Search

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab (VDZ) and infliximab (IFX) for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) patients through a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Methods All patients with moderate to severe UC who were naive to biologic agents and treated with IFX or VDZ for at least 14 weeks at 3 hospitals in Southwest China between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. The efficacy evaluation indicators, including steroid-free clinical remission rates, clinical remission rates and endoscopic remission rates at weeks 14 and 52 were compared between the 2 groups. The occurrence of adverse events during treatment were recorded. Taking whether mucosal healing could be achieved after 14 and 52 weeks of treatment as the dependent variable, firstly, univariate analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors affecting mucosal healing at weeks 14 and 52, and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent risk factors of mucosal healing at the 2 time points. Results A total of 151 patients with moderate to severe UC were included, after propensity score matching (PSM), each group included 57 patients. There were no significant differences in the steroid-free clinical remission rate and clinical remission rate between the 2 groups at weeks 14 and 52 (P>0.05). The endoscopic remission rate at week 14 was significantly higher in the VDZ group than the IFX group [40.4% (23/57) vs 22.8% (13/57), P=0.044], but no such difference was observed at week 52 [64.5% (20/31) vs 59.5% (22/37), P=0.669]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left-sided disease (E2) [vs pancolitis (E3)](OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.21~0.98, P=0.045) was independent risk factor for mucosal healing at week 14 and a disease duration ≥36 months (OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.09~0.66, P=0.005) was independent risk factor for mucosal healing at week 52. No statistical difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups (1.8% vs 7.0%, P=0.360). Conclusion VDZ and IFX have similar efficacy and safety, and both can be used as first-line options for patients with moderate to severe UC.

PurposeTotal and regional body composition are important indicators of health and mortality risk, but their measurement is usually restricted to controlled environments in clinical settings with expensive and specialized equipment. A method that approaches the accuracy of the current gold standard method, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while only requiring input from widely available consumer grade equipment, would enable the measurement of these important biometrics in the wild, enabling data collection at a scale that would have previously been prohibitive in time and expense. We describe an algorithm for predicting three-dimensional (3D) body shape and composition from a single frontal 2-dimensional image acquired with a digital consumer camera.MethodsDuplicate 3D optical scans, two-dimensional (2D) optical images, and DXA whole-body scans were available for 183 men and 233 women from the Shape Up! Adults Study. A principal component analysis vector basis was fit to 3D point clouds of a training subset of 152 men and 194 women. The relationship between this vector space and DXA-derived body composition was modeled with linear regression. The principal component 3D shape was then fitted to match a silhouette extracted from a 2D photograph of a novel body. Body composition was predicted from the resulting 3D shape match using the linear mapping between the principal component parameters and the DXA metrics. Accuracy of body composition estimates from the silhouette method was evaluated against a simple model using height and weight as a baseline, and against DXA measurements as ground truth. Test-retest precision of the silhouette method was evaluated using the duplicate 2D optical images and compared against precision of the duplicate DXA scans. Paired t-tests were performed to detect significant differences between the sets.ResultsResults were reported on a held-out set. Body composition prediction achieved R2 s of 0.81 and 0.74 for percent fat prediction of males and females, respectively, on a held-out test set consisting of 31 males and 39 females. Precision estimates for fat mass were 2.31% and 2.06% for males and females, respectively, compared to 1.26% and 0.68% for DXA scans. The t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences between the silhouette method measurements and DXA measurements, or between retests.ConclusionTotal and regional body composition measures can be estimated from a single frontal photograph of a human body. Body composition prediction using consumer level photography can enable early screening and monitoring of possible physiological indicators of metabolic disease in regions where medical imagery or clinical assessment is inaccessible.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the accuracy and precision of three-dimensional optical (3DO) whole-body scanning for automated anthropometry and estimating total and regional body composition.MethodsHealthy children and adolescents (n = 181, ages 5-17 years) were recruited for the Shape Up! Kids study. Each participant underwent whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 3DO scans; multisite conventional tape measurements served as the anthropometric criterion measure. 3DO body shape was described using automated body circumference, length, and volume measures. 3DO estimates were compared with criterion measures using simple linear regression by the stepwise selection method.ResultsOf the 181 participants, 112 were used for the training set, 49 were used for the test set, and 20 were excluded for technical reasons. 3DO body composition estimates were strongly associated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures for percent body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass (R2 : 0.83, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively). 3DO provided reliable measurements of fat mass (coefficient of variation, 3.30; root mean square error [RMSE], 0.53), fat-free mass (coefficient of variation, 1.34; RMSE, 0.53 kg), and percent body fat (RMSE = 1.2%).Conclusions3DO surface scanning provides accurate and precise anthropometric and body composition estimates in children and adolescents with high precision. 3DO is a safe, accessible, and practical method for evaluating body shape and composition in research and clinical settings.