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Automated test case generation technology aims to reduce test costs.Compared with manual test generation,it has higher test efficiency.Most existing testing tools treat all files in the software equally,but in fact,files with defects account for only a small part of the whole code.Therefore,if testers can detect files that are more prone to defects,they can greatly save testing resources.To solve the above problems,this paper designs a predictive guidance test tool AutoUnit,which is based on active learning.We first predict the defect files in the whole file pool to be detected.Next,we use the detection tool to detect the most “suspicious” files.Then we feed back the actual detection results to the prediction model and update the model to enter the next round of prediction.In addition,when the total number of defective files is unknown,AutoUnit can stop in time by setting diffe-rent target recall rates.It can predict the total number of defective files according to the tested files,calculate the current recall rate,judge whether to stop predict guidance and ensure testing efficiency.Experimental analysis shows that when the same number of defect files are tested,the shortest time and the longest time taken by AutoUnit is 70.9% and 80.7% of the current mainstream testing tools,respectively.When the total number of defective files is unknown and the target recall rate is set to 95%,compared with the latest version of Evosuite,AutoUnit only needs to check 29.7% of the source code files to achieve the same detection level,and its test time is only 34.6% of Evosuite,the cost of testing is greatly reduced.Experimental results show that the method effectively improves the efficiency of test.

In recent years, construction works near the operating metro tunnel in granite residual soil have been gradually increasing, and the impact of these construction works on the safety of shield tunnel should not be ignored. Finite element method is an effective method to evaluate the influence of adjacent construction on shield tunnel, but its reliability highly depends on the reasonable selection of soil constitutive model and parameters. In this paper, the current situation of parameter selection of hardening soil model for granite residual soil is firstly reviewed. Then a back-analysis method for determining the parameters of granite residual soil based on the self-boring pressuremeter test (SBPMT) is proposed. Finally, the obtained back-analysis parameters are applied to the engineering case of foundation pit excavated overpass existing shield tunnel for method verification, and more reasonable values of parameters of hardening soil model for granite residual soil are determined. The results show that the strength parameters of hardening soil model for granite residual soil can be determined by laboratory tests, and the stiffness parameters of E50ref, Eoedref and Eurref are the key parameters for the back-analysis. The ratio of E50ref: Eoedref: Eurref from 1:1:3 to 1:1:5 is suitable for engineering practice, and the value of E50ref ranges from 36 MPa to 43 MPa according to different ratios.

Precise and accurate determination of major components in alkali silicate glasses provides critical information concerning element distribution, petrogenesis and magmatic evolution. However, as one of the most important in situ microanalytical technologies, the application of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) was limited by the time-dependent loss of X-ray intensity of alkali ions (especially Na) during electron beam bombardment on alkali silicate glasses. In this study, an optimized analytical method was developed using a JEOL JXA 8100 EPMA, aiming to get a long enough incubation duration suitable for accurate analysis of major element mass fractions. The optimal analytical conditions were determined as follows: 15 kV accelerating voltage, 2 nA beam current, 20 μm beam diameter, 40 s peak counting time, Na and K analyzed with top priority, time-saving mode with no additional detector movement and no peak search functioned. The availability of this low beam current density condition (6.37 × 10−3 nA μm−2) to 24 anhydrous reference glasses, with their compositions covering the entire spectrum from the ultramafic to highly siliceous range, was verified by the good agreement of the EPMA measured data with their GeoReM preferred values. Similarly, the methodology presented here is also suitable for analysis of hydrous glasses with H2O contents up to approximately 9 wt%, accompanied by no obvious Na loss found and no complicated mathematical corrections needed, and therefore can be used for the estimation of H2O contents in H2O-rich (>1 wt%) geological glasses by the difference method. Despite its analytical accuracy and precision (>0.5 wt%) not better than those of SIMS and FTIR, EPMA can be used as a substitute technique for H2O determination with its main advantages of excellent spatial resolution (down to 5–10 μm) and analytical convenience, especially for small melt inclusions or tiny experimental quench products, and the case with no appropriate calibration standards or no reported extinction coefficients available for those compositions of interest. In daily application, our optimized method is low cost and easy to implement and can achieve comparable precision and detection limits with acceptable efficiency (∼4–5 min/point for ten major elements) relative to routine analysis conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lock-free algorithm for Linux packet buffer recycling on multi-core processor was proposed.Through making a model of Linux network packet forwarding, the principle of Linux packet buffer recycling was analyzed, and the main reason that the mechanism wasn’t extensible on multi-core processor was pointed out .It was that mutual exclusion and cache coherence operations consumed too much CPU clock tick.A new buffer recycling algorithm named MSRQ was designed and implemented.With the new algorithm, the parallel operations on the recycling queue were permitted without mutual exclusion on multi-core processor.And the new algorithm had better cache behavior than original recy-cling algorithm.The experiment result shows that the performance of Linux network packet forwarding with the new algorithm can be improved more than 67%.

Objective To evaluate the changes of pain and sensory function in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) treated by adriamycin interventional treatment, and to explore their correlation. Methods A total of 23 patients with ITN were treated by adriamycin interventional treatment guided via CT. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain before treatment and 1 d, 7 d, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months after treatment. Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) was used to measure cold sensation (CS), warm sensation (WS), cold pain (CP) and hot pain (HP) threshold value of chin at the affected side. Results Compared with before treatment, VAS scores decreased at 1 d, 7 d, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment (P = 0.000, for all). One month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment, CS (P = 0.003, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) and CP (P = 0.022, 0.000, 0.000, 0.013) decreased, while WS (P = 0.004, 0.002, 0.000, 0.000) and HP (P = 0.004, 0.002, 0.000, 0.000) increased. Pearson correlation analysis showed VAS scores were positively correlated with CS (r = 0.703, P = 0.000) and CP (r = 0.679, P = 0.002), and negatively correlated with WS (r = -0.782, P = 0.000) and HP (r = -0.726, P = 0.001) after adriamycin interventional treatment. Conclusions QST was confirmed as noninvasive, simple and objective measurement. It could be used to quantificationally analyze the damage of sensory nervous function and could be a valuable index in evaluating the curative effect of trigeminal nerve destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seamounts are an integral part of element recycling in global subduction zones. The published trace element and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data for basaltic lavas from three key segments (Central Lau Spreading Ridge (CLSR), Eastern Lau Spreading Ridge (ELSR), and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR)) of the Lau back-arc basin were compiled to evaluate the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to their magma genesis. Two geochemical transitions, separating three provinces with distinct geochemical characteristics independent of ridge segmentation, were identified based on abrupt geochemical shifts. The origin of the geochemical transitions was determined to be the result of drastic compositional changes of subduction components added into the mantle source, rather than the transition from Indian to Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle, or due to variable mantle fertilities. The most likely explanation for the drastic shifts in subduction input is the superimposition of Louisville materials on ‘normal’ subduction components consisting predominantly of aqueous fluids liberated from the down-going altered oceanic crust and minor pelagic sediment melts. Quantitative estimation reveals that Louisville materials contributed 0–74% and 21–83% of the Th budget, respectively, to CLSR and VFR lavas, but had no definite contribution to the lavas from the ELSR, which lies farthest away from the subducted Louisville seamount chain (LSC). The spatial association of the subducted LSC with the Louisville-affected segments suggests that the Louisville signature is regionally but not locally available in the Tonga subduction zone. Besides, the preferential melting of subducted old Cretaceous LSC crust instead of the old normal Pacific oceanic crust at similar depths implies that elevated temperature across the subduction interface or seamount erosion and rupture were required to trigger melting. A wider implication of this study, thus, is that seamount subduction may promote efficiency of element recycling in subduction zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the effects of applying different concentration (0,0.30,0.60, and 0.90 mg · kg-1) tetracycline on the soil enzyme activities and rape quality. The results showed that soil urease activity after applied 0.30,0.60, and 0.90 mg · kg-1 of tetracycline and soil sucrase activity after applied 0.90 mg · kg-1 of tetracycline were inhibited in the whole cultivating period, while the soil sucrase activity after applied 0.30 and 0.60 mg · kg-1 of tetracycline showed a trend of activation-inhibition-activation. Soil proteinase activity showed a trend of inhibition-activation, and the extent and duration of the inhibition and activation had significant positive correlations with tetracycline concentration (r=0.950**). Soil catalase activity showed activation first and turned to irregular then. The action duration of tetracycline on the activities of soil urease, catalase, sucrase and proteinase were 7 weeks,6-8 weeks,7 weeks, and 6-7 weeks, respectively. At harvest time, the soluble sugar contents in rape leaves after applying 0.30,0.60, and 0.90 mg · kg-1 of tetracycline decreased dramatically by 91.99%,87.92%,90.12%, while the soluble protein content increased by 26.47%,28.13%, and 23.22%, respectively, compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L. ) is a principal source of edible oil for human consumption and it feeds livestock as a by product with high energy and protein. However, oilseed plants often suffer from the invasion of various diseases, which could affect the yield and quality of the rapeseeds. Rape sclerotinia rot caused by the fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib. ) de Bary may severely affect the growth of oilseed rape. Therefore, searching non-invasive detection methods of detection plant disease at early stage is crucial for monitoring growing conditions of crops. Confocal Raman spectroscopy in the region of 500～2 000 cm(-1) coupled with chemometrics methods were employed to discriminate the rape sclerotinia disease at early stage on the oilseed rape leaves. A total of 60 samples(30 healthy plant leaves and 30 infected leaves) were used to acquire the Raman spectra and wavelet transform was applied to remove the fluorescence background. Regression coefficients of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were used to select the 8 characteristic peaks based on the whole Raman spectra. 983，1 001, 1 205, 1 521, 1 527, 1 658, 1 670 and 1 758 cm(-1) were employed to establish PLS-DA discriminate models and recognition accuracy was 100%. The results showed Raman spectra combined with chemometrics method is promising for detecting rape sclerotinia infection in the oilseed rape leaves at early stage. This study provided a theoretical reference for researching the interaction between the fungus and plants and early detecting of disease infection.

Objective: To fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds owning the similar physiological structure of ECM, and to observe its biodegradation behavior in vivo and in vitro., Methods: (1) The PVA nanofibrous scaffold and PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffold were fabricated by electrospinning technique, and then they were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor method. The morphology of both scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). (2) Biodegradation experiment in vitro: the samples of two scaffolds with size of 2 cm x 2 cm were placed into phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) fluid under 37.0 degrees C water for incubation, and then they were dried to observe morphologic changes under SEM on post incubation day (PID) 3, 7, and 14. (3) Biodegradation experiment in vivo: 48 Wistar rats were divided into PVA group and PVA/chitosan group according to the random number table, with 24 rats in each group. PVA or PVA/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold was implanted into subcutaneous tissue on both sides of back in rats of both groups, with 4 scaffolds in each rat. The scaffold samples were harvested to observe morphologic changes with HE staining on post operation day (POD) 3, 7, 14, and 28., Results: (1) After crosslinking, the surface of fibers in PVA and PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds were smooth, and the diameters of fibers were similar, ranging from 200 to 300 nm, with high porosity. (2) Biodegradation experiment in vitro showed that the morphologic changes in fiber was respectively swelling, dissolution, fusion in PVA nanofibrous scaffold on PID 3, 7, 14, and that in PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffold was respectively swelling, dissolution and fragmentation, and disappearance. (3) Biodegradation experiment in vivo showed that the morphologic changes in scaffold structure was respectively loosening, fuzziness of edges, degradation, and disappearance in PVA group and PVA/chitosan group on POD 3, 7, 14, 28., Conclusions: PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds can be prepared with electrospinning technique, and it has an appropriate biodegradation rate compatible with tissue reconstruction after crosslinking.

This paper studied the effects of applying different concentration (0, 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 mg x kg(-1)) tetracycline on the soil enzyme activities and rape quality. The results showed that soil urease activity after applied 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline and soil suerase activity after applied 0.90 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline were inhibited in the whole cultivating period, while the soil sucrase activity after applied 0.30 and 0.60 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline showed a trend of activation-inhibition-activation. Soil proteinase activity showed a trend of inhibition-activation, and the extent and duration of the inhibition and activation had significant positive correlations with tetracycline concentration (r = 0.950 * *). Soil catalase activity showed activation first and turned to irregular then. The action duration of tetracycline on the activities of soil urease, catalase, sucrase and proteinase were 7 weeks, 6-8 weeks, 7 weeks, and 6-7 weeks, respectively. At harvest time, the soluble sugar contents in rape leaves after applying 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline decreased dramatically by 91.99%, 87.92%, 90.12%, while the soluble protein content increased by 26.47%, 28.13%, and 23.22%, respectively, compared to the control.