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The confinement effects within coordination cages present powerful tools in modern chemistry, particularly for the synthesis and manipulation of complex molecules. This concept article reviews the use of coordination cages to stabilize and tune the properties of polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of nano‐sized metallic clusters, expanding the focus beyond traditional organic reactions. The article provides a brief overview of coordination cages, POM chemistry and discusses the encapsulation of POMs in coordination cages, highlighting how these cages provide a confinement effect that enhances the stability and reactivity of POMs. Additionally, the concept of cavity‐directed synthesis is explored as a method for creating labile POMs, which are often unstable in aqueous conditions, underlining its implications for supramolecular catalysis. Future research will focus on expanding the structures and applications of encapsulated POMs, as well as improving cage designs to unlock new cluster architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular functional materials can be used to overcome some of the most challenging tasks in materials science, where the dynamic nature of supramolecular interactions can be leveraged to fine‐tune the properties of the material for a given task. The Lindqvist hexavanadate family of polyoxometalates (POMs) have emerged as particularly interesting candidates to be used in supramolecular materials due to their redox and Lewis acid properties that enable their application in the fields of energy conversion/storage or catalysis. Despite their promising potential, hexavanadate clusters are underrepresented in the field of supramolecular materials, mainly due to the synthetic challenges related to their inherent reactivity. In this work, pillar[5]arene was successfully grafted onto a Lindqvist hexavanadate and the resulting structure was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), presenting the first example of a crystal structure of a POMcovalently functionalized with a pillar[5]arene. By introducing a ditopic guest molecule that could interlink pillar[5]arene moieties, host–guest interactions were leveraged as the driving force for the formation of supramolecular assemblies incorporating hexavanadate clusters in a controlled manner. The enhanced catalytic performance of the resulting aggregates confirmed their potential application as functional catalytic materials. This novel approach for developing hexavanadate‐based catalysts reported here showcases the potential of using host–guest interactions as a means to introduce catalytically active metal‐oxo clusters into supramolecular frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial microenvironments inside coordination cages have gained significant attention for performing enzyme‐like catalytic reactions by facilitating the formation of labile and complex molecules through a "ship‐in‐a‐bottle" approach. Despite many fascinating examples, this approach remains scarcely explored in the context of synthesizing metallic clusters such as polyoxometalates (POMs). The development of innovative approaches to control and influence the speciation of POMs in aqueous solutions would greatly advance their applicability and could ultimately lead to the formation of elusive clusters that cannot be synthesized by using traditional methods. In this study, we employ host–guest stabilization within a coordination cage to enable a novel cavity‐directed synthesis of labile POMs in aqueous solutions under mild conditions. The elusive Lindqvist [M6O19]2− (M=Mo or W) POMs were successfully synthesized at room temperature via the condensation of molybdate or tungstate building blocks within the confined cavity of a robust and water‐soluble Pt6L4(NO3)12 coordination cage. Importantly, the encapsulation of these POMs enhances their stability in water, rendering them efficient catalysts for environmentally friendly and selective sulfoxidation reactions using H2O2 as a green oxidant in a pure aqueous medium. The approach developed in this paper offers a means to synthesize and stabilize the otherwise unstable metal‐oxo clusters in water, which can broaden the scope of their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 33 antibodies have been reported to be present in various connective tissue diseases (CTDs), the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs is still obscure. This study was performed to explore the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 565 patients with positive anti-nuclear antibodies who had been tested for anti-RA33 were included in this study and were further classified into RA33-positive and RA33-negative groups. The association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs was examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic value of anti-RA33 in SLE and SLE-related organ involvement. The results showed that SLE was the most common disease in CTD patients positive for anti-RA33 (48.8%). Compared with the RA33-negative group, higher proportions of SLE-associated antibodies and SLE patients with a high disease activity as well as lower levels of serum complement components were observed in the RA33-positive group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CTD patients with positive anti-RA33 were more likely to suffer from mucocutaneous and hematological involvement as well as interstitial lung disease (all p < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve value of 0.634 (95% confidence interval: 0.587–0.681) for anti-RA33 in the diagnosis of SLE, with a specificity and sensitivity of 92.9% and 13.5%, respectively. Taken together, this study reveals a significant association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs, especially SLE, indicating a potential clinical significance of anti-RA33 in the management of SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐covalent interactions are important for directing protein folding across multiple intermediates and can even provide access to multiple stable structures with different properties and functions. Herein, we describe an approach for mimicking this behavior in the self‐assembly of metal–organic cages. Two ligands, the bend angles of which are controlled by non‐covalent interactions and one ligand lacking the above‐mentioned interactions, were synthesized and used for self‐assembly with Pd2+. As these weak interactions are easily broken, the bend angles have a controlled flexibility giving access to M2(L1)4, M6(L2)12, and M12(L2)24 cages. By controlling the self‐assembly conditions this process can be directed in a stepwise fashion. Additionally, the multiple endohedral hydrogen‐bonding sites on the ligand were found to play a role in the binding and discrimination of neutral guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A semiconducting organic‐inorganic hybrid compound [(C6H15ClNO)2CdBr4] (1), which displays excellent switchable dielectric, has been successfully synthesized. Systematic characterizations including variable‐temperature structural analyses, DSC, TG, variable‐temperature dielectric measurements, solid‐state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence were performed. DSC curve shows a couple of reversible heat anomaly peaks at 363/322 K on the heating/cooling process with a very large thermal hysteresis of ∼41 K, indicating the first‐order type of phase transition. Obvious dielectric switching occurs at about 364 K and 314 K also with a large thermal hysteresis of ∼50 K in the heating and cooling process, respectively. The large phase transition thermal hysteresis makes 1 a potential latent heat based thermal energy storage materials which can maintain the system over a wide temperature range. Variable‐temperature structural analyses show that the rotating or orientating movement of anion clusters is the mainly attribution for the phase transition of 1. A semiconducting organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide [(C6H15ClNO)2CdBr4] exhibits switchable dielectric and a large phase transition thermal hysteresis of ∼50 K due to temperature‐triggered rotating or orientating movement of anion clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the first example of concentration-triggered helicate-to-tetrahedron transformation in supramolecular lanthanide edifices, along with their highly efficient and selective luminescence sensing properties toward PA at the ppb level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

R. J. Sternberg have been engaged in the field of intelligence research for years, and has put forward the theories of triarchic intelligence and successful intelligence, which have exerted significant influences in the contemporary field of intelligence studies. The triarchic theory of intelligence surpasses the traditional IQ theory in that it not only deepens our understanding of the nature of intelligence but also makes it easier to guarantee the validity and fairness for the tests. The theory of successful intelligence is success-oriented, i. e. regarding success as the criterion for intelligence test; it emphasizes the probability of training and development of intelligence, and enhances the possibility of predicting the people's future success according to their intelligence. Therefore, it makes a complete transcendence over the traditional IQ theories in that it gives a better description for the actual structure of intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 33 antibodies have been reported to be present in various connective tissue diseases (CTDs), the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs is still obscure. This study was performed to explore the clinical significance of anti-RA33 in CTDs, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 565 patients with positive anti-nuclear antibodies who had been tested for anti-RA33 were included in this study and were further classified into RA33-positive and RA33-negative groups. The association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs was examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to explore the diagnostic value of anti-RA33 in SLE and SLE-related organ involvement. The results showed that SLE was the most common disease in CTD patients positive for anti-RA33 (48.8%). Compared with the RA33-negative group, higher proportions of SLE-associated antibodies and SLE patients with a high disease activity as well as lower levels of serum complement components were observed in the RA33-positive group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, CTD patients with positive anti-RA33 were more likely to suffer from mucocutaneous and hematological involvement as well as interstitial lung disease (all p < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve value of 0.634 (95% confidence interval: 0.587-0.681) for anti-RA33 in the diagnosis of SLE, with a specificity and sensitivity of 92.9% and 13.5%, respectively. Taken together, this study reveals a significant association between anti-RA33 and the clinical features of CTDs, especially SLE, indicating a potential clinical significance of anti-RA33 in the management of SLE.

Non-covalent interactions are important for directing protein folding across multiple intermediates and can even provide access to multiple stable structures with different properties and functions. Herein, we describe an approach for mimicking this behavior in the self-assembly of metal-organic cages. Two ligands, the bend angles of which are controlled by non-covalent interactions and one ligand lacking the above-mentioned interactions, were synthesized and used for self-assembly with Pd 2+ . As these weak interactions are easily broken, the bend angles have a controlled flexibility giving access to M 2 (L1) 4 , M 6 (L2) 12 , and M 12 (L2) 24 cages. By controlling the self-assembly conditions this process can be directed in a stepwise fashion. Additionally, the multiple endohedral hydrogen-bonding sites on the ligand were found to play a role in the binding and discrimination of neutral guests., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

We report here the first example of concentration-triggered helicate-to-tetrahedron transformation in supramolecular lanthanide edifices, along with their highly efficient and selective luminescence sensing properties toward PA at the ppb level.