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Understory bird communities, especially those comprising insectivores, are highly sensitive to forest loss and fragmentation. Currently, there is little knowledge regarding the large‐scale diversity patterns of understory bird communities, particularly in Eastern Asia. Consequently, we aimed to identify the distribution patterns of understory birds in southern China and the factors underlying these patterns. We analysed the diversity distribution patterns of taxonomic and functional α and β diversity for understory Passeriformes birds in southern China utilising cluster and ordination analyses. Subsequently, we analysed the effects of geographic distance, annual mean temperature, annual temperature range, annual mean precipitation, and annual precipitation range on diversity distribution patterns. In total, 9282 individuals belonging to 11 orders, 48 families, and 297 species were captured over 98,544 net hours, with Alcippeidae being the most abundant family in southern China. The understory bird communities of the 25 sites were categorised into six sub‐regions of the Oriental Realm (Indo‐Malayan Realm). The pattern in the distribution of taxonomic and functional β‐diversity of understory birds in southern China was consistent with zoogeographical regionalisation. Three distinct geographical groups were identified: Group 1 was located in the Min‐Guang Coast and Hainan sub‐regions; Group 2 was located in the East Hilly Plain, Southwest Mountains, and Western Mountains and Plateaus sub‐regions; and Group 3 was located in the Southern Yunnan Mountain subregion. The most critical factors related to the distribution patterns of β‐diversity were geographical distance, annual mean temperature, and annual temperature range. Our results showed that the understory bird communities of the Southwest Mountain, East Hilly Plain, and Western Mountains, and Plateaus sub‐regions were similar, as were those of the Min‐Guang Coast and Hainan sub‐regions. Our results underscore the joint roles of distance, temperature, and historical evolution in understory bird communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many studies have found that cadmium (Cd) can be toxic to microalgae, only a few reports focused on the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Cd(II) detoxification. The biochemical and physiological endpoints of Microcystis aeruginosa, including the composition and functional groups of soluble EPS (SL-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), were detected to elucidate the toxicity and detoxification mechanisms of Cd(II) for cyanobacteria. Toxicological and physiological assays on M. aeruginosa showed that the 0.25-mg/L Cd(II) resulted in a larger inhibition on growth and Fv/Fm. Nevertheless, Cd(II) significantly induced much higher contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), intracellular microcystin LR (MC-LR), extracellular MC-LR, and EPS. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that Cd(II) was absorbed into the EPS layer. Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis revealed that the functional groups bound with Cd(II) of algae biomass, SL-EPS, LB-EPS, and TB-EPS were somewhat different. The C=O/C=N groups of δ-lactam or protein were their prominent functional groups, suggesting that amide or proteins in the EPS played a key role in the adsorption in Cd(II). The concentration of 0.25 mg/L of Cd(II) may change the chemical structure of EPS by altering the production of protein-like substances containing tryptophan. This study indicated that M. aeruginosa could detoxify Cd(II) stress via induction of antioxidant capacity (higher SOD activity and MC synthesis), EPS production, and modification in chemical structure of EPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dragonflies show impressive flight performance due to their unique tandem flapping wing configuration. While previous studies focused on forewing-hindwing interference in dragonfly-like flapping wings, few have explored the role of asymmetric pitching angle in tandem flapping wings. This paper compares the aerodynamic performance of asymmetric dragonfly-like wings with symmetric hummingbird-like wings, both arranged in tandem. Using a three-dimensional numerical model, we analyzed wing configurations with single/tandem wings, advance ratios (J) from 0 to 0.45, and forewing-hindwing phase differences (ϕ) from 0 ° to 180 ° at a Reynolds number of 7000. Results show that asymmetric flapping wings exhibit higher vertical force and flight efficiency in both single and tandem wing configurations. Increasing the phase difference (ϕ) improves flight efficiency with minimal loss of vertical force in the asymmetric flapping mode, while the symmetrical flapping mode significantly reduces vertical force at a 180 ° phase difference. Additionally, symmetric tandem flapping wings unexpectedly gain extra vertical force during in-phase flapping. This study uncovers the flow characteristics of dragonfly-like tandem flapping wings, providing a theoretical basis for the design of tandem flapping wing robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flapping wing rotorcrafts (FWRs) combine both the motion characteristics of flapping and rotary wings, exhibiting high aerodynamic efficiency at low Reynolds numbers. In this paper, the ceiling effect of FWRs has been studied through numerical and experimental methods to further investigate the aerodynamic performance of FWRs operating under a ceiling and to explore the feasibility of enhancing the flight efficiency of FWRs via ceiling-effect-based perching locomotion. Based on the momentum theory and blade element methods, a theoretical model is first established to predict the additional thrust generated by the FWR operating under the ceiling. Additionally, to uncover the detailed aerodynamic mechanisms of FWRs' ceiling effect, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to analyze the changes in force production and flow field around the FWR at 75–115 mm distances from the ceiling. Furthermore, experimental methods were employed to validate the theoretical model and CFD simulation. The results demonstrate a continuous increase in the thrust from 19.18 to 22.15 gf as the ceiling distance decreases, while the total energy consumption remains relatively constant. Leveraging the ceiling effect, the tested FWR could achieve an additional lift force of up to 9.5% at 75 mm ceiling height with a 33 Hz flapping frequency. Finally, a ceiling perching demonstration was conducted to validate the feasibility of achieving FWRs' energy-efficient locomotion based on ceiling effects. Our study highlights the positive influence of ceiling effect on FWRs, showing a promising way to further improve the flight efficiency of FWRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In December 2022, Chongqing experienced a significant surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic after adjusting control measures in China. Given the widespread immunization of the population with the BA.5 variant, it is crucial to actively monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant evolution in Chongqing's Yubei district. Methods: In this retrospective study based on whole genome sequencing, we collected oropharyngeal and nasal swab of native COVID-19 cases from Yubei district between January to May 2023, along with imported cases from January 2022 to January 2023. Through second-generation sequencing, we generated a total of 578 genomes. Results: Phylogenetic analyses revealed these genomes belong to 47 SARS-CoV-2 Pango lineages. BA.5.2.48 was dominant from January to April 2023, rapidly replaced by XBB* variants from April to May 2023. Bayesian Skyline Plot reconstructions indicated a higher evolutionary rate (6.973 × 10–4 subs/site/year) for the XBB.1.5* lineage compared to others. The mean time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of BA.5.2.48* closely matched BA.2.75* (May 27, 2022). Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated growth advantages, with XBB.1.9.1 showing the highest growth advantage (1.2, 95% HPI:1.1–1.2), followed by lineage FR.1 (1.1, 95% HPI:1.1–1.2). Conclusions: Our monitoring reveals the rapid replacement of the previously prevalent BA.5.2.48 variant by XBB and its sub-variants, underscoring the ineffectiveness of herd immunity and breakthrough BA.5 infections against XBB variants. Given the ongoing evolutionary pressure, sustaining a SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance program is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTechnologically assisted methods have been extensively utilized in positive psychology interventions (PPIs), which aim to elevate the happiness levels of the widespread and diverse general public, a population that traditional methodologies struggle to comprehend and impact. Nevertheless, the literature provides insufficient insights into the effectiveness of chatbot-based PPIs (Chat-PPIs). This study endeavors to fill this void by employing both retrieval-based and generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-based chatbots and executing three randomized controlled trials involving 326 participants to investigate the hypothesized effectiveness mechanisms. The statistical analysis affirms the effectiveness of Chat-PPI. Moreover, our results indicate that personalized PPI recommendations, adaptive multi-round dialogues, and real-time feedback significantly augment the efficacy of Chat-PPI. Besides exploring and confirming the mechanisms behind Chat-PPI, this study also endorses the use of generative chatbots, which, although less controllable, provide more natural interaction that can boost the efficacy of Chat-PPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, multiple-beam colloidal quantum dot lasers are achieved in a double waveguide-grating (waveguide-grating-waveguide, W-G-W) microcavity. The grating is fabricated simply using interference lithography, and CdSe/CdS/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are spin-coated as the gain to form an active waveguide-grating structure. The photoresist film, which is not completely etched to the bottom, provides another waveguide-grating structure. In the W-G-W structure, low-threshold multiple-beam laser output is realized under optical pumping with emission peaks at 664.6 and 645.2 nm. The oblique laser is derived from a quasi-propagation mode. The thresholds of the two laser modes are 22.7 and 28.3 μJ/cm2, respectively, and both laser modes are TE0 modes. In addition, the emission wavelengths of the two modes of the designed distributed feedback laser can be flexibly tuned by changing the thickness of the CQDs' waveguide layer. The presence of quasi-propagation modes provides another method for designing compact laser sources, which could help in the design of wireless communication networks, hyperspectral 3D sensing, and color laser displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamics of soil enzyme activity during plant restoration processes have been studied extensively; however, a general understanding of the rhizosphere-specific enzyme activity during plant secondary succession is limited. Rhizosphere samples were collected from the dominant and main companion species in farmlands abandoned for up to 32 years in the Loess Plateau. We determined soil chemical properties, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and activities of four enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase, BG; β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, NAG; L-leucine aminopeptidase, LAP and alkaline phosphatase, AP), specific enzyme activity per soil organic carbon (SOC) and per PLFA unit. Specific BG, NAG, LAP and AP activities per SOC unit significantly decreased 77.1%, 53.2%, 83.0% and 49.2% with plant succession. Specific BG, NAG and LAP activities per PLFA unit significantly decreased 59.6%, 18.9% and 70.9% with plant succession. Furthermore, specific BG and LAP activities in the dominant species were lower than those in the companion species. Redundancy analysis revealed that variations in specific enzyme activities per SOC and per PLFA unit were explained 76.6% and 68.6% by soil chemical properties. SOC, total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (aP) significantly influenced the rhizosphere-specific enzyme activities. This study improved the understanding of the element cycle at the root–soil interface under secondary succession ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials with peroxidase-like activity have shown potential for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. However, the difficult separation and poor reusability of nanoparticles have hindered their further applications. Herein, we report a novel reusable peroxidase mimic, Co/Fe/NiOx@NF, prepared by in situ self-assembly of 3D hierarchical Co–Fe–Ni mixed oxides on nickel foam. The Co/Fe/NiOx@NF exhibited peroxidase-like activity, and we constructed a simple and convenient colorimetric sensing platform for H2O2 detection. The sensing platform displayed good linearity with a H2O2 concentration ranging from 0.2 to 4 mM and a low detection limit of 32.9 μM. We also applied the platform for the detection of H2O2 in actual samples and obtained satisfactory results. Due to the ferromagnetic properties and macro three-dimensional size of nickel foam, Co/Fe/NiOx@NF can be easily recycled using a magnet or tweezers, eliminating the need for high-speed centrifugation as in typical nanozyme systems. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Co/Fe/NiOx@NF remained stable after one hundred successive cycles, demonstrating its potential for reuse. This feature reduces waste and cost and makes it an environmentally friendly and efficient method for H2O2 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new band structure modulation approach to novel N-TiO 2 @C photocatalysts with elevated reduction potential, increased visible light absorption, inhibited recombination of electron-hole pairs and dramatically improved visible light-driven reduction ability in NADH generation. [Display omitted] • N-TiO 2 @C photocatalysts with elevated conductive band position and narrowed band gap were constructed via a simple glycine doping process. • The N-TiO 2 @C photocatalysts exhibited enhanced reduction potential, improved visible light absorption and higher separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. • The N-TiO 2 @C photocatalysts showed dramatically improved activity in the visible-light-driven generation of NADH without electron mediator and was successfully used in the enzymatic synthesis of methanol. Titanium dioxide photocatalysts with high reduction potential and visible light response hold great promise in photochemical conversion. Here, we used a simple glycine doping method to synthesize novel N-TiO 2 @C photocatalysts with upward shifted conduction bands and narrowed band gaps as well as inhibited recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. The N-TiO 2 @C photocatalysts exhibited higher visible light response and remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity in the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by photomediated reduction of NAD+ without any electron mediator. The yield of NADH was up to 70.3 % far greater than that of the undoped TiO 2 (11.3 %), and it stabilized at ca. 60 % after 10 cycles. The viability of coupling NADH regeneration with enzymatic reaction (alcohol dehydrogenase) was established in aldehyde reduction where formaldehyde was specifically reduced to methanol. These findings shed new light on the modulation of the band structure of semiconductors and develop an electron mediator free strategy for NADH-dependent artificial photosynthesis through coupled photocatalytic and enzymatic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total proctocolectomy (TPC) with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) has been accepted as a radical surgery for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to assess the predictive value of several novel and widely used endoscopic core systems, The Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting (TIGER) score, Mayo endoscopic score (MES), and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) in guiding the need for IPAA. Methods: Data on patients with UC from June 1986 and June 2022 at our institute were collected. The endoscopic evaluation was recorded according to the first colonoscopy after hospitalization. Primary outcome was the need for IPAA during admission and follow-up. Results: A total of 313 patients with a median follow-up time and a median TIGER score of 12.0 years (interquartile range (IQR): 6.0–17.0) and 212.0 (IQR: 7.0–327.0) were enrolled. IPAA was conducted in 110 (35.1%) patients, which significantly improved the long-term quality of life. TIGER score had the biggest area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.810 with a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 87.1% at the cut-off value of 315 (p < 0.001). TIGER score ≥ 315 was an independent risk factor with the highest odds ratio for the need for IPAA and associated with the shortest IPAA-free survival time compared with UCEIS and MES. Conclusion: TIGER score was superior to UCEIS and MES in predicting the need for IPAA. For colorectal surgeons, three or more segments with moderate-to-severe endoscopic activity should be considered as a threshold value for decision-making for IPAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorders are diagnosed globally, but recognition, interpretation and reporting may vary across cultures. To compare autism across cultures it is important to investigate whether the tools used are conceptually equivalent across cultures. This study evaluated the factor structure of the parent-reported Autism Spectrum Quotient Short Form in autistic children from China (n = 327; 3 to 17 years) and the Netherlands (n = 694; 6 to 16 years). Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the two-factor hierarchical model previously identified. Exploratory factor analysis indicated culturally variant factor structures between China and the Netherlands, which may hamper cross-cultural comparisons. Several items loaded onto different factors in the two samples, indicating substantial variation in parent-reported autistic traits between China and the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an estimated population of 10 million autistic individuals, there is still a significant lack of research on autistic adults in China. This study aimed to investigate the extent and factors influencing community integration (employment, independent living and friendship) and life satisfaction among young autistic adults in China, and compare them with an autistic adult sample with similar characteristics (58%–63% with a reported IQ below 70) from the Netherlands. Data were collected via online surveys to the caregivers of 99 young autistic adults (18–30 years) in China and 109 in the Netherlands, because the autistic adults were not able to fill in the survey independently. Autistic adults in both countries were reported to have limited community integration, as indicated by low rates of employment, limited independent living and few close friendships. Proxy-reported life satisfaction of autistic adults seemed relatively low in both countries, but even lower in Chinese adults, possibly due to limited awareness and acceptance of autism in China, inadequate or inaccessible support services, higher parenting stress, or general cross-country differences in well-being. In general, the findings indicate a common challenge faced by autistic adults with high support needs in both China and the Netherlands.Even though there are about 10 million Chinese autistic individuals, we know little about autistic adults in China. This study examined how well young autistic adults in China integrate into their communities (such as having a job, living independently and having friends) and how satisfied they are with their lives as reported by their caregivers. We compared them to autistic adults with similar characteristics (such as high support needs) from the Netherlands. We included 99 autistic adults in China and 109 in the Netherlands (18–30 years). In both countries, autistic adults were reported to have a hard time fitting into their communities. They often had no work, did not live on their own and had few close friends. Also, in both countries, caregivers reported that autistic adults felt low satisfaction with their life. Chinese adults were less satisfied with their life than Dutch adults, as indicated by their caregivers. This could be because of a lack of support for autistic adults in China, higher parental stress in Chinese caregivers, or general cross-country differences in happiness. Only in the Dutch group, younger compared with older adults fitted better into their communities, and adults without additional psychiatric conditions were reported to have higher life satisfaction. Country was a significant predictor of independent living only, with Dutch participants more likely living in care facilities than Chinese participants. In conclusion, our study shows that autistic adults with high support needs generally face similar challenges in both China and the Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microlasers hold great promise for the development of photonics and optoelectronics. At present, tunable microcavity lasers, especially regarding in situ dynamic tuning, are still the focus of research. In this study, we combined a 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) piezoelectric crystal with a Poly [9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl] (PFO) microring cavity to realize a high-quality, electrically tunable, whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser. The dependence of the laser properties on the diameter of the microrings, including the laser spectrum and quality (Q) value, was investigated. It was found that with an increase in microring diameter, the laser emission redshifted, and the Q value increased. In addition, the device effectively achieved a blueshift under an applied electric field, and the wavelength tuning range was 0.71 nm. This work provides a method for in situ dynamic spectral modulation of microcavity lasers, and is expected to provide inspiration for the application of integrated photonics technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes significant damage to the agricultural sector. We performed RNA-seq of 15 S. litura individuals from larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also compared the S. litura transcriptome data with Spodoptera frugiperda across the same developmental stages, which was sequenced in our previous study. Results: A total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that S. litura may undergo active xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism during its larval and adult stages, which may explain difficulties with current population control measures. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and development. However, energy and metabolic processes genes had a higher expression in S. litura, whereas nervous and olfactory function genes had a higher expression in S. frugiperda. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than in S. litura. Conclusions: Significant changes at transcriptional level were identified during the different development stages of S. litura. Importantly, we also identified detoxification associated genes and gut microbiota between S. litura and S. frugiperda at different developmental stages, which will be valuable in revealing possible mechanisms of detoxification and development in these two lepidopterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to accurately monitor chiral biological molecules is of great significance for their potential applications in disease diagnosis and virus detection. As the existing chiral detection technologies are mainly relying on an optical method by using left/right circularly polarized light, the universality is low and the operation is complicated. Moreover, large quantity of chiral molecules is required, causing low detection efficiency. Here, a self-assembled monolayer of polypeptides has been fabricated to realize trace detection of chirality based on spin selectivity of photon–electron interaction. We have utilized Kerr technique to detect the rotation angle by the molecular monolayer, which indicates the chirality of polypeptides. The chiral structure of a biological molecule could result in spin-selectivity of electrons and thus influence the interaction between electron spin and light polarization. A Kerr rotation angle of ∼3° has been obviously observed, equivalent to the magneto-optic Kerr effect without magnetic material or magnetic field. Furthermore, we have provided a novel solution to achieve chirality discrimination and amplification simultaneously through an optical fiber. The proposed design is applicable for chiral detection via increasing their differential output signal, which clearly demonstrates a useful strategy toward chirality characterization of biological molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triad3A elevation induced by STZ or HG stimulation leads to degradation of TLR9 K48-linked proteasomal ubiquitination, which impairs mitochondrial function and reduces the AMP/ATP ratio and inhibits the activation of AMPK and PGC-1, which in turn leads to oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis and other pathological changes. STZ: Streptozotocin; HG: High glucose; TLR9: Toll-like receptor 9; AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; AMPK: Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; PGC-1α: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α. [Display omitted] • Cardiac-specific TLR9 overexpression in diabetic mice relieved cardiac dysfunction, and remodeling. • TLR9 modulated energy metabolism in diabetes heart, but not canonical inflammatory signaling. • Triad3A can interact with TLR9 and promote its proteasomal degradation by catalyzing K48-linked ubiquitination. • PGC-1 and AMPK mediated TLR9's defense against diabetic cardiac damage and dysfunction. Targeted protein degradation represents a promising therapeutic approach, while diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) arises as a consequence of aberrant insulin secretion and impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart.. Considering that the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism, safeguarding cardiomyocytes, and influencing glucose uptake, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of TLR9 on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Mouse model of DCM was established using intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and mice were transfected with adeno-associated virus serotype 9-TLR9 (AAV9-TLR9) to assess the role of TLR9 in DCM. To explore the mechanism of TLR9 in regulating DCM disease progression, we conducted interactome analysis and employed multiple molecular approaches. Our study revealed a significant correlation between TLR9 expression and mouse DCM. TLR9 overexpression markedly mitigated cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in DCM, while inflammation levels remained relatively unaffected. Mechanistically, TLR9 overexpression positively modulated mitochondrial bioenergetics and activated the AMPK-PGC1a signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified Triad3A as an interacting protein that facilitated TLR9′s proteasomal degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination. Inhibiting Triad3A expression improved cardiac function and pathological changes in DCM by enhancing TLR9 activity. The findings of this study highlight the critical role of TLR9 in maintaining cardiac function and mitigating pathological alterations in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Triad3A-mediated regulation of TLR9 expression and function has significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of DCM. Targeting TLR9 and its interactions with Triad3A may hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Further research is warranted to fully explore the therapeutic potential of TLR9 modulation in the context of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerodynamic performance of the flow around a cylinder with two free ends, which is also referred to as a finite-length cylinder, continues to be a subject of rigorous academic inquiry. However, limited research has been conducted on finite-length cylinders with rough surfaces. To evaluate the impact of relative roughness on the aerodynamic performance of a finite-length cylinder, we performed numerical simulations on a cylinder model with an aspect ratio of 1.5 with various relative roughness values. These simulations covered a range of Reynolds numbers from 3.9 × 103 to 4.8 × 105. The results indicated that both the relative roughness and Reynolds number could affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the cylinder by altering the flow pattern around the cylinder. As the Reynolds number increased, the four spiral eddies behind the finite-length cylinder gradually lost their symmetry in the axial direction and eventually transformed into a pair of recirculating eddies. Moreover, when the Reynolds number was constant at 2.0 × 104, an increase in the surface roughness of the cylinder triggered the same phenomenon. Additionally, the mechanism by which the surface roughness affected the aerodynamic coefficient of a finite-length cylinder in the current Reynolds number range was revealed. This influence was mainly attributed to the impact of pressure on the backside of the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pulsed electrochemical technologies achieve efficient and low-cost sewage treatment by adjusting the output current mode. • Pulsed current can dynamically regulate the concentration of substances in the Nernst diffusion layer. • The waveform of pulsed current highly influence the process performance of wastewater. • Future prospect and directions of pulsed electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment were proposed. In wastewater treatment, conventional electrochemical technologies (ETs) suffer from several limitations, including a low Faraday efficiency, high energy consumption, and poor long-term performance. The implementation of pulsed electrochemical technologies (P-ETs), through the application of pulsed currents with periodically switching potentials, have been proved to be the effective means of enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency and mitigating energy consumption. There has been considerable interest in the field of P-ETs. However, a systematic review of this topic is currently absent. Here, a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art progress on P-ETs for wastewater treatment is discussed in detail. Pulsed electrocoagulation, pulsed electro-oxidation, pulsed electro-fenton, pulsed electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, pulsed electrodialysis and pulsed discharge plasma were classified for the first time based on their reaction mechanisms and system designs. Important operational and design parameters affecting the cost-effectiveness of all P-ETs were reviewed, including the fundamentals, applicable conditions and even optimization strategies for enhancing the process performance. Furthermore, the challenges encountered by P-ETs are presented, and effective strategies to overcome the key technical limitations are systematically proposed. Overall, the prospect of the P-ETs is attractive, and this review provides valuable insight into the systematic understanding and potential value of P-ETs in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peripheral immune response has been revealed to play a critical role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). However, the reliable immune-related factors that are acting as prognostic indicators or therapeutic targets for PVR remain to explore further. Methods: In the current study, we applied whole-transcriptome sequencing to profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PVR patients and also analyzed lncRNA-mRNA interactions in peripheral immune cells to explore the pathways that might mediate immunopathology and resultant retinal damage in PVR. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were employed to classify the function of these differentially expressed genes. Results: Compared to the controls, there were 319 genes upregulated, and 191 genes downregulated in PVR patients. GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses as well as IPA showed that these upregulated genes were significantly enriched in immune-related and infection-relate terms. Immune-related gene NFKBIA, CXCL2, and CXCL8 were detected as hub-genes in the co-expression network, while lncRNAs such as AC007032.1, AC037198.2, AL929472.2, and SLED1 were highly co-expressed with them. lncRNA-mRNA interactions analysis also showed that putative targeted genes of these differentially expressed lncRNAs were also significantly enriched in immune-related or infection-relate pathways. Conclusion: Our study highlights the transformation of immune-related genes/pathways in PVR by comparing controls, and validates several critical genes and lncRNAs, which are serving as potential diagnostic markers for PVR patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A (Lu,Y)2SiO5:Ce (LYSO) crystal, as a heavy inorganic scintillator, is currently in high demand for various applications in the fields of particle detection. However, its high refractive index (n = 1.83) gives restriction on the measurements of rare events or weak particle flow, where high energy resolution is urgently required for detectors based on the crystal. Utilizing the electron beam lithography technique and the ion beam lithography method, we have successfully prepared a 2.0 × 2.0 mm2 large area two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) structure on the LYSO crystal surface. Compared with the plain reference sample, the optical measurements show a 53% enhancement of light extraction for the LYSO nanostructured surface, and the resulted improvement of energy resolution (full width at half maximum) is measured to be 43.8% by gaussian fittings to the energy spectra excited by the 241Am α source. With the advantage of high-resolution patterning, high thermal stability, and firm stickiness on the substrate, the present prescription of the PhC fabrication is still favorable for some special fields (e.g., homeland security and space exploration) though the writing process is extremely time consuming and expensive to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing the self-assembly method, we have successfully prepared a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) of monolayer SiO2 spheres onto the Bismuth Germinate (Bi4Ge3O12, BGO) crystal and therefore supply another photonic crystal structure with the advantages of low-cost and large-area preparation to improve the light extraction efficiency of scintillator. A light extraction enhancement ratio up to 145.3% as compared the BGO coated by the PhC with the plain reference sample is observed and the underlying mechanism of scintillator light extraction is discussed in detail via a rigorous coupled-wave analysis calculation. The calculated transmission spectra and electric-field distribution exhibit the electric-field eigenmodes confined in SiO2 spheres resonating by the way of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) and becoming leaky modes due to the diffraction effect. Since almost no SiO2 nanospheres over the polystyrene spheres are immersed in preparation, we have demonstrated that the introduction of PhC structures using the SiO2 nanospheres onto the scintillator surface is an effective way to solve the light-trapping problem and therefore the design is very useful to be applied to the particle detection of radiation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elemental doping can improve the photocatalytic activity of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) under visible-light. In this study, sulfur and oxygen co-doped g-C3N4 (x% S-g-C3N4) was fabricated through thermal polymerization of macromolecular precursor obtained from hydrothermal pretreatment. The prepared photocatalysts, including g-C3N4, hydrothermally treated g-C3N4 (g-C3N4-HT), and x% S-g-C3N4, were analyzed under various conditions. Their ability to reduce Cr(VI) through photocatalytic reduction was evaluated comprehensively, taking into account the influence of catalyst dose, presence of inorganic anions, initial concentration and initial pH of Cr(VI) solution. The results showed that x% S-g-C3N4 (3% S-g-C3N4) possesses superior photocatalytic reduction activity to g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-HT, largely due to the co-doping. This co-doping strategy enhances the light harvesting capacity by modifying the electronic band structure of g-C3N4, and accelerates the excitons transfer and separation by optimizing its photoelectric properties. Additionally, the three-dimensional structure formed during preparation process enhances the stability and reusability of g-C3N4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel birdcage-like structure coating pseudocapacitive ZIF-67 is prepared. • Zinc ion and electrolyte free penetration and transportation are achieved. • Interfacial connection is enhanced by a simple photo-assisted method. • The pseudocapacitance reaction of pristine ZIF-67 is investigated. • Electrochemical performance is improved by synergistic structures and interfaces. Effective adjustment of structure and interface charge transfer ability of composite electrode materials are the key to improve the electrochemical performance of the zinc-ion capacitor. Herein, a novel 3D birdcage-like architecture composed of interactive carbon nanotube (CNT) network confining ZIF-67 is prepared though the infiltration–coating strategy, followed by a photo-assisted method to reinforce the coupling interaction between ZIF-67 and CNTs, which is directly used as an cathode of zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs). In terms of this composite, the birdcage-like structure with abundant voids facilitates the ionic/electrolyte transport and buffers the shrinkage/expansion of pseudocapacitive ZIF-67 during intercalation–conversion–deintercalation reactions. Moreover, the robust connection between the ZIF-67 and CNTs can effectively prevent structural deterioration and ensure the ion/electron transport between ZIF-67 and CNTs, thus resulting in a high Zn ion diffusion coefficient, which synergistically guarantees the rate capability and cyclic stability of ZICs. Consequently, the ZICs exhibit a high specific capacitance of 142.33F g−1 (0.5 A/g) and a high energy density of 44.5 Wh kg−1 (375 W kg−1). Furthermore, the ZICs shows excellent cycling stability (92.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A/g). Our work provides a novel design tactic to enhance the storage properties of zinc ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Parameter dependencies are obtained for a row of pulsating jets. • Heat transfer correlations are developed for a row of pulsating jets. • Two associated parameters SrRe 0.911(H/S)0.348 and SrRe (H/d)0.540(S/d)-0.248 are obtained to effectively scale the enhancements. • The conditions of heat transfer enhancement and reduction are obtained for the stagnation region and overall surface. The heat transfer characteristics of a row of pulsating jets feeding by a cooling tube have been investigated for an active clearance control system. Experimental tests were performed to explore the effects of the frequency (rectangular signal, 5–30 Hz), Reynolds number (6000–20,000), jet-to-surface spacing ratio (6–10), and jet-to-jet spacing ratio (3–9) on the Nusselt number of the pulsating jets and the relative enhancement coefficient compared with the steady jets. Results show that the streamwise-averaged Nusselt number of the pulsating jets increases with the increase of frequency (5–25 Hz) and Re. Its distribution along the X/d is gentler with the increase of H/d and S/d. Heat transfer correlations are developed and two associated parameters SrRe0.911(H/S)0.348 and SrRe(H/d)0.540(S/d)-0.248 are obtained to effectively scale the enhancements. Maximum enhancements for the stagnation region and wall jet region are 29.3% and 26.8%, respectively. The heat transfer on the overall surface can be strengthened in a wider range of conditions compared with the stagnation region, which contributes to the heat transfer uniformity in certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study investigates the behavior and fate of TiO 2 NPs in conventional water treatment (coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation) under the influence of waterborne phosphate, focusing on the phosphate uptake rate, surface interactions, and dispersion stability and removal efficiency of TiO 2 NPs. The adsorption of HPO 4 2− ions on TiO 2 NPs (i.e., surface complexation in solution) causes displacement of carbonate species. Moreover, adsorption experiments indicates that complexation of inorganic anions on the surfaces of TiO 2 NPs can occur rapidly, within a 5 min time frame. This study confirmed that phosphate would affect the surface charge of the TiO 2 NPs; thus, the bridging effect during coagulation may also be hindered by phosphate becoming attached to TiO 2 NP surfaces. This information will contribute to nanotechnology-related water safety and water treatment technology. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The behavior and fate of anatase NPs in the conventional water treatment process under the influence of waterborne phosphate were investigated. • The rate of phosphate uptake by the TiO 2 NPs, the interactions on the TiO 2 NP surface were clarified. • The dispersion stability and removal efficiency of TiO 2 NPs was determined quantitatively. • The first-hand information is highly expected to contribute to the nanotechnology-related water safety and water treatment technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Thermo-TRPs (temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential channels) belong to the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel superfamily. Emerging evidence implied that thermo-TRPs have been involved in regulation of cell fate in certain tumors. However, their distribution profiles and roles in melanoma remain incompletely understood. Methods. Western blot and digital PCR approaches were performed to identify the distribution profiles of six thermo-TRPs. MTT assessment was employed to detect cell viability. Flow cytometry was applied to test cell cycle and apoptosis. Calcium imaging was used to determine the function of channels. Five cell lines, including one normal human primary epidermal melanocytes and two human malignant melanoma (A375, G361) and two human metastatic melanoma (A2058, SK-MEL-3) cell lines, were chosen for this research. Results. In the present study, six thermo-TRPs including TRPV1/2/3/4, TRPA1, and TRPM8 were examined in human primary melanocytes and melanoma cells. We found that TRPV2/4, TRPA1, and TRPM8 exhibited ectopic distribution both in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Moreover, activation of TRPV2 and TRPV4 could lead to the decline of cell viability for melanoma A2058 and A375 cells. Subsequently, activation of TRPV2 by 2-APB (IC50 = 150 μM) induced cell necrosis in A2058 cells, while activation of TRPV4 by GSK1016790A (IC50 = 10 nM) enhanced apoptosis of A375 cells. Furthermore, TRPV4 mediated cell apoptosis of melanoma via phosphorylation of AKT and was involved in calcium regulation. Conclusion. Overall, our studies revealed that TRPV4 and TRPV2 mediated melanoma cell death via channel activation and characterized the mechanism of functional TRPV4 ion channel in regulating AKT pathway driven antitumor process. Thus, they may serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis and are targeted for the therapeutic use in human melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lysine-doped TiO 2 (LDT) nanomaterials with negatively shifted conduction bands and tunable mixed phase were prepared. • Novel band structures, mixed-phases, and surface defects endow LDT nanomaterials with promoting photocatalytic capabilities. • The lysine doping in TiO 2 nanomaterials boosted the redox capability in NADH generation, and performed as a reaction switch to enable the photodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol to proceed. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) possessing excellent visible light response and high separation efficiency of charges without sacrificing its redox ability predicts significant opportunities for an efficient solar energy conversion system. Herein, novel TiO 2 nanomaterials with upward-shifted conduction bands and tunable crystal phases were prepared by a lysine doping method. Lysine-doped TiO 2 (LDT) showed enhanced reduction potential, efficient charge separation, and improved visible-light absorption. As photocatalysts, LDTs exhibited boosting photocatalytic ability both in light-to-chemical conversion and in refractory pollutant degradation. They can convert visible light to chemical energy and store in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) independent of any electron mediator with a yield of ca. 90%, far beyond that of the undoped TiO 2 (13%). As for the refractory pollutant removal, compared to the negligible effect over the undoped TiO 2 and commercial titania P25, lysine doping in TiO 2 performs as a reaction switch to enable the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) to proceed. More than 80% of 4-CP was removed with a kinetic constant of 0.8801 h−1. This work presents a distinctive strategy to precisely control the structure of TiO 2 nanomaterials and provides a fresh insight into the structural and electronic modulation to promote their photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mechanisms and risk factors underlying ovarian cancer (OC) remain under investigation, making the identification of new prognostic biomarkers and improved predictive factors critically important. Recently, circulating metabolites have shown potential in predicting survival outcomes and may be associated with the pathogenesis of OC. However, research into their genetic determinants is limited, and there are some inadequacies in understanding the distinct subtypes of OC. In this context, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study aiming to provide evidence for the relationship between genetically determined metabolites (GDMs) and the risk of OC and its subtypes. Methods: In this study, we consolidated genetic statistical data of GDMs with OC and its subtypes through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary approach, with MR-Egger and weighted median methods employed for cross-validation to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the metabolites and OC risk. Moreover, a range of sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the results. MR-Egger intercept, and Cochran's Q statistical analysis were used to evaluate possible heterogeneity and pleiotropy. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to validate the findings. We also conducted a reverse MR analysis to validate whether the observed blood metabolite levels were influenced by OC risk. Additionally, metabolic pathway analysis was carried out using the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software. Results: In MR analysis, we discovered 18 suggestive causal associations involving 14 known metabolites, 8 metabolites as potential risk factors, and 6 as potential cancer risk reducers. In addition, three significant pathways, "caffeine metabolism," "arginine biosynthesis," and "citrate cycle (TCA cycle)" were associated with the development of mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC). The pathways "caffeine metabolism" and "alpha-linolenic acid metabolism" were associated with the onset of endometrioid ovarian cancer (OCED). Conclusions: Our MR analysis revealed both protective and risk-associated metabolites, providing insights into the potential causal relationships between GDMs and the metabolic pathways related to OC and its subtypes. The metabolites that drive OC could be potential candidates for biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally investigate gas pressure-dependent effect on the high harmonic generation (HHG) of Ar and N 2 gases in a tight focusing regime with near IR ultrafast laser fields. Different from a loose-focusing condition, the measured data show a shift of the pressure regime for phase matching towards to the lower pressure side with the increasing driven laser intensity. By comparing the results with a theoretical calculation based on the Constant’ one-dimensional model, we illustrate that this pressure dependence stems from the Gaussian beam phase gradient and atomic dipole phase which can become the key factors for phase matching in the tight focusing regime, interested in a high-repetition-rate coherent extreme-ultraviolet generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel reverse-polarity plasma torch (RPT) with transferred arc (TA) hot-wall nozzle was proposed to enhance the energy of the plasma jet and improve the heating and acceleration performance of the refractory ceramic particles during atmospheric plasma spraying, and was applied to prepare high-performance YSZ coatings. First of all, the two RPTs either with TA hot-wall nozzle or with non-transferred arc (NTA) hot-wall nozzle were designed carefully, and their electro-thermal characteristics were tested through experiments to analyze and compare their performance. Results showed that the RPT with TA hot-wall nozzle (TA-RPT) presented higher arc voltage, thermal efficiency and plasma jet mean enthalpy than those of the RPT with NTA hot-wall nozzle (NTA-RPT) and the conventional normal-polarity plasma torches. Subsequently, numerical simulation models of the TA-RPT and NTA-RPT were established to study the influence of the TA hot-wall nozzle on the current density, temperature and velocity distributions of the plasma jet. Results showed that the use of the TA hot-wall nozzle can significantly enhance the energy of the plasma jet, while maintain the temperature and velocity of the plasma jet at downstream region of the RPT exit at a higher level. Finally, YSZ coatings were prepared by the TA-RPT and NTA-RPT respectively at the same spraying parameters. Results showed that the TA-RPT sprayed coatings exhibited denser and more uniform microstructures, fewer defects such as large-scale pores and inter-laminar cracks, and higher deposition rate than those of the NTA-RPT sprayed coatings. Moreover, the porosity, surface roughness, microhardness, crack extension forces and stability of the mechanical properties of the TA-RPT sprayed coatings were superior to those of the NTA-RPT sprayed coatings. • A novel reverse-polarity plasma torch (RPT) with transferred (TA) arc hot-wall nozzle was proposed and designed in detail. • The TA-RPT exhibited distinguished electro-thermal performance compared with non-transferred arc plasma torches. • The TA hot-wall nozzle significantly enhanced the energy of the plasma jet generated by the RPT. • The TA-RPT sprayed YSZ coatings showed relatively low porosity and excellent mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different technologies for MPs treatment in aquatic environment were compared. • The mechanisms of EC removal of MPs were summarized. • Methods to improve the removal efficiency of MPs by EC were summarized. • The knowledge gaps and prospect of EC removal were proposed. Microplastics (MPs) are relatively stable and not easy to degrade, which poses a serious threat to the environment and biological health. MPs pollution is also listed as a global environmental problem alongside global climate change, ozone layer depletion, etc. Studying the environmental behavior and pollution status of MPs in water environments is of great significance for a comprehensive assessment of MPs in water. Furthermore, efforts to find an effective technology for aqueous removal of MPs requires urgent attention. Electrocoagulation (EC) technology is a promising water treatment technology for MPs removal with the advantages of high efficiency, simple operation and low sludge production. Unfortunately, the lack of a comprehensive summary on the mechanism of EC to remove MPs, the effects of experimental parameters and even how to strengthen this technology, limits its implementation on the industrial scale. Therefore, in this paper, we present reviews on the recent research progress of EC to remove MPs. The fundamentals of the EC process, the effect of its operating conditions (electrode materials, current density, supporting electrolyte, and pH) and the removal mechanism of MPs are highlighted. Moreover, the enhanced process of removing MPs from EC wastewater is also summarized, including reactor design, electrode design and combined processes. This review not only helps researchers and policy makers to gain deeper understanding of the specific processes and mechanism of EC to remove MPs in water, but also provides ideas and references for future research on enhanced removal of MPs in the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer (CC), as the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, is infamous for its high morbidity and mortality rates. Its development and metastasis are intricate because numerous signaling pathways are involved. Since the cancer and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are closely intertwined, direct inhibition of either the PI3K/Akt pathway or its target genes and molecules may be remarkably constructive for treatment. Albeit remarkable advances in the treatment of CC, existing common anti-cancer medications are not without problems. These problems include myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm, which are the most common and well-recognized toxicities associated with these medications. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop novel, potent, secure, and more reasonably priced anticancer medications that are void of the above problems. Against this backdrop, Chinese medicine monomers have received more attention in recent years owing to their safety, low toxicity, few side effects, and anti-tumor properties. By regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Chinese medicine monomers are effective not only in inhibiting CC growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and reversing drug resistance but also in a variety of targets. Most previous earlier studies focused on the use of a single traditional Chinese medicine monomer to treat CC by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway rather than a combination of several such monomers. More importantly, to our knowledge, there has hardly been any study providing an exhaustive and comprehensive review of all the Chinese medicine monomers at CC. In response to this scarcity, we attempt in this paper to provide a comprehensive review of all the literature to date on traditional Chinese medicine monomers at cervical cancer, highlight the mechanisms and future prospects for their use in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. [Display omitted] • The important role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cervical cancer have been summarized. • Chinese medicine monomers can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. • Chinese medicine monomers regulate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway are promising for the treatment of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the field of cancer, but its side effects on the heart hinder its clinical application. In cardiac injury caused by DOX, apoptosis and oxidative stress are both involved in cardiac damage, and autophagy is also one of the key responses. Both apoptosis and oxidative stress interact with autophagy. Proper promotion of autophagy effectively protects the myocardium and blocks cardiac injury. DOX mainly acts downstream of the autophagic flow and hinders the degradation process of autophagolysosomes, resulting in abnormal accumulation of autophagolysosomes in cells, which can prevent the timely removal of harmful substances and disrupt the normal function of cells. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) is involved in the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure regulation and the inflammatory response, but its role in DOX is still unclear. Here, we constructed cardiac PCSK6-overexpressing mice by injecting AAV9-PCSK6. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that overexpression of PCSK6 effectively protected cardiac function, inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress. We focused on the effect of PCSK6 overexpression on autophagy. We have detected an increase in autophagosomes production and a decrease in autophagolysosomes accumulation. This suggests that PCSK6 promotes the level of autophagy, while possibly acting on the sites where DOX inhibits degradation, so that the autophagic flux inhibited by DOX is restored and the degradation process of autophagolysosomes is restored. The effect of PCSK6 was dependent on FOXO3a, which promoted the nuclear translocation of Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulated the expression of FOXO3a. When SIRT1 was inhibited, the protective effect of PCSK6 was diminished. In conclusion, overexpression of PCSK6 exerts a protective effect through SIRT1/FOXO3a in cardiac injury induced by DOX, suggesting that PCSK6 may be a therapeutic target for DOX cardiomyopathy. [Display omitted] • PCSK6 protected the heart from long-term damage induced by DOX. • PCSK6 attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis levels, restored the autophagolysosome degradation process. • This protective effect of PCSK6 is achieved by regulating the SIRT1/FOXO3a signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Transition-metal doped titanate nanowire photocatalysts were successfully prepared via a facile ion-exchange process over titanate precursors. • Doping of V, Cr, Ni and Zn significantly enhanced adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity of titanate nanowires for RhB removal. • Dye adsorption in doped catalysts is enhanced due to doping induced large mesopores and small mesopores retained from pristine nanowires. • Doping induced Ti3+ ions, oxygen vacancies and superoxide radicals narrow the catalysts' optical bandgap and enhance its photocatalytic reactivity. Defect engineering through elemental doping is an efficient way to boost the performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, transition-metal (TM) doped titanate nanowires (TNWs) were prepared via ion-exchange over the titanate precursors and demonstrated for the Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The ion-exchange of selective ions (V5+, Cr3+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) with protons from pristine TNWs resulted in the hierarchical meso-porosity of nanowires with large pores of ∼5–20 nm by TM doping and small pores of ∼3.6–4.5 nm inherited from pristine TNWs, which facilitates the mass transfer while maintaining high surface area and active sites. Meanwhile, the TM intercalation partially reduces the Ti4+ to Ti3+ and narrows the optical bandgap, which, together with oxygen vacancies and superoxide radicals from pristine TNWs, enhance the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of RhB. This work helps to elucidate the effects of transition-metal doping and provides a rational strategy towards high performance titanate-based photocatalysts for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal biliquid aphron (CBLA) is a strong density modifier for dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for density modification and displacement is not yet clear. Here, a series of batch column and sandbox experiments were conducted to achieve substantial removal and irreversible density reduction of tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The mass of PCE retained in the column and sandbox was less than 1% under suitable injection conditions, and the density of PCE in the effluent was less than that of water (fluctuated in the range of 0.74–0.96 g/cm3). The displacement process was controlled by the high viscosity ratio of CBLA to PCE (52.3). The emulsified and dissolved phase of PCE formed after reaction with CBLA, and the light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) phase formed after injecting demulsifier solution. The phase analysis played a significant role in monitoring the changes in concentration and density of PCE. The density-modification displacement technique using CBLA reduced the mass of residual PCE by a factor of 165 compared to surfactant flushing, and there was no risk of downward migration of PCE. This study contributes to a better remediation of entrapped DNAPL in contaminated aquifer. [Display omitted] • The mechanisms of density-modification displacement (DMD) using colloidal biliquid aphron (CBLA) was proposed. • Phase distribution played a significant role in density and concentration during DMD. • The displacement process was controlled by the high viscosity ratio of CBLA to contaminant. • No more than 1% of the tetrachloroethylene remain in the sandbox by using CBLA. • The density of tetrachloroethylene in the effluent was less than that of water by using CBLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Electrocoagulation (EC) was developed to remove metronidazole from wastewater. • Response Surface Methodology optimized the operation conditions of EC. • The formation of reactive chlorine species were determined during EC process. • Two degradation pathways of metronidazole by reactive chlorine species were proposed. • Reactive chlorine species and floc adsorption mainly contributed to remove metronidazole during EC process. Electrocoagulation (EC) has been attracting increasing amounts of attention due to its ability to remove the pollutants in widespread wastewater. Chloride ions (Cl−) are the most commonly used electrolyte in the EC process. However, the role of the reactive chlorine species (RCS) generated near the electrode is often being underemphasised. In this study, the experiments focused on the generation of RCS and its contribution to the removal of metronidazole (MNZ) during EC. The present findings demonstrated the presence of Cl and ClO near the anode in solution, which dominated the degradation of MNZ. The MNZ decomposition pathways was proposed based on the generation of intermediate products. The toxicity of MNZ and its main degradation products was evaluated by Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) model and most of intermediates were less toxic than MNZ. Furthermore, the flocs could adsorb part of MNZ by characterizing the flocs using SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The contribution ratio of the flocs adsorption and the RCS oxidation for removing MNZ were 57.30% and 41.70%, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the operation parameters. The present work reveals a new mechanism of EC and manifest good potential for removing antibiotics from chloride-containing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high heating temperature and low cost, atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) has been widely used in the preparation of ceramic coatings, but its coatings are normally formed by the stacked splats from fully or partially melted feedstock particles, which inevitably leads to some pores, unbonded interfaces or cracks. Thus, in this paper, a novel atmospheric plasma spraying technique using a reverse-polarity plasma torch (RPT) with extended hot-wall nozzle was proposed to fully melt and accelerate feedstock particles for the preparation of dense YSZ ceramic coatings. Firstly, the RPT spray system was designed in detail, and its main electro-thermal characteristics were experimentally studied. The results showed that the RPT exhibited higher arc voltage, thermal efficiency and lower arc voltage fluctuation than that of traditional rod-cathode/normal-polarity plasma torches (NPT) at the similar output power. Secondly, a numerical simulate was carried out to reveal the effect of the extended hot-wall nozzle on the temperature and velocity distributions of the plasma jet. The results showed that the extended hot-wall nozzle remarkably extended the high-temperature and high-velocity region of the plasma jet from the RPT exit to the downstream. Finally, the dense and uniform YSZ coatings with a porosity of about 5.3% were successfully prepared by the RPT with extended hot-wall nozzle. The results showed that the YSZ coating exhibited denser microstructure and fewer defects than that of the coating prepared by traditional APS process. Meanwhile, the hardness and Young's modulus of the YSZ coating were 11.9 ± 1.4 GPa and 197.9 ± 29.4 GPa, respectively, which were relatively higher than that of the coating prepared by traditional APS process, and were very close to that of the coating prepared by very low-pressure plasma spraying (VLPPS) process. • A novel Reverse-Polarity plasma torch (RPT) with extended hot-wall nozzle was designed to enhance the heating and acceleration ability of plasma jet to ceramic powder. • The RPT exhibited distinguished performance as contrasted with traditional plasma spraying torches. • The extended hot-wall nozzle remarkably extended the high-energy region of the plasma jet. • The YSZ coatings with high density and high mechanical properties were successfully deposited by RPT with extended hot-wall nozzle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnO 2 is an effective adsorbent for many metal ions and a promising electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors. In this paper, we successfully combined the two functions through preparing a MnO 2 /carbon fiber (CF) composite as an electrosorptive electrode. The thin MnO 2 film was deposited onto CF by an anodic eletrodeposition method. The MnO 2 /CF electrodes had ideal pseudocapacitive behavior and high capacitive reversibility. The specific capacitance of the MnO 2 /CF electrode reached a maximum value of 387 F/g, which is quite competitive compared with literature values. At 0.8 V applied potential, the maximum Cu 2+ adsorption capacity of the MnO 2 /CF electrode was 172.88 mg/g, which is more than 2 times higher than common MnO 2 adsorbents without an electric field imposed. SEM images showed that MnO 2 nanoflowers with several “petals” were uniformly distributed on the CF surface. Enhancement of adsorption by the polarization potential and the unique microstructure of the deposited MnO 2 may be the source of the outstanding adsorption ability of the MnO 2 /CF electrode. The MnO 2 /CF electrode could be regenerated quickly by reversing the voltage. The deposition time of 1000 s was optimum for achieving maximum capacitance and Cu 2+ removal performance. The MnO 2 /CF composite electrosorptive electrode is a promising candidate for Cu 2+ removal from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helitrons, a novel type of mysterious DNA transposons discovered computationally prior to bench work confirmation, are components ubiquitous in most sequenced genomes of various eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi. There is a paucity of empirical evidence to elucidate the mechanism of Helitrons transposition in plants. Here, by constructing several artificial defective Helitron (dHel) reporter systems, we aim to identify the autonomous Helitrons (aHel) in maize genetically and to demonstrate the transposition and repair mechanisms of Helitrons upon the dHel-GFP excision in maize. When crossing with various inbred lines, several transgenic lines produced progeny of segregated, purple-blotched kernels, resulting from a leaky expression of the C1 gene driven by the dHel-interrupted promoter. Transcription analysis indicated that the insertion of different dHels into the C1 promoter or exon would lead to multiple distinct mRNA transcripts corresponding to transgenes in the host genome. Simple excision products and circular intermediates of dHel-GFP transposition have been detected from the leaf tissue of the seedlings in F1 hybrids of transgenic lines with corresponding c1 tester, although they failed to be detected in all primary transgenic lines. These results revealed the transposition and repair mechanism of Helitrons in maize. It is strongly suggested that this reporter system can detect the genetic activity of autonomic Helitron at the molecular level. Sequence features of dHel itself, together with the flanking regions, impact the excision activity of dHel and the regulation of the dHel on the transcription level of the host gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of deep learning, the neural network becomes an efficient approach for eddy detection. However, previous work employs a traditional neural network with a focus on improving the detecting accuracy only using limited data under a single scenario. Meanwhile, the experience of detecting eddies from one experiment is not directly inherited from the detection model for other experiments. Therefore, a cross-domain submesoscale eddy detection neural network (CDEDNet) based on the high-frequency radar (HFR) data of the Nansan and Xuwen region is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a fundamental deep eddy detection architecture CDEDNet-0 is constructed with a fully convolutional network (FCN). Secondly, for solving the problem of insufficient labeled eddy data, an instance-based domain adaption method is adopted in CDEDNet-1 to increase training samples. Thirdly, for tackling the problem of unable to inherit previous detection experience, parameter-based transfer learning is incorporated in CDEDNet-2 for multi-scene eddy detection. The experiment results demonstrate CDEDNet-1 and CDEDNet-2 perform better than CDEDNet-0 in terms of accuracy. Meanwhile, eddy characteristics including eddy type, radius, occurring time, merger, and dynamic trajectory are analyzed for the Nansan and Xuwen regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Current studies on the relationship between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore their association. Methods. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Wanfang Database) were searched for relevant studies published before December 2021. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis were performed using Stata software 16.0. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. Results. A total of 12 studies were included in 9 literatures, comprising 4,634 cases of ovarian cancer and 7,381 controls. After Bonferroni correction, the meta-analysis showed an association between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk in the heterozygote model and the dominant model (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.88 , 95 % CI = 0.81 -0.96, P = 0.003 ; GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 0.89 , 95 % CI = 0.82 -0.96, P = 0.004). In an ethnically stratified subgroup analysis, XRCC3 rs861539 was shown to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in Caucasian in the heterozygote model and the dominant model (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.88 , 95 % CI = 0.81 -0.96, P = 0.004 ; GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 0.88 , 95 % CI = 0.81 -0.96, P = 0.004). In the control source and detection method stratified subgroup analysis, hospital-based studies and PCR-RFLP-based studies were found to increase ovarian cancer risk (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.30 , 95 % CI = 1.05 -1.62, P = 0.016 ; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.31 , 95 % CI = 1.06 -1.62, P = 0.013). Conclusion. This meta-analysis showed a significant association between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk, especially in Caucasians. Large-scale multicenter case-control studies in more different regions will be needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Electrodeposited amorphous IrOx thin electrodes are first developed for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells. An ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm−2 archives superior performance to catalyst-coated membrane (2 mg cm−2). > 96% of catalyst savings and > 42-fold higher catalyst utilization are demonstrated. Herein, ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide (IrOx) thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs) via low-cost, environmentally friendly, and easily scalable electrodeposition at room temperature. Combined with a Nafion 117 membrane, the IrOx-integrated electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm−2 delivers a high cell efficiency of about 90%, achieving more than 96% catalyst savings and 42-fold higher catalyst utilization compared to commercial catalyst-coated membrane (2 mg cm−2). Additionally, the IrOx electrode demonstrates superior performance, higher catalyst utilization and significantly simplified fabrication with easy scalability compared with the most previously reported anodes. Notably, the remarkable performance could be mainly due to the amorphous phase property, sufficient Ir3+ content, and rich surface hydroxide groups in catalysts. Overall, due to the high activity, high cell efficiency, an economical, greatly simplified and easily scalable fabrication process, and ultrahigh material utilization, the IrOx electrode shows great potential to be applied in industry and accelerates the commercialization of PEMECs and renewable energy evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a hybrid cavity designed to manipulate lasing modes, consisting of a metal-dielectric core–shell hybrid microcavity fabricated using a simple brush-coating method. Single and multiple modes can be obtained in the proposed laser device by the trade-off between loss and gain. Moreover, we achieve electrically tunable whispering-gallery-mode lasing by employing the thermo-optic effect in the hybrid microcavity. The lasing peak of the modes can be electrically tuned by quantitative control of Joule heating. We measure a tuning rate of 15.3 pm/J for all the lasing peaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oceanic eddy is a common natural phenomenon that has large influence on human activities, and the measurement and detection of offshore eddies are significant for oceanographic research. The previous classical detecting methods, such as the Okubo–Weiss algorithm (OW), vector geometry algorithm (VG), and winding angles algorithm (WA), not only depend on expert's experiences to set an accurate threshold, but also need heavy calculations for large detection regions. Differently from the previous works, this paper proposes a deep eddy detection neural network with pixel segmentation skeleton on high frequency radar (HFR) data, namely, the deep eddy detection network (DEDNet). An offshore eddy detection dataset is firstly constructed, which has origins from the sea surface current data measured by two HFR systems on the South China Sea. Then, a spatial globally optimum and strong detail-distinguishing pixel segmentation network is presented to automatically detect and localize offshore eddies in a flow chart. An eddy detection network based on fully convolutional networks (FCN) is also presented for comparison with DEDNet. Experimental results show that DEDNet performs better than the FCN-based eddy detection network and is competitive with the classical statistics-based methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10-oxo-5-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) propyl)-5,10-dihydroindeno [1,2-b] indol-9-yl propionate (LS-2-3j) is a new chemically synthesized indole compound and some related analogues are known to be inhibitors (such as alectinib and Ko143) of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, especially the ABC transporter subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and the ABC transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). This study aimed to evaluate the multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal effects and associated mechanisms of LS-2-3j in drug-resistant cancer cells. The inhibition of cell proliferation in tested agents was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Accumulation or efflux of chemotherapy drugs was analyzed by flow cytometry. The ATPase activity was measured using an ATPase activity assay kit. The mRNA transcripts and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. In this connection, LS-2-3j significantly enhanced the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs in MDR cells and could significantly increase the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MITX) by inhibiting the function of the efflux pumps in ABCB1- or ABCG2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, reduced ATPase activity, mRNA transcription, and protein expression levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2 were observed in a concentration dependent manner in MDR cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a "silent killer" that threatens women's lives and health, ovarian cancer (OC) has the clinical characteristics of being difficult to detect, difficult to treat, and high recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be utilized as a long-term complementary and alternative therapy since it has shown benefits in alleviating clinical symptoms of OC, decreasing toxic side effects of radiation and chemotherapy, as well as enhancing patients' quality of life. This paper reviews how TCM contributes to the apoptosis of OC cells through signaling pathways, including active constituents, extracts, and herbal formulas, with the aim of providing a basis for the development and clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in OC. The search was conducted from scientific databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases aiming to elucidate the apoptosis signaling pathways in OC cells by TCM. The articles were searched by the keywords "ovarian cancer", "apoptosis", "signaling pathway", "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal monomer", "Chinese herbal extract", and "herbal formula". The search was conducted from January 2013 to June 2023. A total of 97 potentially relevant articles were included, including 93 articles on Chinese medicine active constituents or extracts and 4 articles on Chinese herbal compound prescriptions. TCM can induce apoptosis in OC cells by regulating signaling pathways with obvious advantages, including STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, HIF-1α, Fas/Fas L signaling pathway, etc. Chinese medicine can induce apoptosis in OC cells through multiple pathways, targets, and routes. TCM has special advantages for treating OC, providing more reasonable evidence for the research and development of new apoptosis inducers. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Proposing CBLA as a remediation reagent for contaminated heterogeneous aquifers. • Pore-scale remediation simulation of organic pollutants with two-phase flow. • CBLA could improve the sweeping and extraction efficiency for PCE. • CBLA could improve the mobility and emulsification of PCE droplets. • The remediation efficiency of PCE was almost 100% at sandbox and micromodel scale. The heterogeneity of the aquifer seriously affects the remediation efficiency of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) due to the low contact efficiency for remediation reagents and DNAPL at macro scale and the restricted moving of DNAPL droplets by capillary forces in pore at micro scale. In this work, colloidal biliquid aphron (CBLA) as a remediation reagent was proposed, it has the rheological properties of shear thinning and the ultra-low interfacial tension between DNAPL. This work investigated the mechanisms and efficiencies of remediation DNAPL-contaminated heterogeneous aquifers using CBLA by sandbox and micromodel scale. The results indicated that CBLA could improve the mass transfer efficiency by both increasing the sweeping and extraction efficiency. The remediation efficiency of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in aquifers with different permeability was above 99 % in sandbox, with the highest effluent concentration of 1.89 × 105 mg/L. Furthermore, at micromodel scale, CBLA could raise the remediation efficiency by improving the mobility and emulsification of PCE droplets. There was no PCE residue in the fine pore throats, and the remediation efficiency was 99.49 % in micromodel experiment and simulation. This work provided a promising remediation reagent for removing DNAPL from heterogeneous aquifers and laid a theoretical foundation for its practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyslipidemia and inflammation are significant factors for the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); however, studies regarding their interactions on the risk of CVD are scarce. This study aimed to assess the interaction of dyslipidemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on CVD. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 4,128 adults at baseline in 2009 and followed them up until May 2022 for collecting CVD events. Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations of increased hs-CRP (≥ 1 mg/L) and dyslipidemia with CVD. The additive interactions were explored using the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) and the multiplicative interactions were assessed with HRs (95% CI) while the multiplicative interactions were assessed by the HRs (95% CI) of interaction terms. Results: The HRs of the association between increased hs-CRP and CVD were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.14–1.79) and 1.17 (95% CI: 0.89–1.53) among subjects with normal lipid levels and subjects with dyslipidemia, respectively. Stratified analyses by hs-CRP levels showed that among participants with normal hs-CRP (< 1 mg/L), TC ≥ 240 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL, non-HDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL, ApoB < 0.7 g/L, and LDL/HDL-C ≥ 2.02 were associated with CVD [HRs (95%CIs): 1.75 (1.21–2.54), 2.16 (1.37–3.41), 1.95 (1.29–2.97), 1.37 (1.01–1.67), and 1.30 (1.00-1.69), all P < 0.05, respectively]. While in the population with increased hs-CRP, only ApoAI > 2.10 g/L had a significant association with CVD [HR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.14–2.51)]. Interaction analyses showed that increased hs-CRP had multiplicative and additive interactions with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL and non-HDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL on the risk of CVD [HRs (95%CIs): 0.309 (0.153–0.621), and 0.505 (0.295–0.866); RERIs (95%CIs): -1.704 (-3.430-0.021 and − 0.694 (-1.476-0.089), respectively, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion: Overall our findings indicate negative interactions between abnormal blood lipid levels and hs-CRP on the risk of CVD. Further large-scale cohort studies with trajectories measurement of lipids and hs-CRP might verify our results as well explore the biological mechanism behind that interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dyslipidemia and inflammation are significant factors for the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); however, studies regarding their interactions on the risk of CVD are scarce. This study aimed to assess the interaction of dyslipidemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) on CVD. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 4,128 adults at baseline in 2009 and followed them up until May 2022 for collecting CVD events. Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations of increased hs-CRP (≥ 1 mg/L) and dyslipidemia with CVD. The additive interactions were explored using the relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) and the multiplicative interactions were assessed with HRs (95% CI) while the multiplicative interactions were assessed by the HRs (95% CI) of interaction terms. Results: The HRs of the association between increased hs-CRP and CVD were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.14–1.79) and 1.17 (95% CI: 0.89–1.53) among subjects with normal lipid levels and subjects with dyslipidemia, respectively. Stratified analyses by hs-CRP levels showed that among participants with normal hs-CRP (< 1 mg/L), TC ≥ 240 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL, non-HDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL, ApoB < 0.7 g/L, and LDL/HDL-C ≥ 2.02 were associated with CVD [HRs (95%CIs): 1.75 (1.21–2.54), 2.16 (1.37–3.41), 1.95 (1.29–2.97), 1.37 (1.01–1.67), and 1.30 (1.00-1.69), all P < 0.05, respectively]. While in the population with increased hs-CRP, only ApoAI > 2.10 g/L had a significant association with CVD [HR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.14–2.51)]. Interaction analyses showed that increased hs-CRP had multiplicative and additive interactions with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL and non-HDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL on the risk of CVD [HRs (95%CIs): 0.309 (0.153–0.621), and 0.505 (0.295–0.866); RERIs (95%CIs): -1.704 (-3.430-0.021 and − 0.694 (-1.476-0.089), respectively, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion: Overall our findings indicate negative interactions between abnormal blood lipid levels and hs-CRP on the risk of CVD. Further large-scale cohort studies with trajectories measurement of lipids and hs-CRP might verify our results as well explore the biological mechanism behind that interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]