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Abstract Background Previous studies on the effects of aging in human and mouse mesenchymal stem cells suggest that a decline in the number and differentiation potential of stem cells may contribute to aging and aging-related diseases. In this report, we used stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue (ADSCs) of young (8-10 weeks), adult (5 months), and old (21 months) mice to test the hypothesis that mechanical loading modifies aging-related changes in the self-renewal and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of these cells. Results We show that aging significantly reduced the proliferation and increased the adipogenesis of ADSCs, while the osteogenic potential is not significantly reduced by aging. Mechanical loading (10% cyclic stretching, 0.5 Hz, 48 h) increased the subsequent proliferation of ADSCs from mice of all ages. Although the number of osteogenic colonies with calcium deposition was increased in ADSCs subjected to pre-strain, it resulted from an increase in colony number rather than from an increase in osteogenic potential after strain. Pre-strain significantly reduced the number of oil droplets and the expression of adipogenic marker genes in adult and old ADSCs. Simultaneously subjecting ADSCs to mechanical loading and adipogenic induction resulted in a stronger inhibition of adipogenesis than that caused by pre-strain. The reduction of adipogenesis by mechanical strain was loading-magnitude dependent: loading with 2% strain only resulted in a partial inhibition, and loading with 0.5% strain could not inhibit adipogenesis in ADSCs. Conclusions We demonstrate that mechanical stretching counteracts the loss of self-renewal in aging ADSCs by enhancing their proliferation and, at the same time, reduces the heightened adipogenesis of old cells. These findings are important for the further study of stem cell control and treatment for a variety of aging related diseases.

The CO2absorption capacities of potassium glycinate, potassium sarcosinate (choline, proline), mono-ethanolamine (MEA), and tri-ethanolamine were evaluated to find the optimal absorbent for separating CO2from gaseous products by a CO2purification process. The absorption loading, desorption efficiency, cost, and environmental tolerance were assessed to select the optimal absorbent. MEA was found to be the optimum absorbent for separating the CO2and H2mixture in gaseous product. The maximum absorption loading rate was 0.77 mol CO2per mol MEA at temperature of 20°C and absorbent concentration of 2.5 mol/L, whereas desorption efficiency was 90% by heating for 3 h at 130°C. MEA was found to be an optimal absorbent for the purification process of CO2during gaseous production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid treated rice straw hydrolysate was used as a substrate hydrogen production. Concentrated sulphuric acid (55%) was used to completely dissolve the rice straw cellulose at temperature of 40 °C. After hydrolysis of rice straw cellulose, calcium hydroxide was used to remove sulphate ions. Biohydrogen production was evaluated under different initial pH and substrate concentration conditions at a temperature of 37 °C in a batch mode. The maximum values of hydrogen yield and accumulation of hydrogen were 0.44 mol H2/mol T-sugar and 97.30 ± 0.17 mL with substrate utilization of 81.55% in a batch mode. A mixture of food industry wastewater with rice straw hydrolysate was used as substrate in a continuous mode for the biohydrogen production potential test in this study. The average hydrogen production yield of 0.69 mol H2/mol T-sugar was 1.5 times higher than that in the batch mode while the hydrogen production rate was 10 ± 1.17 L/d/L. The presence of bacteria Clostridium pasteurianum which favours the production of hydrogen from of acetic acid and butyric acid was determined by DGGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new oleanane-type triterpenoid, 3β-acetyl-15α-hydroxy-oleanane-13β,28-olide (1), and a new clerodane furanoditerpenoid, cnidophyllin A (2), together with 11 known compounds (3-13) were isolated and identified from the 95% ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of Croton cnidophyllus. Except for compounds 3 and 7, all other compounds were isolated for the first time from C. cnidophyllus. The structures of the new compounds were ascertained through a comprehensive application of spectroscopic techniques, including both one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, while their absolute configurations were validated either through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis or via electronic circular dichroism calculations. Meanwhile, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of 8 has been reported for the first time. Additionally, the in vivo anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities of compounds 3-13 were assessed using the Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathology model. Among all the isolated compounds, compounds 4 and 7-13 significantly delayed the paralysis of the worms with AD-like symptoms, which may be potential candidates for anti-AD drugs., (© 2025 Wiley‐VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT.