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Introduction The sea buckthorn {Hippophae L., Elaeagnaceae) genus contains deciduous perennial shrubs or trees and includes 6 species and 12 subspecies (Bartish et al. 2002; Swenson and Bartish 2002). All [...], Sea buckthorn (Hippophae L.) is a woody, outcrossing dioecious pioneer plant, being widely planted as a new berry crop with rich nutritional and medicinal compounds. This long-juvenile and long-lived woody plant can be more difficult to cultivate than other crop plants. Dried-shrink disease (DSD) is a dangerous pathogen that destroys sea buckthorn and halts commercial production. We estimated variability of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in 77 accessions of 22 sea buckthorn cultivars to seek markers associated with DSD resistance and help to identify potential breeding cultivars. Seventeen SRAP primer combinations generated 289 bands, with a mean of 17 bands per primer combination. At a Dice coefficient of 0.852, the dendrogram generated with 191 polymorphic bands clustered 73 accessions of Hippophae rhamnoides into 2 groups and 4 accessions of Hippophae salicifolia into 1 group. Eleven SRAP markers ([Me1-Em3.sub.600], [Me1-Em1.sub.680], [Me2-Em1.sub.650], [Me2-Em1.sub.950], [Me3-Em61.sub.300], [Me2- Em6.sub.320], [Me2-Em6.sub.400], [Me1-Em2.sub.600], [Me1-Em1.sub.200], [Me1-Em1.sub.700], [Me2-Em2.sub.250]) were significantly correlated with DSD resistance (P < 0.001). These markers provide a viable option for breeding programs that select lineages with DSD resistance, especially when no other genetic information, such as linkage maps and quantitative trait loci, are available. Key words: cluster analysis, disease index, genetic relationship, SRAP markers, Hippophae L.. L'argousier (Hippophae L.) est une plante pionniere ligneuse, dioique, allofecondee qui est largement plantee en tant que nouvelle culture fruitiere riche en composes nutritifs et medicinaux. Cette plante ligneuse presente une phase juvenile longue. est tres perenne et elle peut s'averer plus difficile a cultiver que d'autres cultures. La << dried- shrink disease >> (DSD) est une maladie causee par un agent pathogene dangereux qui detruit l'argousier et peut faire cesser la production commerciale. Les auteurs ont mesure la variabilite genetique a l'aide de marqueurs SRAP (<< sequence-related amplified polymorphism >>) chez 77 accessions parmi 22 cultivars de l'argousier afin de trouver des marqueurs associes a la resistance a la DSD et pour ainsi aider a identifier des cultivars pour des fins de selection. Dix-sept combinaisons d'amorces SRAP ont genere 289 amplicons, soit une moyenne de 17 amplicons par paire d'amorces. A un coefficient de Dice de 0,852, le dendrogramme genere avec 191 amplicons polymorphes a groupe les 73 accessions de I'H. rhamnoides en deux groupes el les quatre accessions de l'H. salicifolia au sein d'un groupe, Onze marqueurs SRAP (Me1-Em3600, Me1-Eml680, Me2-Eml650, Me2-Eml950, Me3-Em61300, Me2-Em6320, Me2-Em6400, Me1-Em2600, Me1-Eml 1200, Me1-Eml 1700, Me2-Em2250) etaient signilicativemenl correles avec la resistance a la DSD (P < 0,001). Ces marqueurs fournissent un outil utile pour les programmes de selection visant la resistance a la DSD, d'autant plus qu'aucune autre information, com me des cartes genet iques ou des QTL, n'est disponible. Mots-cles : analyse de groupement, indice de maladie, parente genetique, marqueurs SRAP, Hippophae L. [Traduit par la Redaction]

We reported previously that the protein SB401 from Solanum berthaultii binds to and bundles both microtubules and F-actin. In the current study, we investigated the regulation of SB401 activity by its phosphorylation. Our experimental results showed that the phosphorylation of SB401 by casein kinase II (CKII) downregulates the activities of SB401, namely the bundling of microtubules and enhancement of the polymerization of tubulin. However, phosphorylation of SB401 had no observable effect on its bundling of F-actin. Further investigation using extract of potato pollen indicated that a CKII-like kinase may exist in potato pollen. Antibodies against CKII alpha recognized specifically a major band from the pollen extract and the pollen extract was able to phosphorylate the SB401 protein in vitro. The CKII-like kinase showed a similar ability to downregulate the bundling of microtubules. Our experiments demonstrated that phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of SB401 activity. We propose that this phosphorylation may regulate the effects of SB401 on microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen)-based cationic lipids with asymmetric double hydrophobic tails (cholesteryl and long aliphatic chains) were designed and synthesized. Lysine was chosen as a linking moiety in the molecular backbone. The liposomes formed from 8 and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) could bind and condense plasmid DNA into nanoparticles under a low N/P ratio. These nano-scaled lipoplexes have low cytotoxicity, and might efficiently transfect A549 cells. In vitro transfection results revealed that all cationic lipids showed a comparable or better transfection efficiency (TE) than commercially available Lipofectamine 2000. The length and saturation degree of the aliphatic chain would affect their gene transfection performance, and the linoleic acid-containing 8e could give the best TE.

Following the development of clinical trials, the methodology of clinical trials has developed a great deal, including randomization method and blinding method, etc. The method of randomization includes simple randomization, stratification randomization, etc. Dynamic randomization is also considered as a method of randomization. Two dynamic randomization methods are introduced in this paper, including a method considering the balance of numbers in each group and a method considering prognostic factors. This paper also demonstrates the procedure of dynamic randomization of the above two methods by simulations and actual examples.