Search

In order to aovid peri-implantitis，Ti-ZnO nanocomposite coatings were prepared on the surface of pure Ti slices by reactive magnetron sputtering.The effects of nano-ZnO content on the microstructure and antibacterial performance of the coatings were studied by means of changing the splicing ratio of Ti target and ZnO target.The microstructure，roughness and wettability of the samples were characterized and measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，X-ray diffraction (XRD)，atomic force microscopy (AFM) and JC2000C1 interfacial tension tester.In addition，the release of Zn ions from the coatings was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)，the cytotoxicity of the coatings was tested by CCK-8 method，and the antibacterial performance of the coatings was evaluated by plate colony counting method.Results showed that when the ratio of Ti target to ZnO target was 95 ∶5，the nano-ZnO content in Ti-ZnO coating was the highest，the roughness and contact angle with liquid phase of the coating reached the maximum values of 0.547 nm and 101.25° respectively，the coating had no cytotoxicity and met the standards for biosafety materials，and the antibacterial performance of the coating was the best with an antibacterial rate up to 91.05%.

Endocrine‐resistant ER+HER2– breast cancer (BC) is particularly aggressive and leads to poor clinical outcomes. Effective therapeutic strategies against endocrine‐resistant BC remain elusive. Here, analysis of the RNA‐sequencing data from ER+HER2– BC patients receiving neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and spatial transcriptomics analysis both show the downregulation of innate immune signaling sensing cytosolic DNA, which primarily occurs in endocrine‐resistant BC cells, not immune cells. Indeed, compared with endocrine‐sensitive BC cells, the activity of sensing cytosolic DNA through the cGAS‐STING pathway is attenuated in endocrine‐resistant BC cells. Screening of kinase inhibitor library show that this effect is mainly mediated by hyperactivation of AKT1 kinase, which binds to kinase domain of TBK1, preventing the formation of a trimeric complex TBK1/STING/IRF3. Notably, inactivation of cGAS–STING signaling forms a positive feedback loop with hyperactivated AKT1 to promote endocrine resistance, which is physiologically important and clinically relevant in patients with ER+HER2– BC. Blocking the positive feedback loop using the combination of an AKT1 inhibitor with a STING agonist results in the engagement of innate and adaptive immune signaling and impairs the growth of endocrine‐resistant tumors in humanized mice models, providing a potential strategy for treating patients with endocrine‐resistant BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the molecular etiology of low sperm quality in patients with intractable spermatocystitis, spermatozoa samples from patients with persistent hematospermia undergoing transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy and healthy volunteers were utilized. Spermatozoa samples were collected from the seminal vesicles through transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy or by masturbation ejaculation. Sperm quality was analyzed by a WLJY-9000 color semen analysis system. Measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the seminal plasma was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Measurement of H2O2 in the seminal plasma was performed with a hydrogen peroxide kit. The protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and phosphorylated-Nrf2 (p-Nrf2) were measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays. Low sperm quality parameters and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and H2O2) in the seminal plasma were detected among the semen samples from the patients with persistent hematospermia. Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 were strongly expressed in the nucleus and periphery of human sperm cells, according to the results of the immunofluorescence assays. The protein levels of Nrf2 and p-Nrf2 were significantly lower in the spermatozoa samples from patients with persistent hematospermia than in those from healthy volunteers with normal sperm motility. The results suggested that Nrf2 signaling might play a role in the low sperm quality of patients with intractable spermatocystitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that transcription factor activating enhancer binding protein 4 (TFAP4) plays a vital role in multiple types of cancer; however, the TFAP4 expression profile is still unknown, as is its value within the human pan‐cancer analysis. The present study comprehensively analysed TFAP4 expression patterns from 33 types of malignancies, along with the significance of TFAP4 for prognosis prediction and cancer immunity. TFAP4 displayed inconsistent levels of gene expression across the diverse cancer cell lines, and displayed abnormal expression within most malignant tumours, which closely corresponded to overall survival. More importantly, the TFAP4 level was also significantly related to the degree of tumour infiltration. TFAP4 was correlated using gene markers in tumour‐infiltrating immune cells and immune scores. TFAP4 expression was correlated with tumour mutation burden and microsatellite instability in different cancer types, and enrichment analyses identified TFAP4‐associated terms and pathways. The present study comprehensively analysed the expression of TFAP4 across 33 distinct types of cancers, which revealed that TFAP4 may possibly play a vital role during cancer formation and development. TFAP4 is related to differing degrees of immune infiltration within cancers, which suggests the potential of TFAP4 as an immunotherapy target in cancers. Our study demonstrated that TFAP4 plays an important role in tumorigenesis as a prognostic biomarker, which highlights the possibility of developing new targeted treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bats may use echolocation for social communication (e.g. group cohesion and individual recognition) although it has evolved primarily for orientation and foraging. This idea has been tested by using bats living in permanent roosts (e.g. caves) in large colonies. Here, we investigated social signatures in echolocation calls of a leaf-roosting bat, Kerivoula furva, which forms a small-sized group (2–10 individuals), roosts in furled banana leaves and switches roosts almost every day following foliation, but nevertheless, its group membership is largely fixed. We hypothesised that echolocation calls of K. furva differ significantly between groups and/or individuals, so that individuals can effectively find roost members, despite frequently changing roosts. Social structural and call analyses supported this hypothesis. Discriminant function analysis provided correct classifications significantly better than random ones, with 34.8% vs. 25% and 26.5% vs. 6.25% for group and individual signatures, respectively. Taken together with previous studies, our results suggest the possibility that, irrespective of the roost type, echolocation calls of bats generally contain enough information to be potentially useful for social communication. Future studies are encouraged to accumulate individual call data for a standardized comparison of context-dependent call signatures and to better understand social communication of bats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]