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Background Cesarean has been suggested to decrease neonatal iron stores at birth. However, few studies have differentiated the effect induced by cesarean operation from that related to medical indications. Objectives We aimed to estimate the association of cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR), a subtype of cesarean without any medical indications, with a spectrum of indicators reflecting iron stores at birth. Methods This prospective cohort study involved 288 term singleton neonates born to women without any complications by CDMR or spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). Measured hematological iron-related indicators in cord blood included serum ferritin (SF), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), and hematocrit (Hct). Blood flow volume (BFV) of cord vein when clamping was measured to reflect placental transfusion status during birth. Quantile regression was used to assess the association between delivery mode and the iron store indicators. Results CDMR (n = 154) versus SVD group (n = 134) had lower conditional median cord blood SF (-34.80; 95% CI -64.70, -4.90 [mu]g/L; P = 0.02), Hb (-10.67; 95% CI -18.87, -2.47 g/L; P = 0.01), RBC (-0.30; 95% CI -0.48, -0.12 ×10.sup.12/L; P = 0.002), and Hct (-3.06; 95% CI -6.08, -0.04 %; P = 0.047). The BFV was higher in CDMR than SVD group at the 25th centile (0.51; 95% CI 0.19, 0.82 ml/cm.sup.3; P = 0.002), median (0.49; 95% CI 0.04, 0.95 ml/cm.sup.3; P = 0.03) and the 75th centile (0.54; 95% CI 0.06, 1.03 ml/cm.sup.3; P = 0.03). Conclusions The cesarean operation per se likely hampered placental transfusion from mother to neonate and decreased iron stores at birth., Author(s): Zijun Liao [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Yubo Zhou [sup.1] [sup.2] , Aiju Liu [sup.4] , Hongtian Li [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rachel L. Peters [sup.5] [sup.6] , Jianmeng Liu [sup.1] [...]

Background: Breastfeeding could improve a child's health early on, but its long-term effects on childhood behavioral and emotional development remain inconclusive. We aimed to estimate the associations of feeding practice with childhood behavioral and emotional development. Methods: In this population-based birth cohort study, data on feeding patterns for the first 6 mo of life, the duration of breastfeeding, and children's emotional and behavioral outcomes were prospectively collected from 2489 mother–child dyads. Feeding patterns for the first 6 mo included exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and non-exclusive breastfeeding (non-EBF, including mixed feeding or formula feeding), and the duration of breastfeeding (EBF or mixed feeding) was categorized into ≤6 mo, 7–12 mo, 13–18 mo, and >18 mo. Externalizing problems and internalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and operationalized according to recommended clinical cutoffs, corresponding to T scores ≥64. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of feeding practice with CBCL outcomes. Results: The median (interquartile range) age of children at the outcome measurement was 32.0 (17.0) mo. Compared with non-EBF for the first 6 mo, EBF was associated with a lower T score of internalizing problems [adjusted mean difference (aMD): −1.31; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −2.53, −0.10], and it was marginally associated with T scores of externalizing problems (aMD: −0.88; 95% CI: −1.92, 0.15). When dichotomized, EBF versus non-EBF was associated with a lower risk of externalizing problems (aOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.87), and it was marginally associated with internalizing problems (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.06). Regarding the duration of breastfeeding, breastfeeding for 13–18 mo versus ≤6 mo was associated with lower T scores of internalizing problems (aMD: −2.50; 95% CI: −4.43, −0.56) and externalizing problems (aMD: −2.75; 95% CI: −4.40, −1.10), and breastfeeding for >18 mo versus ≤6 mo was associated with lower T scores of externalizing problems (aMD: −1.88; 95% CI: −3.68, −0.08). When dichotomized, breastfeeding for periods of 7–12 mo, 13–18 mo, and >18 mo was associated with lower risks of externalizing problems [aOR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.92, 0.99), 0.94 (0.91, 0.98), 0.96 (0.92, 0.99), respectively]. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 mo and a longer duration of breastfeeding, exclusively or partially, are beneficial for childhood behavioral and emotional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Asia, axillary hyperhidrosis is a frequent problem for many people, and the consequent excessive sweating can seriously affect many aspects of daily life and even lead to mental disorders. Microwave therapy is a new, non‐invasive treatment method for axillary hyperhidrosis, whose energy and long‐term effectiveness still needs to be clinically validated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, histological changes, and psychological status of microwave devices in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. Method: We conducted a prospective self‐controlled study in a top‐tier Chinese hospital. After a 5/5 energy treatment session, a skin biopsy was taken to observe histological changes both before and after treatment. An iodine starch test was used to determine the sweating range. We evaluated symptoms of improved efficacy using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and assessed changes in life status with the DLQI. In the case of concurrent underarm odor, odor‐5, VAS, and Young‐Jin Park grading were used to assess odor relief. The effect of odor on psychology was assessed by using a psychological status symptom checklist (scl‐90). The study period was 1 year. Results: We observed 20 patients in this study. Of those, 90% met the primary treatment endpoint of a decrease in axillary hyperhidrosis symptomatology to below grade 2 on the HDSS score (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001). 70% of patients achieved a treatment endpoint of at least 50% reduction in odor‐5 (p < 0.001). The iodine starch test showed that the region decreased 99% from the baseline to 12 months after follow‐up had ended (p < 0.001). Eight patients volunteered to undergo histological examination; their average light density of immunohistochemistry decreased from 1.04 (0.4–2.11) to 0.07 (0.04–0.46; p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical positive number for sweat glands was initially 104 (59.75–132.5) but was 41.5 (29.75–62) after the procedure. None of the patients experienced any serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: The treatment demonstrated high effectiveness, safety, and short‐lived adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]