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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the risk of dyspepsia and anorexia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) hypoglycemic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched papers in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang, Embase and VIP databases, and the retrieval time limit was set from the establishment of the database to May 2023. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were collected in which the subjects were T2DM patients, the intervention was GLP-1RA compared with placebo or traditional hypoglycemic drugs, and the outcome indicators included dyspepsia and anorexia. A meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis were performed. RESULTS: The results of the traditional meta-analysis showed that the risk of dyspepsia and anorexia of total GLP-1 RA was 3.01 and 2.56 times that of placebo, respectively. All types of GLP-1RA were compared with placebo and the results also showed a trend towards increased risk of digestive system adverse events (DSAEs). Among all interventions included, liraglutide was the one with the highest risk of dyspepsia in patients with T2DM, and dulaglutide was the one with the highest risk of anorexia. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the two meta-analyses are consistent, and both clearly show that GLP-1RA can increase the risk of dyspepsia and anorexia in T2DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct conversion of CO2 to aromatics is an effective strategy for simultaneously achieving carbon neutrality and its resource utilization. However, it is a great challenge to efficient CO2 conversion to high value-added aromatics due to the chemical inertness and characteristics of multi-path conversion of CO2. In this work, a series of nanosized ZSM-5 zeolites [NZ5(x)] with different acid amount and strength were synthesized by a seed-induced template-free method via changing the initial gel composition. The Cr2O3 nanoparticle was prepared by simple precipitation method. The performance of the Cr2O3/NZ5(x) bifunctional catalysts composed of Cr2O3 and nano-ZSM-5 zeolites with different acidity, and mixed Cr2O3 with NZ5 (50) by different ways in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction was investigated. The Cr2O3/NZ5(50) catalyst with suitable acidity and closest metal-acid site distance exhibit the highest aromatics selectivity of 87.2% among all hydrocarbon products at CO2 single-pass conversion of 13.6%, which is due to the synergistic effect between the acid sites of the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite and metal sites provide by Cr2O3 with abundant oxygen vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate streamflow estimation remains a great challenge although diverse modeling techniques have been developed during recent decades. In contrast to the process based models, the empirical data driven methods are easy to operate, require low computing capacity and yield fairly accurate outcomes, among which the state space (STATE) approach takes use of the temporal structures inherent in streamflow series and serves as a feasible solution for streamflow estimation. Yet this method has rarely been applied, neither its comparison with other methods. The objective was to compare the performance of an autoregressive STATE approach to the traditional multiple linear regression and artificial neural network in simulating annual streamflow series of 15 catchments located in the Loess Plateau of China. Annual data of streamflow (Q), precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) during 1961 ~ 2013 were collected. The results show that STATE was generally the most accurate method for Q estimation, explaining almost 90% of the total variance averaged over all the 15 catchments. The estimation of streamflow relied on its own of the previous year for most catchments. Besides, the impacts of P and PET on the temporal distribution of streamflow were almost equal. Missing data were estimated using the STATE method, which allowed inter annual trend analysis of the streamflow. Significant downward trends were manifested at all the 15 catchments during the study period and the corresponding slopes ranged from 0.24 to 1.71 mm/y. These findings hold important implications for hydrological modelling and management in China's Loess Plateau and other arid and semi-arid regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal quality evolution of AlN films via high-temperature (HT) annealing under nitrogen is investigated. It is found that the best crystal quality can be realized using an optimized combination of the annealing temperature at 1700 °C and an AlN thickness of 540 nm, respectively. Thus the X-ray diffraction ̉-scan full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 59 and 284 arcsec for (0002) and (101̅2) diffractions were achieved, respectively. It is verified that the significant reduction in the threading dislocation density (TDD) via HT annealing starts from the interface zone between AlN and sapphire anterior to the zone far from the interface, which is caused by less energy being required to decrease the larger twist angle among the columns in the interface zone. Benefiting from the low-TDD annealed AlN template, the internal quantum efficiency of the 282-nm AlGaN-based multiple quantum wells reached 57% at 300 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of microRNA-31 (miR-31) in osteosarcoma and the molecular mechanism of miR-31 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the expression of microRNA- 31 in human osteosarcoma tissues. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze the correlation between microRNA-31 and clinicopathological features. Proliferation, migration, invasion, and PI3K3C2A protein in treated osteosarcoma cells were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay without Matrigel, transwell assay with Matrigel, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: qRT-PCR showed that miR-31 was down-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with paired para-tumor bone tissues. The lower level of miR-31 was closely associated with high-grade osteosarcoma, metastasis, and poor overall survival. CCK-8 and transwell assay showed that miR-31 inhibited osteosarcoma cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. According to luciferase assay, miR-31 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through inhibiting PIK3C2A. Reversely, overexpression of PIK3C2A inhibited partial effect of miR-31 on proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-31 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting PICK3C2A. MiR-31 can thus be used as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]