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The research aimed to analyze the cation-anion composition of the soil solution in dark-grey podzolized soil under the influence of long-term anthropogenic factors. Over the extended application of both mineral and organic fertilizers, changes in the cation-anion composition of the soil were observed, depending on the dosage of mineral fertilizers and their distribution within the soil profile. When the amount of mineral fertilizers was increased from 265 kg NPK per hectare to 397 kg per hectare, a noticeable decrease in soil solution pH was observed, with pH levels dropping to 6.1 and 6.0, as compared to the control variant without any fertilizer application, which exhibited a pH of 6.3. The application of mineral fertilizers and manure additionally enriched the soil with ions of organic and inorganic acids, what became the reason for the redistribution between mobile and immobile forms of calcium and magnesium in the direction of increase of their mobility beyond the soil profile. The greatest accumulation of sulphate was observed at a depth of 160-280 cm due to the migration of their water-soluble forms. The main quantity of chlorine was moved and accumulated in the soil layer of 120-280 cm, and the increase of mineral fertilizers increased the content of chlorine in the aeration zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a study that examined the impact of agrochemicals on the levels of surfactants in soil. Specifically, the study found that the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides led to an increase in the levels of anionic surfactants (ASA) in the soil. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of fertilizers and pesticides had a greater effect on ASA levels than either factor alone. The use of pesticides also led to an increase in non-ionic surfactants (NSA), while the use of fertilizers resulted in a decrease in NSA levels. The study also found that the increase in the levels of mobile forms of key nutrients in the soil was associated with the accumulation of ASA in lower layers of the soil profile. The amount of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen under the low protection system increased by 3.0-23.2 mg kg-1 soil, mobile phosphorus by 14.0-144.0 mg P2O5, and exchangeable potassium by 9.0-222.0 mg K2O per kg soil, compared to the control. With the complex use of fertilizers and pesticides in one block, a trend of increasing mobile forms of nutrients in the soil was observed. The distribution of ASA amount in the soil profile is descending. The clear presence of ASA was established only in the soil layer of 0-40 cm. An increase of ASA content in the soil due to the use of agrochemicals and fertilizers is observed up to a depth of 60-80 cm. Using biological elements in agriculture significantly reduces the amount of these substances in the soil profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]