co3O4@CNFs were synthesized by sol‐gel electrospinning and subsequently annealing in air and Ar atmosphere, respectively. The internal resistance of Co3O4@NFs can be decreased by increasing electronical conductivity through electrospinning carbon coating layer, resulting in an enhanced energy storage performance of Co3O4@CNFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The ions transport channel like network structure is build between active materials, due to its unique low dimensional properties. Microstructure indicates that the tiny LiFePO4 nanoparticles with average size of ≈7–9 nm embedded in the amorphous carbon matrix. When the LiFePO4‐CNFs is directly applied as flexible cathode electrode for lithium‐ion battery, which has high initial discharge capacity of 134 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C (1C = 170 mAh g−1) rate and stability cycling performance after 300 cycles. Further electrochemistry investigation reveals that the flexible one‐dimentional structure of CNFs enable it to release the mechanical deformation resulting from lithium ion insert and extract the electrodes, which resulted in a superior diffusion coefficient of lithium ions up to 2.4 × 10−12 cm2 s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]