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The concrete slurry waste (CSW) produced by concrete mixing plants is a type of hazardous waste that is difficult to handle. To better recycle the CSW separated from the aggregates, this study uses a variety of wet-grinding processes to refine the solid in it, replaces some of the cement with the solid particles in wet grinding concrete slurry waste (WCSW), and investigates the properties of WCSW and its effect on the hydration and hardening properties of cement. The results show that a suitable wet-grinding process can ensure that the particle size in WCSW is less than 10 μm, the particle morphology is more flat, and the degree of hydration is higher. The WCSW particles can promote early cement hydration; after adding WCSW, the heat release peak of cement hydration appears earlier and more early hydration products are produced, and with the increase in the substitution amount, the promoting effect on early cement hydration will be more significant. The WCSW particles have a great effect on improving the strength of mortar, especially in the early stage. At 1 d, when the substitution amount is 7.5 wt.%, the compressive and flexural strength is increased by 43.67% and 45.04%; this is related to the filling of matrix pores and the improvement of the interface transition zone by micro- and nanoparticles. After the wet grinding of CSW, fine WCSW particles are obtained, which can improve the performance of cement-based materials by replacing cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the consumer's pursuit of safe, nontoxic and nutritious foods, edible and/or biodegradable materials have stood out in food packaging and preservation. In this context, the preparation and application of micro/nano encapsulated active ingredients (M/N-E-BAIs) represent a step toward reinforcing the properties of sustainable and controllable food packaging, particularly for the successful incorporation of new substances and functionalities into traditional edible films/coatings. This review, from the preparation of M/N-E-BAIs, the fabrication of edible film/coating containing M/N-E-BAIs to their characterization of multifunction and the application in food, makes a systematic summary and in-depth discussion. Food-grade polymers can encapsulate bioactive ingredients (BAIs) by chemical, physicochemical and mechanical methods, thereby forming M/N-E-BAIs with suitable sustained-release and unique biological activities. Furthermore, M/N-E-BAIs is incorporated into biopolymer substrates by solvent casting, 3D printing or electrostatic spinning to obtain novel edible films/coatings. This advanced packaging material exhibits superior physicochemical and functional properties over traditional food films/coatings. Besides, their applications in foods as active and intelligent packaging can improve food quality, prolong shelf life and monitor food corruption. Even so, there are still many challenges and limitations in formulation, preparation and application of this new packaging technology that need to be addressed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, edible films have been increasingly explored to solve muscle food spoilage during storage, especially through the incorporation of plant extracts to develop edible packaging materials. Natural polymers matrices with plant extracts are befitting for fabricating edible films by casting methods. In the films system, the structure and physicochemical properties were strengthened via chemical interactions between active molecules in plant extracts and the reactive groups in the polymer chain. The antibacterial and antioxidant properties were dramatically reinforced through both physical and chemical actions of the plant extracts. Additionally, edible films imbedded with color-rich plant extracts could be considered as potential sensitive indicators to monitor the spoilage degree of muscle foods in response to change in gas or temperature. Furthermore, these films could increase sensory acceptability, improve quality and prolong the shelf life of muscle foods. In this article, the types, preparation methods and reinforcing properties of the edible films with plant extracts were discussed. Also, the applications of these films were summarized on quality maintenance and shelf-life extension and intelligent monitoring in muscle foods. Finally, a novel technology for film preparation achieving high-stability and sustained release of active compounds will become an underlying trend for application in muscle food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing low‐cost, efficient, and stable trifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is still a significant challenge. Herein, this study reports a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) derived trifunctional electrocatalyst, composed of Co5.47N and Co7Fe3 (CoFeN) that embedded into 1D N‐doped carbon nanotubes modified 3D cruciform carbon matrix (NCNTs//CCM). Benefiting from the robust interfacial conjugation of Co5.47N/Co7Fe3 and the 1D/3D hierarchical structure with a large surface area, the as‐prepared CoFeN‐NCNTs//CCM display trifunctional electrocatalytic activity for ORR (half‐wave potential of 0.84 V), OER (320 mV at 10 mA cm–2), and HER (−151 mV at 10 mA cm–2). The assembled Zn‐air battery exhibits high power density (145 mW cm–2), enhanced charge–discharge performance (voltage gap of 0.76 V at 10 mA cm–2), and long‐term cycling stability (over 445 h). The resultant overall water‐splitting cell achieves a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at 1.63 V, which can compete with the best reported trifunctional catalysts. What is more, the self‐assembled Zn‐air batteries are utilized to power the overall water splitting successfully, verifying great potential of the CoFeN‐NCNTs//CCM as functional material for sustainable energy storage and conversion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking different parts of Tan mutton in Ningxia as samples, the rheological properties of Tan mutton at 0, 2, 4, and 8 days were studied by rotational rheometer. The stress relaxation under static state and the dynamic oscillation rheological properties in flow state was examined. The dynamic storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity with angular frequency were measured. The microstructure of Tan sheep was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to elucidate the changes of surface microstructure of muscle fibers. The results showed that the Tan mutton was a non‐Newtonian fluid and exhibits pseudoplastic behavior. The apparent viscosity decreased with the increase of shear rate. The longissimus dorsi muscle was stored in 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The Ostwald‐de Waele model had a coefficient of fit of 0.9245, 0.986, 0.992, 0.986, and the Ostwald‐de Waele model of the hind legmuscles at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days had a coefficient of fit of 0.744, 0.911, 0.346, and 0.604. The model fitting effect of the long muscle was better than that of the hind leg muscle, which indicated that the flow effect of the longissimus dorsi muscle was better than that of the hind leg muscle during processing. Overall, the Ostwald de Waele model could better describe the flow properties of meat emulsions, which was better than the Herschel Bulkley model. Practical applications: In this study, we have demonstrated that rheological property of Tan mutton was changed with the extension of time. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of meat deep processing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The study investigated the feasibility of using a combination of near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR‐HSI) with two‐dimensional correlation (2DCOS) analysis for rapid and non‐destructive determination of the content of biogenic amines in mutton during refrigerated storage. Total contents of biogenic amines (TBA) were used as the perturbation. By analysing the synchronous and asynchronous two‐dimensional correlation spectra, sensitive variables that were closely related to TBA contents were obtained. The results showed that the wavelengths in the spectra range of 1002–1335 nm were the research area for the detection of TBA contents in mutton. The least‐squares support vector machines (LSSVM) model based on effective wavelengths selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) from 2DCOS analysis showed excellent results, with correlation coefficient in prediction (Rp) of 0.91, root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 1.67 mg kg−1 and the ratio of performance deviation (RPD) of 2.76. The research demonstrated that the combination of NIR‐HSI and 2DCOS could be used as an effective method for monitoring the content of biogenic amines in mutton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR‐HSI) with a spectral range of 900 to 1700 nm was for the first time used to predict the changes of sugar content in Lingwu jujube during storage. Monte Carlo method was adopted to detect outliers, and multiple scattering correction (MSC), standard normal variate transformation (SNV), and Baseline were used to optimize modeling. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA), and interval random frog (IRF) were used to select optimal wavelengths. In addition, partial least square regression (PLSR) and support vector machine (SVM) modeling based on optimal wavelengths were compared. The results showed that 30, 30, and 24 wavelengths were selected by CARS; 106, 87, and 112 feature wavelengths were selected by iVISSA; and 96, 71, and 83 optimal wavelengths were selected by IRF for sucrose, fructose, and glucose, respectively. The CARS–PLSR models provided the best results for fructose and glucose, and iVISSA–SVM model was better for sucrose. The results indicated that NIR–HSI model may be used as a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of sugar content in jujubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube fruit may rapidly undergo maturity and senescence during storage, seriously affecting its commercialization. The study aimed to evaluate the role of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) on energy and respiratory metabolism, and senescence in jujube fruit during cold storage. The results indicated that AEW improved ATP content and energy charge via increasing succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, H+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase activities and delayed jujube fruit senescence. The treatment was found to improve the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of NADPH, and reduce oxidative stress. Transcriptome analysis suggested that AEW regulated the expression of the genes associated with glycolysis, citrate cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, ROS metabolism, transcription factors, phenylpropane biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Therefore, we concluded that AEW may delay the senescence of postharvest jujube fruit by regulating expression of the relevant genes and metabolic pathways. • AEW treatment promoted energy charge by activating energy metabolism-related enzymes. • AEW reduced cellular peroxidation by regulating pyridine nucleotide homeostasis. • AEW was involved in the regulation of differentially expressed genes associated with senescence. • AEW delayed senescence and maintained good quality of jujube fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the correlation among serum biochemical indices, slaughter traits, texture characteristics and water-holding capacity in Tan sheep. Eighty Tan sheep aged 4–6 months were selected. Blood samples were collected from live animals to analyse serum biochemical indices. The slaughter traits, texture characteristics and water-holding capacity of meat were assessed after slaughter. There were highly significant correlations (p<.01) and high linear regression R values among serum biochemical indices, slaughter traits, meat texture characteristics and water-holding capacity in Tan sheep. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that the meat qualities of Tan mutton may be evaluated by the serum biochemical indices of live Tan sheep. This study was conducted to determine the correlation among serum biochemical indices, slaughter traits, texture characteristics and water-holding capacity in Tan sheep. This study has demonstrated that meat qualities of Tan mutton may be assessed by the serum biochemical indices of live Tan sheep. It is necessary to determine slaughter traits, meat texture characteristics and water-holding capacity of meat, which are major indicators for assessing meat and meat products by consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the ENVI 4.6 software was used to obtain the spectral reflection value of samples. The outlier samples were eliminated by the Monte Carlo method, and then SPXY (sample set partitioning based on be x–y distances) was used to divide the calibration set and prediction set. The spectral images were pretreated and characteristic wavelengths were extracted. The spectral models of full and pretreated spectra and characteristic bands were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principle component regression (PCR), and the optimal modeling combination was selected. The results showed that the modeling effect of the original spectrum was the best. In full‐PLSR model, the determination coefficient of the calibration set (Rc2), the determination coefficient of prediction set (Rp2), and the determination coefficient of interactive verification set (Rcv2) were 0.8804, 0.7375, and 0.7422, and root‐mean‐square error of calibration set (RMSEC), root‐mean‐square error of prediction (RMSEP), and root mean square error of interactive validation set (RMSECV) were 2.3630, 2.9607, and 3.4209, respectively. PLSR and PCR models were established to obtain the optimal models of CARS‐PLSR and PCR‐PLSR. In the CARS‐PLSR model, the Rc2, Rp2, and Rcv2 were 0.9135, 0.7654, and 0.8171, respectively, while RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV were 2.0275, 2.9306, and 2.9262, respectively. In the iRF‐PCR model, Rc2, Rp2, and Rcv2 were 0.7952, 0.7372, and 0.7280, respectively, while RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV were 3.0207, 2.8278, and 3.4288, respectively. This study has demonstrated that visible and near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging system can rapidly predict the content of metmyoglobin in cooked tan mutton. Practical Application: This study has demonstrated that visible and near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging system can rapidly predict the content of MetMb in cooked tan mutton. With the advantages of nondestructive, rapid, real‐time, Vis/NIR, hyperspectral imaging system can be widely expanded and applied to the detection of myoglobin in meat to evaluate the color of meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMuscle foods, valued for their significant nutrient content such as high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals, are vulnerable to adulteration and fraud, stemming from dishonest vendor practices and insufficient market oversight. Traditional analytical methods, often limited to laboratory-scale., may not effectively detect adulteration and fraud in complex applications. Raman spectroscopy (RS), encompassing techniques like Surface-enhanced RS (SERS), Dispersive RS (DRS), Fourier transform RS (FTRS), Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), and Spatially offset RS (SORS) combined with chemometrics, presents a potent approach for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of muscle food adulteration. This technology is characterized by its efficiency, rapidity, and noninvasive nature. This paper systematically summarizes and comparatively analyzes RS technology principles, emphasizing its practicality and efficacy in detecting muscle food adulteration and fraud when combined with chemometrics. The paper also discusses the existing challenges and future prospects in this field, providing essential insights for reviews and scientific research in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the meat industry, it is essential to monitor and identify meat freshness grades due to its impact on the safety of human diets. This study aimed to identify premium, sub-fresh, and spoiled lamb samples using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the range of 400–1000 nm coupled with chemometrics methods. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-CS) was utilized to select effective wavelengths for simplifying the model and increasing the calculation speed. The capabilities of the four models including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), back propagation neuron network (BP), decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) were compared to select the best identification model. The results showed that the RF model generated excellent performance, the accuracies of the training and test sets were 93% and 91%, respectively. In summary, this study showed that it was feasible to rapidly and non-destructively identify and evaluate the freshness grades of lamb using Vis-NIR. • Vis-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics were used to determine freshness grades of lamb. • Spectral preprocessing and wavelength selection were applied to optimize the models. • The 2D-CS-RF model provided fast recognition with 91% accuracy on the testing set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ordered ZnO arrays with a peculiar nanostructure were synthesized by a multistep synthesis process. The first step was the preparation of ZnO seed to induce the formation of ZnO array via potentiostatic electrodeposition method using a typical three electrode set-up. The second step was fabricating ZnO array along seed by Chemical Bath Deposition. Structural analysis of ZnO was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns indicated that nanocrystalline is a part of monocrystal. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study the microstructure, and showed a pagoda-like microstructure with a tiny top and large bottom, which had an average top diameter of exceeding 800nm at seed-depositing time of 60s, and then growth mechanisms are subsequently given a further explanation, viewed from kinetics and thermodynamics. In addition, the current-voltage curves of schottky diode devices with ZnO nanopagoda arrays revealed that ZnO films arrays along grown ZnO seed had a higher reverse saturation current than ZnO films grown without seed, which are A and A, respectively. The minimum turn-on voltage of the diode with ZnO seed deposited 60s is 0.18V, without seed is 0.52V. A peculiar nanostructure which is similar to hexagonal pagoda with a tiny top and large bottom was observed via seed-induced method. However, semi-ZnO/metal-Al Schottky diodes were assemble, and that structure exhibits a typical rectifying behavior, and obtained low turn-on voltages which represent current responses, 0.52 V, 0.40 V, 0.18 V, respectively. The as-grown ZnO nanopagoda along grown ZnO seed with the deposition time of 60 s exhibited a slightly higher reverse saturation current than the as-grown ZnO arrays without ZnO seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hyperspectral imaging system has been built for detecting external insect damage and acquiring reflectance images from jujubes in the near-infrared region of 900–1700 nm. Spectral information was extracted from each jujube, and six optimal wavelengths (987, 1028, 1160, 1231, 1285, and 1464 nm) were obtained using principal component analysis. The first principal component images (PC-1) using the selected six wavelengths were obtained for further image processing. The detection algorithm was then developed based on principal component analysis and two-band ratio (R1160/R1464) coupled with image subtraction algorithm (R1160-R1464). An identification accuracy of 93.1% for insect-infested jujubes and 100% classification rate for the intact ones were achieved. The results of this research demonstrated that it is feasible to discriminate insect-infested jujubes from intact jujubes using the near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of jujube stored at 1 ± 0.5°C for 40 days. Jujube was treated with AEW + MAP, AEW, and MAP, respectively, to identify an appropriate preservation method based on the changes of quality indicators, activities of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and cell membrane permeability. Results showed that the combined treatment maintained higher storage quality of jujube than the other three treatments. The combined treatment significantly suppressed softening, weight, and color loss and maintained total soluble solid and titratable acidity. Moreover, the combined treatment improved antioxidant capacity showing high levels of nonenzymatic antioxidant systems (ascorbic acid and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). These effects remarkably suppressed the increase of MDA level and cell membrane permeability, thereby inhibiting oxidative damage and alleviating quality deterioration. Furthermore, kinetic model indicated that AEW + MAP decreased rate constant of quality deterioration. Principal component analysis also showed that AEW + MAP treatment alleviated quality deterioration, with higher comprehensive score than other treatments. In summary, AEW + MAP was an effective preservation method to maintain storage quality and delay postharvest senescence of jujube. Practical Application: In this study, a combination of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been found to have effective preservation effects on jujube. AEW + MAP treatment improved quality of jujube during cold storage mainly by enhancing antioxidant capacity. The combined treatment may provide a new preservation technology for jujube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV–C), a no residual environmentally friendly physical treatment, plays an important role in delaying the senescence in fruit. In this study, 'Lingwu long' jujubes were treated with UV-C (5 kJ m−2) to investigate the impacts of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and phenylpropanoid metabolism under storage at 4 ± 1 °C for 30 d. UV-C treatment reduced respiration rate and decay index. Treated fruit exhibited lower polygalacturonase (PG), pectinate lyases (PL), cellulase (Cel), and β-galactosidase (β-gal) activities which ultimately delayed the reduction of firmness. UV-C treatment increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), free radical scavenging ability, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, reduced superoxide anion (O 2 −) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities were activated by UV-C treatment, leading to glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) increased. Besides, phenolic compounds of jujube fruit treated with UV-C were also increased, which might be due to the enhanced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) activities. In conclusion, UV-C was recommended for improving overall quality and alleviating senescence in jujube fruit. • UV-C delayed the softening rate in jujube fruit. • UV-C inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation in jujube fruit. • UV-C improved the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability in jujube fruit. • UV-C activated the phenylpropane metabolic pathway. • UV-C treatment showed great potential to delay senescence in jujube fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis, causes neuro oxidative damage and apoptosis, and plays key roles in diabetic encephalopathy (DE). The goal of this research was to evaluate the roles of lutein attenuated MGO‐induced damage in PC12 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. The findings of this study showed that lutein has a significant impact on reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in MGO‐induced PC12 cells, which may be attributed to the increased antioxidant enzymes activity and the decreased MDA levels. Moreover, treatment with lutein also alleviated cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Real‐time PCR and western blot analysis showed that lutein enhanced the Bcl‐2:Bax ratio, inhibited the expression of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, and increased the protein level of phosphorylated Akt. The network pharmacology and molecular docking prediction results suggested that the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway was a potential mechanism of lutein in DE treatment. Furthermore, LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, partially abolished the protective effect of lutein. These results presented that lutein attenuated oxidative damage and apoptosis triggered by MGO in PC12 cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Practical applications: Lutein is a common carotenoid dispersed in fruits and vegetables. This article confirmed a protective effect of lutein on oxidative damage and apoptosis in PC12 cells after MGO damage. These results indicated that lutein could potentially be developed as a nutraceutical or functional food in the prevention of diabetic‐related neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational design of highly efficient, robust, and low‐cost trifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is extremely urgent for seawater‐based renewable energy conversion and storage, including direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHzFC) and overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS). Herein, FeP/FeNi2P encapsulated in N, P co‐doped hierarchical carbon (FeNiP‐NPHC) in situ grown on nickel foam is fabricated via a hydrothermal‐pyrolysis‐phosphidation procedure. Benefiting from the strong coupling effect among FeP, FeNi2P, and N, P co‐doped carbon at the three‐phase heterojunction interface, as well as the unique 1D/3D hierarchical structure, the as‐prepared FeNiP‐NPHC shows superior ORR (E1/2 = 0.83 V), HzOR (E100 = 7 mV), and HER (E100 = ‐180 mV) performance in alkaline seawater. Density functional theory functions indicate that constructing three‐phase heterojunction interface of FeNiP‐NPHC can effectively adjust the d‐band center and electronic structure, which is conductive to balance and optimize the trifunctional electrocatalytic performance. As proof of concept, the self‐assembled DHzFC is utilized to power the OHzS in alkaline seawater successfully, verifying application potential of the FeNiP‐NPHC as trifunctional electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined hydroxyl-functionalized and NH 4 Cl-assisted etching strategy is developed to effectively promote the yield of edge-hosted single-atomic Cu-N4 sites. The developed CuSAs@DCSs renders outstanding ORR activity (E onset =1.02 V, E 1/2 = 0.90 V), and excellent stability. CuSAs@DCSs-based Zn-air battery achieves ultralong cycle life and large power density. Rich edge-hosted active sites are responsible for the remarkable ORR performance. [Display omitted] • A hydroxyl-functionalized and NH 4 Cl-assisted etching strategy is developed to promote the yield of edge-hosted Cu-N4 sites. • Rich accessible edge-hosted Cu-N4 sites are responsible for the remarkable ORR performance. • CuSAs@DCSs exhibits extraordinarily ORR activity and excellent stability in both alkaline and acid solution. • CuSAs@DCSs exhibits superb performance when used as air cathode for Zn–air battery. • This strategy can be extended to fabricate other single atoms catalyst with controlled electronic structure. Single-atom electrocatalysts with metal-nitrogen-carbon (M N C SACs) moieties in carbon support display outstanding electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and have received widespread attentions. Only active sites on the edges of pores in carbon support are electrochemically accessible and contribute to ORR. Herein, we report a combined hydroxyl-functionalized and NH 4 Cl-assisted etching strategy to effectively promote the yield of edge-hosted Cu SAs. Thus, well-defined SAs with Cu-N 4 configuration are generated into the defect of carbonaceous nanospheres (CuSAs@DCSs). Impressively, the obtained SACs renders outstanding electrocatalytic ORR activity with onset, half-wave potentials of 1.02 V, 0.90 V, and extremely high stability, which transcends the noble-metals and most of the previously reported catalysts. When used in rechargeable Zn-air batteries, CuSAs@DCSs achieves ultralong cycle life at the large current density of 10 mA cm−2 (over 260 h) with low charge–discharge potential gap. Our study demonstrates that the creation of abundant micropores enriches the electrochemically accessible SAs, which locate at the edge-defects and are responsible for the remarkable ORR performance. This work sheds a facile strategy for designing and developing efficient electrocatalyst for various energy-related electrocatalytic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Make a quantitative damage device for Lingwu long jujube. • Spectral of samples was scanned by VIS/NIR hyperspectral system. • Using SPA, UVE, CARS, iVISSA and 2D-COS to select the characteristic wavelength. • Establish the PLS-DA classification models. Early detection of internal bruise is one of the major challenges in postharvest quality sorting processes in Lingwu long jujube. In this study, the visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) hyperspectral imaging system (400–1000 nm) was used to rapidly detect the intact and damaged jujube at five time points after mechanical damage (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h). The region of interest of samples was selected by ENVI software, and the average spectrum was calculated for modelling. Different preprocessing methods were used to transform and enhance the spectral signal. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models of the original and preprocessed spectra were established. The de-trending-PLS-DA model had the best effect, the accuracy of the calibration set and prediction set were 85.56% and 92.22%, respectively. The spectra were pre-processed by the de-trending algorithm, and the successive projection algorithm (SPA), uninformative variable elimination (UVE), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA), cluster analysis (CA), two-dimensional correlation spectra (2D-COS), UVE-SPA, CARS-SPA, iVISSA-SPA, CA-SPA and 2D-COS-SPA method were used to select characteristic variables. The PLS-DA model based on feature variables was established. The de-trending-CARS-PLS-DA model with 63 variables was found to be the optimal model. In the de-trending-CARS-PLS-DA model, the accuracy of calibration set and prediction set were 86.67% and 91.11%, respectively. It was found that the model accurately detected bruising in jujube at 8 h after bruising, and the accuracy of calibration set and prediction set were 100%. The results showed that VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging technology combined with PLS-DA could discriminate different stages of bruising in Lingwu long jujube. This study may help develop an online detection system of bruising in Lingwu long jujube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), a non-destructive method combining image and spectral techniques to obtain image and spectral information of target objects, and qualitative and quantitative analyses using spectral data, has been widely used in agricultural product detection. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using HSI (900–1700 nm) for rapid determination of myoglobin contents (DeoMb, OxyMb and MetMb) in nitrite-cured mutton during refrigerated storage. The data were analyzed using evolutionary computing methods, including partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least squares support vector machines (LSSVM). Corresponding feature wavelengths were then selected by using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), variable combination population analysis (VCPA) and interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA) respectively. The simplified iVISSA-PLSR model showed the best performance for determining DeoMb with R p of 0.9017 and RMSEP of 2.3509. In addition, the best model for OxyMb was CARS-PLSR, with R p of 0.9661 and RMSEP of 2.3762. Moreover, the CARS-LSSVM model showed a better performance with a higher R p (0.8931) and a lower RMSEP (3.2743) for MetMb. Furthermore, the overall performance of wavelength selection methods in terms of CARS (R pDeoMb ≥ 0.8943, R pOxyMb ≥ 0.9607, R pMetMb ≥ 0.8910) and iVISSA (R pDeoMb ≥ 0.8976, R pOxyMb ≥ 0.9568, R pMetMb ≥ 0.8880) were equivalent and slightly better than VCPA (R pDeoMb ≥ 0.8711, R pOxyMb ≥ 0.9573, R pMetMb ≥ 0.8808). The results demonstrated that effective wavelength selection method can improve the performance of HSI system for the determination of myoglobin contents in comparison to full wavelength. • Feature wavelengths were selected by CARS, VCPA, iVISSA and iVISSA-CARS. • PLSR and LSSVM models were developed to measure myoglobin contents (DeoMb, OxyMb and MetMb) of nitrite-cured mutton. • The correlation coefficient of simpled model is acceptable for measuring myoglobin contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop simplified models for rapid and nondestructive monitoring myoglobin contents (DeoMb, MbO 2 and MetMb) during refrigerated storage of Tan sheep based on a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system in the spectral range of 400–1000 nm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least-squares support vector machines (LSSVM) were applied to correlate the spectral data with the reference values of myoglobin contents measured by a traditional method. In order to simplify the LSSVM models, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and Interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA) were used to select key wavelengths. The new CARS-LSSVM models of DeoMb and MbO 2 yielded good results, with R2p of 0.810 and 0.914, RMSEP of 1.127 and 2.598, respectively. The best model of MetMb was new iVISSA-CARS-LSSVM, with an R2p of 0.915 and RMSEP of 2.777. The overall results from this study indicated that it was feasible to predict myoglobin contents in Tan sheep using HSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for highly efficient and Pt-free electrocatalysts with comparable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst is highly demanded for developing renewable water electrolysis system but still remains challenging. In the current work, low loading of P modified ultrafine Rh nanoparticles encapsulated in N, P dual-doped carbon layers (Rh–P@NPC) have been prepared through a facile polymerization-impregnation followed by high-temperature pyrolysis process. Benefiting from the unique core-shell structural advantages and synergistic effect of Rh–P and NPC components, the resulting Rh–P@NPC catalyst not only exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity for HER in the whole pH range with a low overpotential of 31 mV, 65 mV, and 130 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , 1.0 M KOH, and 1.0 M PBS, respectively, but also demonstrates high durability. It is worth to note that all these HER performances are on a par with commercial Pt/C catalysts for HER. This synthetic strategy provides possibility for the fabrication of carbon-based heterostructures with high catalytic activity and durability in harsh environments. • Low loading of P-doped Rh encapsulated in N, P-doped carbon layers are prepared. • The Rh–P@NPC with high surface area with enable full expose of active species. • The Rh–P@NPC exhibits excellent activity and stability for HER in the whole pH range. • The P-doped Rh and NPC can synergistically enhance the HER activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount and chemical state of myoglobin are often relevant to meat color, which is one of the important characteristics of meat freshness and wholesomeness. To precisely determine OxyMb and MetMb contents in mutton, the feasibility of optimization detection technology of spectral image fusion was explored. Three methods were used to select characteristic wavelengths while textural features of muscle tissue were derived. Compared among all models, LSSVM models coupled with spectra and textural parameters all performed better than these PLSR models. The iVISSA-COR-LSSVM model for OxyMb prediction achieved a good performance of R2 C = 0.9525, RMSEC = 2.2955, R2 P = 0.8956, and RMSEP = 3.0036. The more effective prediction performances emerged from VCPA-IRIV-COR-LSSVM model with R2 C = 0.8809, RMSEC = 2.2009, R2 P = 0.8353, and RMSEP = 3.2096 for MetMb. In final, the pseudo color maps of OxyMb and MetMb distribution were generated. This study demonstrated that the data fusion method furnishes a new approach to rapidly evaluate myoglobin content. • Better results were obtained by iVISSA and VCPA-IRIV identified wavebands. • Data fusion was used for enhancing hyperspectral prediction performance of myoglobin value. • LSSVM models built for predicting OxyMb and MetMb contents showed good results. • Distribution maps of OxyMb and MetMb values were visualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Cu-CoFe/Co/NC as trifunctional electrocatalysts in alkaline seawater, an overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) unit is self-powered by a direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHzFC), demonstrating the great potential of Cu-CoFe/Co/NC as trifunctional electrocatalysts toward energy storage and conversion devices. [Display omitted] • Cu-doped CoFe/Co encapsulated by N -doped carbon (Cu-CoFe/Co/NC) is synthesized. • The electronic structure and d-band center of catalyst are regulated. • The catalyst show good ORR, HzOR and HER performance in alkaline seawater. • The catalyst is used into direct hydrazine fuel cell and overall hydrazine splitting. The development of high-performance and robust electrocatalyst suitable for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater still faces huge challenges. In this study, Cu-doped CoFe/Co encapsulated by N -doped carbon (Cu-CoFe/Co/NC) is synthesized via chemical precipitation followed by carbonization method, in which the electronic structure and d-band center of Cu-CoFe/Co/NC are regulated by metal doping and hetero-engineering. The as-synthesized Cu-CoFe/Co/NC exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR (E 1/2 = 0.87 V), HzOR (η 10 = 281 mV), and HER (η -10 = 217 mV) in alkaline seawater. Inspiringly, the self-assembled direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHzFC) are used to power overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) for proof of concept, demonstrating the great potential of Cu-CoFe/Co/NC as trifunctional electrocatalyst toward energy storage and conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) treatment improved the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability in jujube fruit. • The AsA-GSH cycle was promoted for jujube fruit treated with AEW. • AEW treatment enhanced the activities of enzymes related to the phenylpropane metabolic pathway. • AEW treatment delayed fruit softening by regulating cell wall metabolism. • AEW treatment delayed disease occurrence in jujube fruit. Disease development of 'Lingwu Long' jujube fruit treated with acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) at 4 ± 1℃ for storing 30 d was evaluated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and cell wall metabolism. Compared to the control, jujube fruit treated with AEW had a lower disease index. At the end of storage, AEW treatment maintained lower malondialdehyde (2.1 μmol kg−1) and superoxide anion generation rate (41.5 nmol g−1 min−1) compared to the control, while enhancing catalase (127.2 U g−1) and superoxide dismutase activities (244.2 U g−1). AEW treatment increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability and hydrogen peroxide. The higher contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione were related to higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase in AEW-treated jujube fruit. Moreover, the highest activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (21.1 U g−1), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (304.2 U g−1), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (6.4 U g−1) and contents of total phenolics (5.3 g GAE kg−1) and total flavonoids (0.3 mg RE g−1) were observed in AEW-treated fruit compared to the control. Higher firmness, Na 2 CO 3 -soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose and lower water-soluble pectin in AEW-treated fruit were due to lower activities of polygalacturonase, pectinate lyases, β-galactosidase, and cellulase. As a result, AEW could be used for decreasing decay occurrence and maintaining storage quality of jujube fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Fruits and vegetables (F&V) provide people with a variety of essential vitamins, antioxidants and dietary fibre, thus constituting integral components of human diet. With the surge of interest in F&V, their consumption ratio has kept increasing in recent years. Unfortunately, microorganisms and pesticide residues on the surfaces of F&V may be hazardous to humans. As an emerging technology, electrolysed water (EW) shows great application potential in reducing these hazards. EW treatment not only effectively removes microorganisms from F&V but also degrades pesticide residues on their surfaces. In addition, EW treatment affects the physiological metabolism of harvested F&V, which is conducive to maintain their sensory quality and nutritional value. This article reviews the principles of EW preparation, advantages and disadvantages, and the application of EW in F&V in the last decade, including disinfection of irrigation water, removal of pesticide residues, disinfection after harvest its effects on physicochemical parameters and enzyme activity of F&V, etc. Moreover, the combination of EW and other technology, including ozone, short‐time heat treatment, ultraviolet irradiation and ultrasound, to further improve the quality control effects of F&V is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HE is a natural extract with strong antioxidant capacity. Drosophila melanogaster was used to explore HE could delay aging in this study. We detected that 3 mg/ml HE could increase stress tolerance (heat, cold, starvation, oxidative stress), reduce intestinal dysfunction, and prolong the lifespan of D. melanogaster. Network pharmacology analysis showed HE could act through the PI3K‐Akt pathway. Meanwhile, HE intervention inhibited the gene expression of InR, PI3K, and Akt‐1, and further increased the gene expression of Atg1, Atg5, Atg8a, and Atg8b. Furthermore, HE inhibited the unnatural propagation of ISCs and increased the number of lysosomes. Supplement with HE may be an effective intervention for aging D. melanogaster. Practical applications: In recent years, diseases that come with aging have seriously affected people's healthy life. Hawthorn is a kind of nutrient‐rich substance that is rich in flavonoids and thus has many potential biological and pharmacological functions. Our results showed that HE has good antioxidant properties and can maintain intestinal homeostasis, which provides a good theoretical basis for the development and research using HE as an effective natural antioxidant for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hyperspectral imaging technique was used for acquiring reflectance images to identify common defects (bruise, insect-infestetation and cracks) on jujube fruit. Hyperspectral images of jujubes were evaluated from the regions of interest through principal component analysis (PCA) to select five optimal wavelengths (420,521,636,670,679 nm) from 300 samples in the spectral region of 400–1000 nm and four important wavelength (1028,1118,1359,1466 nm) in the region of 978–1586 nm. Compared with support vector machine (SVM) models, the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) models of intact, cracked, bruised, and insect-infested jujubes based on five wavelengths in NIR showed good performance with high classification rates of 96%, 96%, 93.9% and 95.6%, respectively. This research demonstrates the feasibility of implementing hyperspectral imaging for identifying common defects and enhancing the product quality and marketability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Excessive intake of salt is associated with several negative health effects. • The use of natural substances to replace salt in food is a growing trend. • Reduced salt in processed meat products affects quality and shelf life. • Umami substances can lower NaCl in meat products without quality loss. • Natural umami substances can increase the water-holding capacity and reduce lipid oxidation of meat products. Sodium is one of the essential additives in meat processing, but excessive sodium intake may increase risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, reducing salt content while preserving its preservative effect, organoleptic properties, and technological characteristics poses challenges. In this review, the mechanism of salt reduction of umami substances was introduced from the perspective of gustation-taste interaction, and the effects of the addition of traditional umami substances (amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids(OAs)) and natural umami ingredients (mushrooms, seaweeds, tomatoes, soybeans, tea, grains) on the sensory properties of the meat with reduced-salt contents were summarized. In addition, the impacts of taste enhancers on eating quality (color, sensory, textural characteristics, and water-holding capacity (WHC)), and processing quality (lipid oxidation, pH) of meat products (MP) and their related mechanisms were also discussed. Among them, natural umami ingredients exhibit distinct advantages over traditional umami substances in terms of enhancing quality and nutritional value. On the basis of salt reduction, natural umami ingredients improve the flavor, texture, WHC and antioxidant capacity. This comprehensive review may provide the food industry with a theoretical foundation for mitigating salt consumption through the utilization of umami substances and natural ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of meat texture is of great value because it is the key factor that drives consumer purchasing decisions. In this study, a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system was utilized to determine the texture parameters of Tan mutton. In order to observe the influence of mutton spectra during different refrigeration periods for modeling, hyperspectral images of the Tan mutton samples were collected in the 900–1700 nm spectral range, and the correction models of Tan mutton texture parameters were established. The four machine learning algorithms, such as partial least squares regression (PLSR), least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), random forest (RF), and decision trees (DT), were developed to establish the spectral models based on the characteristic bands selected by different extraction strategies including interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), successive projection algorithm (SPA) and variable combination population analysis (VCPA). The results showed that the LSSVM-iVISSA-CARS models exhibited excellent performance in predicting hardness and gumminess with root-mean-square errors (RMSEP) of 5.259 and 3.051 as well as the coefficient of determination for the prediction data set (R p 2) of 0.986 and 0.984 respectively. Good performances were achieved with R p 2 of 0.987 and RMSEP of 4.970 with the LSSVM-iVISSA-SPA model for chewiness, respectively. Therefore, HSI has potential for the evaluation and prediction of texture parameters in Tan mutton. • Spectra at 900–1700 nm was applied for detecting texture parameters of Tan mutton. • The OSC and MC methods were both utilized to preprocess X-block and Y-block. • Informative wavelengths were selected using iVISSV-CARS and iVISSV-SPA approaches. • The LSSVM model yielded the best result in predicting hardness, gumminess and chewiness of Tan mutton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Ba (1 − x) Sr x TiO3 (BST) fiber arrays in an orderly manner were successfully fabricated by electrospinning. The arrangement of the fiber arrays and their dielectric properties at different rotation speeds were investigated. The microstructure, phase composition and dielectric properties of the fabricated fiber arrays were detected via field-emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and automatic component analyzer. The results indicated that the orientation of the BST fiber arrays could be affected by the drum rotational speed variation of the roller receiver. The orientation degree of the BST fiber arrays increased and the diameter of the BST fiber arrays decreased with the increasing of the drum rotational speed. With the content of polyvinylpyrrolidone at 8% and the speed of 1000 r/min, the orientation degree of the BST fiber arrays gets a better state and the best dielectric constant of 104. Moreover, the ferroelectric performance of BST fiber arrays in ambient and cryogenic environments has a maxima Curie temperature of − 5 ∘ C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unveiled Tan sheep MB purification and confirmed identity via LC-MS/MS analysis. • NO-induced transformation in MbFeⅢ observed by UV–visible and Raman spectroscopy. • AlphaFold2 and docking simulations reveal stable MbFeⅡNO structure. • DFT highlights chemical stability and role of distal histidine in MbFeⅡNO. • Theoretical and experimental synergy elucidates pigment protein dynamics. Color of meat remains crucial quality attribute that attracts attention of researchers worldwide. Various strategies have been employed to manipulate meat color by generating nitric oxide (NO), which interacts with myoglobin (Mb) to yield the pinkish-red pigment, nitrosomyoglobin (MbFeⅡNO). However, the formation mechanism of MbFeⅡNO warrants further exploration at the molecular-structural level for meat pigmentation. Here, Tan sheep Mb was purified and characterized its primary structure via LC-MS/MS, which found it to be identical to sheep Mb. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed 70.05 % α-helix content in the secondary structure of Tan sheep Mb. UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy monitored NO bonding in Tan sheep Mb, revealing that NO displaced H 2 O of MbFeⅢ, forming MbFeⅢNO, which subsequently transformed into low-spin six-coordination MbFeⅡNO. Additionally, three-dimensional structure of Tan sheep Mb was constructed utilizing Alphafold2, and theoretical simulations and calculations were performed through molecular docking and DFT. Results confirmed the synergistic effect of the strong metal-ligand and hydrogen bonding interactions among the NO, heme iron, and distal sites significantly contributed to the stable formation of MbFeⅡNO. Overall, this study offers a novel perspective on the mechanism of NO binding in Mb, potentially guiding the development of innovative strategies to mitigate meat color deterioration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel cermet composite coating Cu-Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 -CeO 2 was designed. • The octahedral CeO 2 particles adhere between flaky γ-Al 2 O 3. • The mechanism of Cl- corrosion resistance of composite coating was analyzed. In this paper, γ-Al 2 O 3 &CeO 2 composite powder (ACp) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, and γ-Al 2 O 3 and ACp were deposited on the surface of H64 brass with copper and nickel from sulfate plating bath at a specific deposition current density. The phase composition and morphology of composite powder and coating were studied, and the electrochemical behavior of composite coating in simulated seawater (3.5 wt% NaCl) was evaluated. The results show that γ-Al 2 O 3 and CeO 2 are well combined, the corrosion potential and polarization resistance of Cu-Ni/γ-Al 2 O 3 &CeO 2 composite coating (CNACc) are as high as 0.022 V and 21.107 kΩ•cm2, respectively, which is due to the fact that the composite coating can distort the Cl- corrosion path and play a good role in corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The NIR-HSI was used for the first time to evaluate the lipid oxidation in mutton. • G2D-CS was used to determine the sequence of the changes in chemical bonds. • The CARS-LSSVM model showed good result to assess TBARS content in mutton (R p 2 = 0.83). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a rapid and non-destructive detecting method for lipid oxidation degree in mutton by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI). The hyperspectral images of the samples were collected in the spectral range of 900–1700 nm based on line-scanning. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and least-squares support vector machines (LSSVM) were established to correlate the full spectra with measured TBARS values. To reduce the complexity of the calibration models, eight new PLSR and LSSVM models based on the four sets of key variables extracted by interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA), interval random frog (IRF), variable combination population analysis (VCPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were developed and compared. The optimized LSSVM model based on the feature wavebands selected by CARS methods was found to be good in predicting TBARS content, with R p 2 of 0.83, RMSEP of 0.11 mg kg−1, RPD of 2.82 and RER of 10.36. In summary, this study showed that it was feasible to non-destructively and rapidly evaluate lipid oxidation degree in mutton using NIR-HSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sm3+- and Eu3+-doped rare-earth borate glasses (Li2O–BaO–La2O3–B2O3) have been fabricated and characterized optically. The density, refractive index, optical absorption, Judd-Ofelt parameters, and spontaneous transition probabilities have been measured, calculated and analyzed. Sm3+ and Eu3+ emit intense reddish-orange and red lights under blue and UV light excitations, respectively. In Sm3+ and Eu3+ co-doped glasses, the excitation wavelength range of Eu3+ emission is broadened owing to the energy transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+. This broadening makes the Ar+ 488nm wavelength laser a powerful excitation source for Eu3+ fluorescence. The rare-earth doped glasses with various visible emissions are useful for developing new color light sources, fluorescent display devices, UV-sensor and tunable visible lasers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To investigate the changes in colour and chlorophyll levels in vacuum-precooled green beans during storage, kinetic models and shelf life prediction models of these quality indices were established by reaction kinetics and the Arrhenius equation. Linear regression analysis was used to study the changes in colour and chlorophyll levels during 12 d of storage at 0 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C and 25 °C, and the relationship between chlorophyll level and total colour difference (ΔE) was also determined. The results showed that the colour and chlorophyll levels retained in vacuum-precooled green beans were better than those in the control group during storage. A linear regression analysis revealed that the change rate constants of colour parameters (L*, a*, b* and ΔE) and chlorophyll levels followed the Arrhenius law dependence on temperature. Colour and chlorophyll levels were successfully described by zero-order and first-order reactions, respectively. In addition, the shelf life based on ΔE and chlorophyll level changes of 10% was similar to that at a cut-off score of 6 by sensory evaluation. It was suggested that the kinetics model could accurately predict the shelf life and changes of colour and chlorophyll levels in vacuum-precooled green beans during storage. • Vacuum precooling resulted in higher retention colour of green beans during storage. • Kinetics modelling was used to map green beans color changes during storage. • The applicability of the Arrhenius law during storage was investigated. • Chlorophyll was a predictor of colour quality index during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced edible film with active nanoparticles has been in increasing demand as a new technology to improve the quality and extend the shelf-life of muscle foods. The study aimed to fabricate and characterize a novel potato starch (Pst)/watermelon peel pectin (Wpp) composite film with the microencapsulated Lycium barbarum leaf flavonoids (MLF) and nano-TiO 2 (Pst/Wpp/MLF/TiO 2) and further apply the film in Tan mutton preservation. The moisture content, thickness and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the composite film were relatively increased with increasing the percentage of MLF, while nano-TiO 2 had slight influence on the thickness, but leaded to a significantly decreased the moisture content and WVP. Also, the SEM images showed that the roughness and porosity were created on the film surface by adding MLF and nano-TiO 2. FTIR revealed electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions between the components in the film system. Meanwhile, MLF and nano-TiO 2 effectively enhanced the mechanical strength, UV-barrier, controlled-release, thermal stability, antimicrobial and antioxidation properties of the Pst/Wpp film. Also, the composite film containing MLF and nano-TiO 2 significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms and chemical deterioration of mutton samples, which suggested that such film has potential as a prospective active packaging for preserving Tan mutton. • Lycium barbarum leaf flavone microcapsules (MLF) with multi-wall structure are developed as a new active nanoparticle. • Composite films based on potato starch/watermelon peel pectin/MLF/nano-TiO 2 are prepared and characterized. • MLF and nano-TiO 2 cooperate to enhance the multi-functional properties of the composite film such as biological properties. • Reinforced composite films with MLF and nano-TiO 2 can improve quality of Tan mutton and extend its shelf-life. • Reinforced composite films with MLF and nano-TiO 2 have the potential to be used as active packaging for meat preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • BOSS exhibited better superiority in wavelength selection compared with SCARS. • Texture features entropy, inertia, and gradient mean square error were highly correlated with the bruise over time (|r|>0.7). • Spectral data combined with textural features with the highest correlations improved prediction accuracy. • The 1D-CNN model had the advantage of handling large datasets. The timely detection and classification of bruised Lingwu long jujube is crucial for reducing economic losses in the agricultural industry. Traditional machine learning methods had been effectively used for bruise time classification with limited samples while the challenges were presented when the amount of data expanded. Deep learning methods can offer a solution. The hyperspectral image of the jujube sample was obtained using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system (900–1700 nm). The optimal input variables were obtained by comparing the performance of the partial least squares-discriminant analysis, artificial neural network, and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) models based on the spectral data and the fusion data of spectral and textural features. The optimal variable was the fusion data that could improve the model performance (from 92.68% to 96.10%). The above-mentioned three classifiers were used to establish models based on fusion data for two different dataset sizes consisting of large datasets (LD) (820) and small datasets (SD) (200) to explore the influence of dataset size on model performance. As the sample size increased, the 1D-CNN had good robustness with a classification rate of 94.00% for SD and 96.10% for LD in the prediction sets for all samples. The classification rate of prediction sets for 0 h after bruising increased from 90.00% to 92.68%, and from 80.00% to 90.24% in the class of 24 h after bruising. The findings provided a new approach to building a large spectral library and developing an online classification and detection system, thereby providing new ideas for the development of grading systems for Lingwu long jujube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2WO6 modified with CdSe quantum dots (QDs) was synthesized in different solvents. Among these prepared photocatalysts, CdSe‐Acetone‐Bi2WO6 demonstrated the best photocatalytic performance as tested by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Moreover, three‐time degradation tests proved that CdSe‐Acetone‐Bi2WO6 had a good photocatalytic stability. The photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical test showed that the recombination of electron hole pairs of CdSe‐Acetone‐Bi2WO6 decreased most obviously, which was consistent with the photocatalytic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hierarchical NiO-based nanostructure, constructed from multi-dimensional building blocks, was fabricated by a synthesis method based on electrospinning and solution phase reaction. Fe was incorporated into the NiO nanostructure with highly uniform distribution via ion exchange reaction. A series of Fe2O3/NiO composites with different compositions were successfully synthesized with the hierarchical architecture well preserved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to characterize the structure and to confirm the formation mechanism of the synthesized products. The gas sensing properties of the Fe2O3/NiO hierarchical composites were systematically investigated. The optimized composition of Fe2O3/NiO shows superior sensing performance towards ethanol, such as high sensitivity, fast response/recovery speed and good selectivity. The high gas sensing performance of the sensing material was mainly due to the completeness of the heterojunction assembly between n-type Fe2O3 and p-type NiO, as well as the amplification effect caused by assembling the heterojunctions on the nanoscale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel composite sub-micron fibers materials, consisting of superfine powdered diatomite (SPD) and fibrous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were fabricated by electrospinning. SPD was obtained after high energy ball milling for 6h high energy ball milling with 10% (wt%) Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as dispersant. The diameters of SPD (400 nm–1000 nm) were 30 times less than that of the normal powdered diatomite particles, and SPD also had pores inside based on Rhodamine B (RhB) micro-pollutant. The composite sub-micron fibers were composed by three dimensional networks from PVA sub-micron fibers, on which SPD particles were randomly attached on. The composite sub-micron fibers exhibited excellent mechanical behavior and stable thermal decomposition property in the temperature from 275 °C to 300 °C. Comparing with PVA sub-micron fibers, SPD-PVA composite sub-micron fibers possess extra 36% adsorption capacity to RhB, which was due to 48.5% (wt%) of SPD in fibers. Conserving the adsorptive functionality of SPD particles in electrospinning non-woven polymeric fiber, could enable them to be used in the fields of adsorbants. Image 1 • Electrospinning non-woven PVA sub-micron fibers with superfine powdered diatomite are fabricated. • SPD is mostly attached on the PVA sub-micron fibers surface, a small part of which is embedded in the PVA sub-micron fibers. • The electrospinning composite membrane displays good mechanical properties and thermal stability. • Composition of SPD-PVA composite sub-micron fibers show a synergistic increase in adsorption of Rhodamine B from acetone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel photocatalyst of Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 doped with Tm3+/Yb3+ was prepared by a simple coprecipitation method followed by a calcination technology. The as‐synthesized Tm3+/Yb3+‐Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 samples were characterized by various analytical methods. The as‐synthesized sample exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity when degrading Rhodamine B under the irradiation of visible‐light. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Tm3+/Yb3+‐Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 (95.2%) was higher than that of pure Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 (85.2%) in 50 min. Besides, the sample revealed a stable photocatalytic property after four photodegradation cycles. Therefore, this study may provide a better method to obtain stable upconversion photocatalyst degrading organic pollution with greatly improved activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm3+-doped barium stannate (BaSnO 3 :Sm3+) down-conversion particle was prepared via a sol-gel method with SnCl 4 ·5H 2 O, BaCO 3 and Sm(NO 3) 3 as raw materials followed by an annealing process. Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the formation of BaSnO 3 :Sm3+ nanocrystals with a typical perovskite structure. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated that the as-prepared BaSnO 3 :Sm3+ nanocrystals could convert UV-light to yellow light at 587 nm and effectively widen the spectra response ranges of the DSSC to the ultraviolet region. The photoelectric properties of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on BaSnO 3 :Sm3+ photo-anodes were also investigated. The BaSnO 3 :Sm3+ down-conversion photo-anodes showed a much greater photovoltaic efficiency compared with the photo-anode of BaSnO 3 without rear earth (RE). The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs based on BaSnO 3 :Sm3+ photo-anode doping Sm3+ of 1mol% was almost twice higher than that based on pure BaSnO 3 photo-anode under the simulated light irradiation. • The down-conversion nanocrystal of Sm3+-doped BaSnO 3 was synthesized. • The photoluminescence mechanism of BaSnO 3 : Sm3+ nanoparticles were analyzed. • A photoanode based on BaSnO 3 :Sm3+ achieved its efficiency. • It was due to the formation of new hole traps and the downconversion of Sm3+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foamed concrete with five densities were prepared without sintering, then compounded with the humidity controlling slurry to prepare the sand-based breathing bricks (SBB). The accurate porous parameters of foamed concrete were characterized and quantified by Image-pro Plus 6.0 and Matlab 2015a. The effect of these porous parameters on the properties of the SBB were investigated. The optimal physical, mechanical and humidity controlling properties of SBB were achieved with FCa9 of foamed Concrete. The suitable dry density was 910 kg/m 3 with higher compressive strength of 5.25 MPa, thermal conductivity was 0.08 W·(m·K) −1 , the max moisture absorption was 272.51 g/m 2 and max moisture desorption was 143.09 g/m 2 , which can be used as a wall material for partitioning space to improve indoor air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped Bi 2 WO 6 (Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ -Bi 2 WO 6 ) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method followed by a heat treatment process. X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and up-conversion luminescence spectra were used to characterize the as-synthesized Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ -Bi 2 WO 6 . The effects of Yb 3+ concentration on up-conversion luminescence properties were investigated. Under 980 nm laser excitation, two emission peaks centered at 546 nm and 655 nm corresponding to the 5 F 4 , 5 S 2 and 5 F 5 transitions, respectively, to the 5 I 8 ground state were observed. Power studies revealed that a two-photon process was involved in the up-conversion emissions and the probable up-conversion emission mechanisms were discussed according to the energy transfer process. This study confirms that Bi 2 WO 6 could be a potential host to achieve desired up-conversion luminescence and might be potentially applied in the fields of photocatalysis and solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CTAB-Surface-Modified-TiO 2 nanocatalysts were synthesized via a microemulsion combine hydrothermal method. The experimental result showed that the nitric acid concentration and hydrothermal temperature had important influence on the photocatalytic activity of samples. When the nitric acid concentration was 2 M and hydrothermal temperature was 120 °C, photocatalytic activity of sample was highest. It could achieve 99.99% degradation rate of rhodamine B (RhB) within 60 min visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic activity was mainly ascribed to that the CTAB molecule groups could abound the surface state of TiO 2 and the abundant surface state could generate shallow trap levels to trap electron and thus enhanced light absorption as well as reduced electron-hole pair recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Products of porous bricks from low grade diatomite and sugar filter mud (SFM) in different proportion between 0 and 30 wt% were fabricated at sintering temperatures ranging from 700 to 900 °C. Effect on physical and mechanical properties of sinterring temperature and adding proportion of sugar filter mud were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of samples were determined by DSC-TG thermal analysis, XRD, SEM and universal testing machine. The samples of porous bricks after sintering have acceptable performance parameters. The best combination of mechanical and physical properties is achieved for a mixture of 70 wt% diatomite, 20 wt%SFM with the additions of 6 wt% dolomite and 4 wt% sodium perborate sintering at 800 °C. The apparent porosity was 50.39%, bulk density was 1.25 g/cm 3 , the flexural strength was 10.05 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ co-doped Bi 2 MoO 6 (Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ -Bi 2 MoO 6 ) photocatalyst has been prepared via coprecipitation method followed by an annealing process. The as-synthesized powder exhibits spherical and sheet structure with size of 200 nm-300 nm. Then the photocatalyst was applied to degrade rhodamine (RhB) to measure its photocatalytic activies under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). From the results, Ho 3+ /Yb 3+ -Bi 2 MoO 6 showed higher photocatalytic efficiency (96.48%) than that (79.70%) of bare Bi 2 MoO 6 within 25min. Besides, the photocatalytic activity of the sample keeps well after three photodegradation cycles. This work provides a great way to synthesize photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm-doped SrSnO (SrSnO:Sm) nanopowders were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and followed by a heat treatment process. The as-synthesized nanopowders were assembled in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to investigate their photoelectric properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) confirmed the formation of SrSnO:Sm nanopowders with perovskite structure. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra indicate a down-conversion from ultraviolet light to visible light which matches the strong absorption region of the N719 dye. The DSSC based on SrSnO:Sm photo-anode improved its photoelectric conversion efficiency ( η) via the down-conversion of doped Sm. Under the irradiation of the simulated sunlight with 100 mW/cm, the DSSC based on SrSnO doping with Sm of 0.6 wt% showed the highest η of 1.54%, which improved 71.11% compared with the DSSC based on pure SrSnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]