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Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to determine the causal relationship between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and osteomyelitis (OM). We performed MR analysis using pooled data from different large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Instrumental variables were selected based on genome-wide significance, instrumental strength was assessed using F-values, and thresholds for the number of exposed phenotypes were further adjusted by Bonferroni correction. univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to assess causal effects and proportions mediated by T2D. IVW (inverse variance weighting) showed a significant genetic effect of osteomyelitis on the following: After correction by Bonferroni, univariable analyses showed that childhood body mass index (BMI) was not significantly associated with genetic susceptibility to OM [odds ratio (OR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02, 1.55; P = .030], not significantly associated with adulthood BMI (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.61; P = .034), significantly associated with waist circumference (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.51, 2.24; P < .001), and significantly associated with hip circumference (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.31, 1.76; P < .001). Meanwhile, multivariable analyses showed no significant effect of childhood BMI on OM (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.84, 1.62; P = .370), no significant effect of adulthood BMI on OM (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21, 0.84; P = .015), a significant association between waist circumference and OM (OR, 4.30; 95% CI, 1.89, 9.82; P = .001), T2D mediated 10% (95% CI, 0.02, 0.14), and no significant association between hip circumference and OM (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.54, 1.90; P = .968). Our study provides evidence for a genetically predicted causal relationship among obesity, T2D, and OM. We demonstrate that increased waist circumference is positively associated with an increased risk of OM and that T2D mediates this relationship. Clinicians should be more cautious in the perioperative management of osteomyelitis surgery in obese patients with T2D. In addition, waist circumference may be a more important criterion to emphasize and strictly control than other measures of obesity., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Pollution variation, source characteristics, and meteorological effects of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in PM 2.5 were analyzed in Xinxiang city, Henan Province. PM 2.5 samples and their chemical components were monitored online by using URG-9000 in four seasons:winter (January, 2022), spring (April, 2022), summer (July, 2022), and fall (October, 2022). The results showed that the TWSIIs had the same seasonal fluctuations as PM 2.5 . The average seasonal concentrations of WSIIs ranged from 19.62-72.15 μg·m -3 , accounting for more than 60% of PM 2.5 , demonstrating that WSIIs were the major components of PM 2.5 . The annual concentration value of NO 3 - /SO 4 2- was 2.11, which showed an increasing trend, suggesting predominantly mobile sources for secondary inorganic aerosols (SNA). Further, the molar concentration value [NH 4 + ]/[NO 3 - ] was 1.95, demonstrating that agriculture emissions were the dominant contributors to atmospheric nitrogen. Furthermore, the backward trajectory analysis showed that the concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were higher when the northeasterly wind prevailed and the wind speed was high. High values of SOR and NOR were correlated with low temperatures and high relative humidity ( T < 8℃, RH > 60%), demonstrating that more gaseous precursors were converted into sulfate and nitrate. At high temperatures ( T > 24℃), there was no apparent high NOR value like that for SOR, mainly due to the decomposition of NH 4 NO 3 at high temperatures. Finally, backward trajectories associated with the PMF-resolved results were used to explore the regional transport characteristics. The results illustrated that dust sources in the study areas were mainly influenced by air trajectories originating from the northwest regions, whereas secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and biomass sources contributed more to WSIIs when wind speed and altitude air masses were low in the area surrounding the observation site.

The photocatalytic production of syngas from CO 2 and water is an attractive and straightforward way for both solar energy storage and sustainable development. Here, we combined the hybrid shell of a bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF) Zn/Co-zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) and the hybrid photoactive center of Ni-doped CdS nanoparticles (Ni@CdS) to construct a new "2 + 2" photocatalysis system Ni@CdS⊂Zn/Co-ZIF through a facile self-assembly process, which exhibited a double-synergic effect for visible light harvesting and CO 2 conversion, leading to one of the highest photocatalytic syngas production rates and excellent recyclability. The H 2 /CO of syngas ratios can be readily adjusted by controlling the ratio of Zn/Co in the hybrid MOF shell.

This study analyzed the seasonal variation, sources, and source-specific health risks of PM 2.5 -bound metals in Xinxiang city, Henan province. A total of 112 daily PM 2.5 samples were collected over four consecutive seasons during 2019-2020. In total, 19 elements were identified using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The annual concentrations of PM 2.5 and 11 heavy metals were calculated to be (66.25±35.73) μg·m -3 and (1.32±0.84) μg·m -3 , respectively. Strong seasonal variations were observed in PM 2.5 concentrations and the concentrations of associated metal elements, with the lowest concentrations all occurring in summer. The highest concentrations of dust-related elements (e.g., Al, Ca, Fe, Mg,and Ti) were recorded in spring, differing significantly from other elements, which all exhibited the highest mass concentrations in winter. The results apportioned from positive matrix factorization (PMF) and potential source contribution function (PSCF) models showed that the major sources of PM 2.5 -bound elements were Ni-and Co-related emissions (5.8%), motor vehicles (13.7%), Cd-related emissions(5.1%), combustion emissions (18.2%), and dust (57.3%). Health risk models showed that there were no obvious non-carcinogenic risks associated with these metals, because their hazard quotient (HQ) values were all below 1. Lifetime carcinogenic risks of the five apportioned sources were all higher than the acceptable level (1×10 -6 ). Of these five sources, combustion emissions were the largest contributors to cancer risk (8.74×10 -6 , 36.9%) and non-cancer risk (0.60, 25.6%). This study suggests that control strategies to mitigate exposure risk in Xinxiang should emphasize reducing the sources of combustion emissions.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an ideal platform for the construction of highly active composite catalysts. However, loading metastable and/or multicomponent metal compounds into MOFs remains a synthetic bottleneck due to the great challenge of keeping the guest and matrix intact during the preparation of a composite. In this work, we develop a new impregnation reduction surface modification (IRSM) strategy to give a new composite catalyst CuCl@MIL-101(Cr), which is successfully postmodified by in situ construction of Cu II defects on the surface of loaded CuCl inside MOF pores, leading to the new composite material Cu II /Cu I @MIL-101(Cr). The new dual-component composite catalyst exhibits a hierarchical structure and superior catalytic activity in C-C homocoupling of arylboronic acids under green conditions. This study presents a facile strategy for improving the catalytic activity by constructing defects on the surface of MOF-based catalysts as well as for forming multiple-component composite materials.