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7,270 results on '"Litton, A"'

1. Text2TimeSeries: Enhancing Financial Forecasting through Time Series Prediction Updates with Event-Driven Insights from Large Language Models

Author

Kurisinkel, Litton Jose, Mishra, Pruthwik, and Zhang, Yue

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Time series models, typically trained on numerical data, are designed to forecast future values. These models often rely on weighted averaging techniques over time intervals. However, real-world time series data is seldom isolated and is frequently influenced by non-numeric factors. For instance, stock price fluctuations are impacted by daily random events in the broader world, with each event exerting a unique influence on price signals. Previously, forecasts in financial markets have been approached in two main ways: either as time-series problems over price sequence or sentiment analysis tasks. The sentiment analysis tasks aim to determine whether news events will have a positive or negative impact on stock prices, often categorizing them into discrete labels. Recognizing the need for a more comprehensive approach to accurately model time series prediction, we propose a collaborative modeling framework that incorporates textual information about relevant events for predictions. Specifically, we leverage the intuition of large language models about future changes to update real number time series predictions. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach on financial market data., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

3. Discovering Decision Manifolds to Assure Trusted Autonomous Systems

Author

Litton, Matthew, Drusinsky, Doron, and Michael, James Bret

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Developing and fielding complex systems requires proof that they are reliably correct with respect to their design and operating requirements. Especially for autonomous systems which exhibit unanticipated emergent behavior, fully enumerating the range of possible correct and incorrect behaviors is intractable. Therefore, we propose an optimization-based search technique for generating high-quality, high-variance, and non-trivial data which captures the range of correct and incorrect responses a system could exhibit. This manifold between desired and undesired behavior provides a more detailed understanding of system reliability than traditional testing or Monte Carlo simulations. After discovering data points along the manifold, we apply machine learning techniques to quantify the decision manifold's underlying mathematical function. Such models serve as correctness properties which can be utilized to enable both verification during development and testing, as well as continuous assurance during operation, even amidst system adaptations and dynamic operating environments. This method can be applied in combination with a simulator in order to provide evidence of dependability to system designers and users, with the ultimate aim of establishing trust in the deployment of complex systems. In this proof-of-concept, we apply our method to a software-in-the-loop evaluation of an autonomous vehicle.

Published
2024

4. Conservative or liberal oxygen targets in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Author

Burrell, Aidan, Bailey, Michael J., Bellomo, Rinaldo, Buscher, Hergen, Eastwood, Glenn, Forrest, Paul, Fraser, John F., Fulcher, Bentley, Gattas, David, Higgins, Alisa M., Hodgson, Carol L., Litton, Edward, Martin, Emma-Leah, Nair, Priya, Ng, Sze J., Orford, Neil, Ottosen, Kelly, Paul, Eldho, Pellegrino, Vincent, Reid, Liadain, Shekar, Kiran, Totaro, Richard J., Trapani, Tony, Udy, Andrew, Ziegenfuss, Marc, and Pilcher, David

Published
2024
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5. Neoadjuvant talazoparib in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation-positive, early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: exploration of tumor BRCA mutational status

Author

Telli, Melinda L., Litton, Jennifer K., Beck, J. Thaddeus, Jones, Jason M., Andersen, Jay, Mina, Lida A., Brig, Raymond, Danso, Michael, Yuan, Yuan, Symmans, William F., Hopkins, Julia F., Albacker, Lee A., Abbattista, Antonello, Noonan, Kay, Mata, Marielena, Laird, A. Douglas, and Blum, Joanne L.

Published
2024
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6. Multiparametric MRI–based radiomic models for early prediction of response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer

Author

Mohamed, Rania M., Panthi, Bikash, Adrada, Beatriz E., Boge, Medine, Candelaria, Rosalind P., Chen, Huiqin, Guirguis, Mary S., Hunt, Kelly K., Huo, Lei, Hwang, Ken-Pin, Korkut, Anil, Litton, Jennifer K., Moseley, Tanya W., Pashapoor, Sanaz, Patel, Miral M., Reed, Brandy, Scoggins, Marion E., Son, Jong Bum, Thompson, Alastair, Tripathy, Debu, Valero, Vicente, Wei, Peng, White, Jason, Whitman, Gary J., Xu, Zhan, Yang, Wei, Yam, Clinton, Ma, Jingfei, and Rauch, Gaiane M.

Published
2024
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8. Controllable Multi-document Summarization: Coverage & Coherence Intuitive Policy with Large Language Model Based Rewards

Author

Kurisinkel, Litton J and chen, Nancy F

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Memory-efficient large language models are good at refining text input for better readability. However, controllability is a matter of concern when it comes to text generation tasks with long inputs, such as multi-document summarization. In this work, we investigate for a generic controllable approach for multi-document summarization that leverages the capabilities of LLMs to refine the text. In particular, we train a controllable content extraction scheme to extract the text that will be refined by an LLM. The scheme is designed with a novel coverage and coherence intuitive policy, which is duly rewarded by a passively trained LLM. Our approach yields competitive results in the evaluation using ROUGE metrics and outperforms potential baselines in coherence, as per human evaluation.

Published
2023

9. LLM Based Multi-Document Summarization Exploiting Main-Event Biased Monotone Submodular Content Extraction

Author

Kurisinkel, Litton J and Chen, Nancy F.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Multi-document summarization is a challenging task due to its inherent subjective bias, highlighted by the low inter-annotator ROUGE-1 score of 0.4 among DUC-2004 reference summaries. In this work, we aim to enhance the objectivity of news summarization by focusing on the main event of a group of related news documents and presenting it coherently with sufficient context. Our primary objective is to succinctly report the main event, ensuring that the summary remains objective and informative. To achieve this, we employ an extract-rewrite approach that incorporates a main-event biased monotone-submodular function for content selection. This enables us to extract the most crucial information related to the main event from the document cluster. To ensure coherence, we utilize a fine-tuned Language Model (LLM) for rewriting the extracted content into a coherent text. The evaluation using objective metrics and human evaluators confirms the effectiveness of our approach, as it surpasses potential baselines, demonstrating excellence in both content coverage, coherence, and informativeness.

Published
2023

10. Correction: Conservative or liberal oxygen targets in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Author

Burrell, Aidan, Bailey, Michael J., Bellomo, Rinaldo, Buscher, Hergen, Eastwood, Glenn, Forrest, Paul, Fraser, John F., Fulcher, Bentley, Gattas, David, Higgins, Alisa M., Hodgson, Carol L., Litton, Edward, Martin, Emma-Leah, Nair, Priya, Ng, Sze J., Orford, Neil, Ottosen, Kelly, Paul, Eldho, Pellegrino, Vincent, Reid, Liadain, Shekar, Kiran, Totaro, Richard J., Trapani, Tony, Udy, Andrew, Ziegenfuss, Marc, and Pilcher, David

Published
2024
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12. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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13. Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months

Author

Hodgson, Carol, Fulcher, Bentley, Linke, Natalie, Board, Jasmin, Buhr, Heidi, Cooper, Jamie, Fraser, John, Bernard, Stephen, Brodie, Daniel, Pilcher, David, Fan, Eddy, Udy, Andrew, Gattas, David, Pellegrino, Vincent, Hopper, Ingrid, Litton, Ed, Nair, Priya, Orford, Neil, Parke, Rachael, Stub, Dion, Higgins, Alisa M., Burrell, Aidan, McGuiness, Shay, Reddi, Benjamin, Trapani, Tony, Huckson, Sue, Anderson, Shannah, Dicker, Craig, Jones, Annalie, Martin, Emma, McCracken, Phoebe, Sheldrake, Jayne, Vallance, Shirley, Young, Meredith, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Eastwood, Glenn, Hilton, Andrew, Peck, Leah, Dyett, John, Hunter, Stephanie, Liew, Cheelim, Heard, Joshua, Lijo, Sebastian, Nourse, Mary, Rai, Sumeet, Singh, Manoj, Veerendra, Hemanth, Xu, Tina, Barrett, Jonathan, Brooks, Kyle, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Allen, Chris, Bizzell, Samantha, Eroglu, Ege, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Bersten, Andrew, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Comerford, Sharon, Grear, Laura, McIntyre, Joanne, Jin, Xia, Wiersema, Ubbo, Figures, Dee, Gough, Maimoonbe, Pitman, Julie, Tallott, Mandy, Winearls, James, Brieva, Jorge, Hopkins, Madeleine, Jayarman, Nanda, Poulter, Amber-Louise, Quarello, Kate, Aneman, Anders, Austin, Danielle, McCanny, Peter, Miller, Jennene, Murfin, Brendan, Cox, Yolanda, Guo, Stephanie, Shehabi, Yayha, Brown, Amanda, Butt, Pamela, Bushell, Rachel, Lavana, Jayshree, Lockwood, Dawn, Pearce, India, Salt, Gavin, Thambiraj, Solomon, Howard, Meg, Joyce, Chris, Meyer, Jason, Walsham, James, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, O'Connor, Stephanie, Rivett, Justine, Yap, Joannies, Bristow, Debra, Pincus, Jason, Stuart, Janine, Anstey, James, Barge, Deborah, Butler, Menoly, Gebbie, Bradley, Bass, Frances, Janin, Pierre, Hammond, Naomi, Potger, Kieron, Yarad, Elizabeth, Carey, Ruaidhri, Coles, Jennifer, Totaro, Richard, Anstey, Matthew, Endemann, Anthadene, Hardy, Sarah, Popa, Roxana, Richards, Stephen, Rock, Lara, Wibrow, Bradley, Barbazza, Leanne, Dixon, Barry, Holmes, Jennifer, Hurune, Patricia, O'Brien, Yvette, Buscher, Hergen, Newman, Sally, Reynolds, Claire, Henson, Gail, Senthuran, Siva, Win, April, Breguet, Samantha, Horton, Michelle, McCaffrey, Joe, Trickey, Jemma, Bannerjee, Ashoke, Davidson, Benjamin, Joy, Jenyfer, Kong, Jing, Ertugrul, Atacan D., Neto, Ary Serpa, Fulcher, Bentley J., Charles-Nelson, Anaïs, Bailey, Michael, Burrell, Aidan J.C., Board, Jasmin V., Cooper, D. James, Fraser, John F., Gattas, David J., Hopper, Ingrid K., Linke, Natalie J., Litton, Edward, McGuinness, Shay P., Parke, Rachael L., Pellegrino, Vincent A., Pilcher, David V., Udy, Andrew A., Reddi, Benjamin A.J., Trapani, Tony V., and Hodgson, Carol L.

Published
2024
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14. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity.

Author

Delavaux, Camille, LaManna, Joseph, Myers, Jonathan, Phillips, Richard, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Baker, Matthew, Baltzer, Jennifer, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman, Brockelman, Warren, Burslem, David, Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle, Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert, Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen, Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick, Johnson, Daniel, Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew, Litton, Creighton, Lutz, James, Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, OBrien, Michael, Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey, Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina, Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark, Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George, Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess, Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel, Crowther, Thomas, Averill, Colin, and Gilbert, Gregory|Greg

Subjects
Mycorrhizae, Feedback, Symbiosis, Plants, Soil
Abstract

One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.

Published
2023

15. Standardized Definitions for Efficacy End Points in Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer Clinical Trials: NeoSTEEP.

Author

Tolaney, Sara, Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth, Amiri-Kordestani, Laleh, Basho, Reva, Best, Ana, Boileau, Jean-Francois, Denkert, Carsten, Foster, Jared, Harbeck, Nadia, Jacene, Heather, King, Tari, Mason, Ginny, OSullivan, Ciara, Prowell, Tatiana, Richardson, Andrea, Sepulveda, Karla, Smith, Mary, Tjoe, Judy, Turashvili, Gulisa, Woodward, Wendy, Butler, Lynn, Schwartz, Elena, Korde, Larissa, Litton, Jennifer, Regan, Meredith, Pusztai, Lajos, and Rugo, Hope

Subjects
Humans, Female, Breast Neoplasms, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Research Design, Progression-Free Survival
Abstract

PURPOSE: The Standardized Definitions for Efficacy End Points (STEEP) criteria, established in 2007 and updated in 2021 (STEEP 2.0), provide standardized definitions of adjuvant breast cancer (BC) end points. STEEP 2.0 identified a need to separately address end points for neoadjuvant clinical trials. The multidisciplinary NeoSTEEP working group of experts was convened to critically evaluate and align neoadjuvant BC trial end points. METHODS: The NeoSTEEP working group concentrated on neoadjuvant systemic therapy end points in clinical trials with efficacy outcomes-both pathologic and time-to-event survival end points-particularly for registrational intent. Special considerations for subtypes and therapeutic approaches, imaging, nodal staging at surgery, bilateral and multifocal diseases, correlative tissue collection, and US Food and Drug Administration regulatory considerations were contemplated. RESULTS: The working group recommends a preferred definition of pathologic complete response (pCR) as the absence of residual invasive cancer in the complete resected breast specimen and all sampled regional lymph nodes (ypT0/Tis ypN0 per AJCC staging). Residual cancer burden should be a secondary end point to facilitate future assessment of its utility. Alternative end points are needed for hormone receptor-positive disease. Time-to-event survival end point definitions should pay particular attention to the measurement starting point. Trials should include end points originating at random assignment (event-free survival and overall survival) to capture presurgery progression and deaths as events. Secondary end points adapted from STEEP 2.0, which are defined from starting at curative-intent surgery, may also be appropriate. Specification and standardization of biopsy protocols, imaging, and pathologic nodal evaluation are also crucial. CONCLUSION: End points in addition to pCR should be selected on the basis of clinical and biologic aspects of the tumor and the therapeutic agent investigated. Consistent prespecified definitions and interventions are paramount for clinically meaningful trial results and cross-trial comparison.

Published
2023

16. Data navigation on the ENCODE portal

Author

Kagda, Meenakshi S., Lam, Bonita, Litton, Casey, Small, Corinn, Sloan, Cricket A., Spragins, Emma, Tanaka, Forrest, Whaling, Ian, Gabdank, Idan, Youngworth, Ingrid, Strattan, J. Seth, Hilton, Jason, Jou, Jennifer, Au, Jessica, Lee, Jin-Wook, Andreeva, Kalina, Graham, Keenan, Lin, Khine, Simison, Matt, Jolanki, Otto, Sud, Paul, Assis, Pedro, Adenekan, Philip, Douglas, Eric, Li, Mingjie, Miyasato, Stuart, Zhong, Weiwei, Luo, Yunhai, Myers, Zachary, Cherry, J. Michael, and Hitz, Benjamin C.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

Spanning two decades, the Encyclopaedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a collaborative research project that aims to identify all the functional elements in the human and mouse genomes. To best serve the scientific community, all data generated by the consortium is shared through a web-portal (https://www.encodeproject.org/) with no access restrictions. The fourth and final phase of the project added a diverse set of new samples (including those associated with human disease), and a wide range of new assays aimed at detection, characterization and validation of functional genomic elements. The ENCODE data portal hosts results from over 23,000 functional genomics experiments, over 800 functional elements characterization experiments (including in vivo transgenic enhancer assays, reporter assays and CRISPR screens) along with over 60,000 results of computational and integrative analyses (including imputations, predictions and genome annotations). The ENCODE Data Coordination Center (DCC) is responsible for development and maintenance of the data portal, along with the implementation and utilisation of the ENCODE uniform processing pipelines to generate uniformly processed data. Here we report recent updates to the data portal. Specifically, we have completely redesigned the home page, improved search interface, added several new pages to highlight collections of biologically related data (deeply profiled cell lines, immune cells, Alzheimer's Disease, RNA-Protein interactions, degron matrix and a matrix of experiments organised by human donors), added single-cell experiments, and enhanced the cart interface for visualisation and download of user-selected datasets.

Published
2023

17. A dose‐adjusted, open‐label, pilot study of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of STC3141 in critically ill patients with sepsis

Author

Rinaldo Bellomo, John Patava, Ruth Van Lancker, Nathalie Layios, Marijke Peetermans, Mark Plummer, Rachid Attou, Robert McNamara, Andrew Udy, Bradley Wibrow, Adam Deane, Edward Litton, Marcel Tanudji, Fuhong Su, Zhang Zhong, Linda Shi, and Li Ning

Subjects
histones, inflammatory response, NETs, sepsis, small molecule polyanion, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Abstract Increased circulating histones correlate with sepsis severity and are a potential therapeutic target. Pre‐clinical studies showed benefit with a histone‐neutralizing polyanion molecule (STC3141). We aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of STC3141 in critically ill patients with sepsis. We studied 26 patients with sepsis divided into four cohorts of one, five, ten, and ten subjects, respectively. We conducted a dose‐adjusted, open‐label study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of STC3141 administered as an IV infusion for up to 72 h, with rate adjusted to estimated creatinine clearance. Four steady‐state concentrations were targeted. Twenty of the 26 subjects (77%) in the study experienced at least one adverse event (AE). The most frequently reported study drug‐related AE was a mildly prolonged aPTT (four events). Only one AE (pulmonary hemorrhage) led to discontinuation of the drug. After excluding patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) patients, clearance ranged from 3.3 to 4.2 L/h across cohorts and was essentially completely renal in nature. Half‐life values ranged from 5 to 7 h. The mean (±SD) terminal half‐life for non‐RRT subjects and for whom it was possible to calculate was approximately 9 (±4.77) h but increased to 19 (±7.94) h for subjects on RRT. Overall, 18 (69.2%) patients completed the study to day eight in the ICU, and 22 (84.6%) survived to 28 days. STC3141 administration appeared to have an acceptable degree of safety and tolerability and expected pharmacokinetics. Cautious, larger randomized efficacy trials in sepsis appear justified.

Published
2024
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20. Celecoxib to improve scar quality following acute burn injury: Lessons learned after premature termination of a randomised trial

Author

Edward Raby, Paul Gittings, Edward Litton, Aaron Berghuber, Dale Wesley Edgar, Jo Camilleri, Kris Owen, Rosemary Kendell, Laurens Manning, Mark Fear, and Fiona Melanie Wood

Subjects
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Burns, Analgesia, Dermatology, RL1-803, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Background: Pre-clinical studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy may reduce acute inflammation and modulate scar formation after burn injury. The objective of this trial was to determine if celecoxib administered soon after acute burn improved scar quality. Methods: A single centre, parallel group, placebo-controlled, randomised, superiority trial. Adults with non-major acute burn injury were eligible for recruitment. Participants within 48 h of admission for acute burn injury received either six weeks of celecoxib 200 mg twice daily or identically packaged placebo capsules. The primary outcome was participant-reported Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) at day 42 following burn injury. The best possible score using this assessment is 7 and the worst 70. Key safety outcomes included study drug side effects. Results: Restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in slow recruitment and early termination after 59 of the 150 planned participants were enrolled. The primary outcome was available for 21/30 (70 %) participants in the celecoxib arm and for 23/29 (79 %) who received placebo. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between treatment groups with a mean POSAS of 33.4 (standard deviation 12.7) in the celecoxib arm and 36.9 (13.7) in the control arm giving a difference of −3.49 (95 % CI [-11.57, 4.59], p =.39). Gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in 3/30 (10 %) allocated celecoxib and in none allocated placebo. Secondary outcomes including graft loss and delayed healing were similar between groups. Conclusions: Anti-inflammatory therapy did not improve scar quality. Due to early trial termination and significant loss to follow up these findings should be interpreted cautiously. To improve generalisability and to attain recruitment targets, future trials should apply different approaches to improve participant retention as well as including patients with larger burn injuries and an older population.Trial registration: ACTRN12618000732280.

Published
2024
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21. Comparison of baseline characteristics, treatment and clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in the first and second waves in Australia

Author

Burrell, Aidan JC, Neto, Ary Serpa, Broadley, Tessa, Trapani, Tony, Begum, Husna, Campbell, Lewis T, Cheng, Allen C, Cheung, Winston, Cooper, D James, Erickson, Simon J, French, Craig J, Kaldor, John M, Litton, Edward, Murthy, Srinivas, McAllister, Richard E, Nichol, Alistair D, Palermo, Annamaria, Plummer, Mark P, Ramanan, Mahesh, Reddi, Benjamin AJ, Reynolds, Claire, Webb, Steve A, and Udy, Andrew A

Published
2021

23. Videos in Online Courses: Viewing Patterns and Student Performance

Author

Litton, Eric

Abstract

Many instructors use videos to support their teaching in online courses to convey course content that would normally be taught in a traditional setting. Prior studies have shown some connection between utilizing online videos and student performance but do not always support their findings statistically or consider the nuance of the online videos, such as if the videos are required and how long the videos are. This article uses various quantitative analysis techniques, such as course-level multivariate regressions and a fixed effects model by week, to investigate the relationship between grades, video length, and student video-viewing patterns. It is one of the first studies to analyze student video-viewing patterns by tracking exactly how many minutes of each video the students watch. The findings indicate that videos should stay within a certain length to encourage student engagement with the videos and course assignments. Also, watching online videos is only positively related to grades when students are not required to watch, a result that is consistent across course-level and student-level models. Student viewing patterns also differ for courses that require watching videos versus those that do not. The article concludes by discussing the relevance of these results and how instructors can best utilize online videos in their courses.

Published
2021

29. Severe limb ischemia after dialysis access intervention

Author

Litton F Whitaker, Alisha Daroch, Samuel Paci, Sarit Sandowski-Pizow, and Yana Etkin

Subjects
Women authors, Vascular and endovascular surgery, Arteriovenous access stenting, Stent erosion, Limb ischemia, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Endovascular stent placement is commonly used to treat vascular stenosis/occlusions to maintain hemodialysis access patency. These procedures are generally safe and associated with low incidence of serious complications, including stent infection, migration, fracture, and erosion. We present a case of venous stent erosion causing acute limb ischemia in a patient with an arteriovenous fistula for dialysis.

Published
2024
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30. BATTLEFIELD AUTNOMY: A PROVEN WAY FORWARD

Author

Litton, Matthew, Richardson, Michael, and Goodman, Ari

Subjects
United States. Department of Defense, Military personnel -- Military aspects, Computer programmers -- Military aspects, Natural language interfaces -- Military aspects, Computational linguistics -- Military aspects, Language processing -- Military aspects, Military and naval science
Abstract

Software engineers shutter their offices and bring their laptops to sit alongside artillery units. Data scientists retrain target recognition models minutes after a drone strike, improving accuracy with every sortie. [...]

Published
2023

31. Phase 2 study of neoadjuvant enzalutamide and paclitaxel for luminal androgen receptor-enriched TNBC: Trial results and insights into “ARness”

Author

Lim, Bora, Seth, Sahil, Yam, Clinton, Huo, Lei, Fujii, Takeo, Lee, Jangsoon, Bassett, Roland, Nasser, Sara, Ravenberg, Lisa, White, Jason, Clayborn, Alyson, Guerra, Gil, Litton, Jennifer K., Damodaran, Senthil, Layman, Rachel, Valero, Vicente, Tripathy, Debasish, Lewis, Michael, Dobrolecki, Lacey E., Lei, Jonathan, Candelaria, Rosalind, Arun, Banu, Rauch, Gaiane, Zhao, Li, Zhang, Jianhua, Ding, Qingqing, Symmans, W. Fraser, Chang, Jeffrey T., Thompson, Alastair M., Moulder, Stacy L., and Ueno, Naoto T.

Published
2024
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35. How often are infusion sets for central venous catheters changed in Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units? A point prevalence survey

Author

Hammond, Naomi, Freeman-Sanderson, Amy, Ganu, Subodh, Howe, Belinda, Litton, Ed, Mackle, Diane, Saxena, Manoj, Seppelt, Ian, Towns, Miriam, Yarad, Elizabeth, Knowles, Serena, Gao, Annie, Li, Yang, Myburgh, John, Nangla, Conrad, Butt, Fatima, Duke, Graeme, Hunter, Stephanie, Evans, Julie, Parker, Dianne, Loughnan, Clare, Thomas, Blessy, Gilder, Eileen, Robertson, Melissa, McMahon, Ellie, Ali, Farisha, Cowdrey, Keri-Anne, McArthur, Colin, Chen, Yan, Simmonds, Catherine, McConnochie, Rachael, O'Connor, Caroline, El-Khawas, Khaled, Hill, Dianne, Cattigan, Claire, Horton, Michelle, Trickey, Jemma, Knott, Cameron, Smith, Julie, Boschert, Catherine, Sara, Treena, Nand, Kiran, Ramanan, Mahesh, Marella, Prashanti, Affleck, Julia, Simpson, Shannon, Ellem, Katrina, McKenna, Toni, Nourse, Mary, Leung, Kristine, Edmunds, Tash, McDonald, Bree, Mehrtens, Jan, Cross, Rosalba, Wong, Helen, Twardowski, Pawel, France, Dawn, Hanlon, Gabrielle, Barrett, Jonathan, Palermo, Annamaria, Pellicano, Susan, Eroglu, Ege, Bihari, Shailesh, Brown, Julia, Grear, Laura, Jin, Xia, French, Craig, Bates, Samantha, Marshall, Fiona, McEldrew, Rebecca, McCullough, James, Tallott, Mandy, Gough, Maimoonbe, Nalos, Marek, Younger, Laura, Krishnamurphy, Ravi, Trent, Louise, How, Janet, Stuart, Anne, Chadwick, Llesley, Bhadange, Neeraj, Tyler, Steven, Sosnowski, Kellie, Morrison, Lynette, Sutton, Joanne, Soar, Natalie, Lee, David, Doyle, Marina, Jongebloed, Katherine, Finnis, Mackenzie, Wilson, Jane, Williams, Tony, Song, Rima, Lai, Vivian, Girijadevi, Dinu, Habraken, Hannah, Browne, Alex, Koelle, Jette, McNab, Charlotte, Masters, Kristy, Gresham, Rebecca, Lowrey, Julie, Whitehead, Christina, Liang, Janet, Harward, Meg, Jones, Cassie, Peake, Sandra, Williams, Tricia, Kurenda, Catherine, Tabah, Alexis, Duroux, Maree, Warhurst, Timothy, Ratcliffe, Megan, Pollock, Hamish, Baker, Stuart, Sonawane, Ravikiran, O'Connor, Stephanie, Brown, Nerissa, Glasby, Kathleen, Rivett, Justine, Campbell, Lewis, Tabuzo, Vera, Smyth, Kirsty, Bass, Frances, O'Connor, Anne, Leonard, Anton, Waterson, Sharon, Coles, Jennifer, Buhr, Heidi, Newman, Duncan, Boorawong, Piyaporn, Bregolin, Vanessa, Yun, Ji-Hyun, Anstey, Matthew, Rock, Lara, Endemann, Anthadene, Lo, Wei, Ferrier, Janet, Reynolds, Claire, Santamaria, John, Holmes, Jennifer, Beca, John, Sherring, Claire, Garrett, Peter, Murray, Lauren, Brailsford, Jane, Browne, Troy, Goodson, Jennifer, Udy, Andrew, Young, Meredith, Board, Jasmin, McCracken, Phoebe, Martin, Emma-Leah, Martynoga, Robert, Butler, Amelia, Trask, Kara, Olatunji, Shaanti, Cruz, Rhoze Sol, Cruz, Raulle Sol, Navarra, Leanlove, Delaney, Kirsha, Lesona, Eden, Young, Chelsea, Spring, Amelia, Aguilar, April, Young, Paul, Law, Erin, Anstey, Matthew H., Maxwell, Nicky, Rickard, Claire M., Hammond, Naomi E., and McGain, Forbes

Published
2024
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36. Determinants of Response to Talazoparib in Patients with HER2-Negative, Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Breast CancerTalazoparib in Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Breast Cancer

Author

Blum, Joanne L, Laird, A Douglas, Litton, Jennifer K, Rugo, Hope S, Ettl, Johannes, Hurvitz, Sara A, Martin, Miguel, Roché, Henri H, Lee, Kyung-Hun, Goodwin, Annabel, Chen, Ying, Lanzalone, Silvana, Chelliserry, Jijumon, Czibere, Akos, Hopkins, Julia F, Albacker, Lee A, and Mina, Lida A

Subjects
Clinical Research, Breast Cancer, Human Genome, Genetics, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Germ Cells, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Phthalazines, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposePARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated efficacy in tumors with germline breast cancer susceptibility genes (gBRCA) 1 and 2 mutations, but further factors influencing response to PARPi are poorly understood.Experimental designBreast cancer tumor tissue from patients with gBRCA1/2 mutations from the phase III EMBRACA trial of the PARPi talazoparib versus chemotherapy was sequenced using FoundationOne CDx.ResultsIn the evaluable intent-to-treat population, 96.1% (296/308) had ≥1 tumor BRCA (tBRCA) mutation and there was strong concordance (95.3%) between tBRCA and gBRCA mutational status. Genetic/genomic characteristics including BRCA loss of heterozygosity (LOH; identified in 82.6% of evaluable patients), DNA damage response (DDR) gene mutational burden, and tumor homologous recombination deficiency [assessed by genomic LOH (gLOH)] demonstrated no association with talazoparib efficacy.ConclusionsOverall, BRCA LOH status, DDR gene mutational burden, and gLOH were not associated with talazoparib efficacy; however, these conclusions are qualified by population heterogeneity and low patient numbers in some subgroups. Further investigation in larger patient populations is warranted.

Published
2022

38. The authors reply

Author

Pilcher, David, Hensman, Tamishta, Bihari, Shailesh, Bailey, Michael, McClure, Jason, Nicholls, Mark, Chavan, Shaila, Secombe, Paul, Rosenow, Melissa, Huckson, Sue, and Litton, Edward

Published
2024
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39. Epigenetic Changes in the HTR8 and 3A-sub E placental Cell Lines Exposed to Bisphenol A and Benzyl Butyl Phthalate

Author

Christian Litton, Paula Benny, Luca Lambertini, Yula Ma, Jonathan Riel, Rodrigo Weingrill, Johann Urschitz, Jia Chen, and Men-Jean Lee

Subjects
bisphenol A, benzyl butyl phthalate, epigenetics, placenta, plasticizer, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Objective: Bisphenol A and phthalate are known endocrine disruptors and capable of inducing epigenetic changes in the human population. However, their impact on the placenta is less well studied. Our objective was to measure the effect of exposure to bisphenol A and benzyl butyl phthalate in first-trimester HTR8-SVneo and third-trimester 3A-sub E trophoblast cells by profiling the DNA methylation pattern of the imprinting control region of the IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor) and H19 genes. Methods: Human placental HTR8-SVneo and 3A-sub E cell lines were treated with two sub-lethal concentrations of bisphenol A and benzyl butyl phthalate. Demethylating agent, 5-azacytidine, was used as a positive control. Cells were harvested on post-treatment days 1 and 4. The methylation profile of six CpG dinucleotide sites, part of the CTCF 6 binding site of the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region, was determined by pyrosequencing. Results: In the first-trimester HTR8-SVneo cell line, we observed a significant increased methylation of the CpG sites 3, 4 when treated with a high concentration of bisphenol A or benzyl butyl phthalate while increased methylation at site 6 for both high and low dose treatment on day 4. Demethylation of the CpG sites 1, 4, and 6 was observed when treated with 5-azacytidine on day 4. In the third-trimester 3A-sub E cell line, no significant changes in the methylation profile were observed under any treatment conditions. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the capability of epigenetic changes in human placenta cells induced by bisphenol A and benzyl butyl phthalate. The observed methylation changes only in the first-trimester HTR8-SVneo cells phthalate may reflect a window of epigenetic susceptibility related to these environmental toxicants.

Published
2024
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40. Endocrine Treatment and Targeted Therapy for Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update

Author

Burstein, Harold J, Somerfield, Mark R, Barton, Debra L, Dorris, Ali, Fallowfield, Lesley J, Jain, Dharamvir, Johnston, Stephen RD, Korde, Larissa A, Litton, Jennifer K, Macrae, Erin R, Peterson, Lindsay L, Vikas, Praveen, Yung, Rachel L, and Rugo, Hope S

Subjects
Cancer, Estrogen, Clinical Research, Breast Cancer, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Antineoplastic Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prognosis, Receptor, ErbB-2, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Receptor, erbB-2, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeTo update recommendations of the ASCO systemic therapy for hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) guideline.MethodsAn Expert Panel conducted a systematic review to identify new, potentially practice-changing data.ResultsFifty-one articles met eligibility criteria and form the evidentiary basis for the recommendations.RecommendationsAlpelisib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) should be offered to postmenopausal patients, and to male patients, with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, ABC, or MBC following prior endocrine therapy with or without a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor. Clinicians should use next-generation sequencing in tumor tissue or cell-free DNA in plasma to detect PIK3CA mutations. If no mutation is found in cell-free DNA, testing in tumor tissue, if available, should be used as this will detect a small number of additional patients with PIK3CA mutations. There are insufficient data at present to recommend routine testing for ESR1 mutations to guide therapy for HR-positive, HER2-negative MBC. For BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers with metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer, olaparib or talazoparib should be offered in the 1st-line through 3rd-line setting. A nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) and a CDK4/6 inhibitor should be offered to postmenopausal women with treatment-naïve HR-positive MBC. Fulvestrant and a CDK4/6 inhibitor should be offered to patients with progressive disease during treatment with AIs (or who develop a recurrence within 1 year of adjuvant AI therapy) with or without one line of prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease, or as first-line therapy. Treatment should be limited to those without prior exposure to CDK4/6 inhibitors in the metastatic setting.Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines.

Published
2021

43. A phase II study of neoadjuvant atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in patients with anthracycline-resistant early-stage triple-negative breast cancer

Author

Yam, Clinton, Mittendorf, Elizabeth A., Garber, Haven R., Sun, Ryan, Damodaran, Senthil, Murthy, Rashmi K., Ramirez, David, Karuturi, Meghan, Layman, Rachel M., Ibrahim, Nuhad, Rauch, Gaiane M., Adrada, Beatriz E., Candelaria, Rosalind P., White, Jason B., Ravenberg, Elizabeth, Clayborn, Alyson, Ding, Qing Qing, Symmans, W. Fraser, Prabhakaran, Sabitha, Thompson, Alastair M., Valero, Vicente, Tripathy, Debu, Huo, Lei, Moulder, Stacy L., and Litton, Jennifer K.

Published
2023
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44. Targeting chemotherapy resistance in mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer: a phase II trial of neoadjuvant angiogenic and mTOR inhibition with chemotherapy

Author

Abuhadra, Nour, Sun, Ryan, Bassett, Jr, Roland L., Huo, Lei, Chang, Jeffrey T., Teshome, Mediget, Clayborn, Alyson R., White, Jason B., Ravenberg, Elizabeth E., Adrada, Beatriz E., Candelaria, Rosalind P., Yang, Wei, Ding, Qingqing, Symmans, W. Fraser, Arun, Banu, Damodaran, Senthil, Koenig, Kimberly B., Layman, Rachel M., Lim, Bora, Litton, Jennifer K., Thompson, Alastair, Ueno, Naoto T., Piwnica-Worms, Helen, Hortobagyi, Gabriel N., Valero, Vicente, Tripathy, Debu, Rauch, Gaiane M., Moulder, Stacy, and Yam, Clinton

Published
2023
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45. Short-Term Biomarker Modulation Study of Dasatinib for Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Chemoprevention

Author

Fatma Nihan Akkoc Mustafayev, Diane D. Liu, Angelica M. Gutierrez, John E. Lewis, Nuhad K. Ibrahim, Vicente Valero, Daniel J. Booser, Jennifer K. Litton, Kimberly Koenig, Dihua Yu, Nour Sneige, and Banu K. Arun

Subjects
chemoprevention, breast cancer risk, src inhibitors, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Medicine
Abstract

Objective:Risk-reducing therapy with selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators and aromatase inhibitors reduce breast cancer risk. However, the effects are limited to ER-positive breast cancer. Therefore, new agents with improved toxicity profiles that reduce the risk in ER-negative breast cancers are urgently needed. The aim of this prospective, short-term, prevention study was to evaluate the effect of dasatinib, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase Src, on biomarkers in normal (but increased risk) breast tissue and serum of women at high risk for a second, contralateral primary breast cancer.Materials and Methods:Women with a history of unilateral stage I, II, or III ER-negative breast cancer, having no active disease, and who completed all adjuvant therapies were eligible. Patients underwent baseline fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the contralateral breast and serum collection for biomarker analysis and were randomized to receive either no treatment (control) or dasatinib at 40 or 80 mg/day for three months. After three months, serum collection and breast FNA were repeated. Planned biomarker analysis consisted of changes in cytology and Ki-67 on breast FNA, and changes in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein 1, and IGF-binding protein 3. The primary objective was to evaluate changes in Ki-67 and secondary objective included changes in cytology in breast tissue and IGF-related serum biomarkers. Toxicity was also evaluated.Results:Twenty-three patients started their assigned treatments. Compliance during the study was high, with 86.9% (20/23) of patients completing their assigned doses. Dasatinib was well tolerated and no drug-related grade 3 and 4 adverse events were observed. Since only one patient met the adequacy criteria for the paired FNA sample, we could not evaluate Ki-67 level or cytological changes. No significant change in serum biomarkers was observed among the three groups.Conclusion:Dasatinib was well tolerated but did not induce any significant changes in serum biomarkers. The study could not fulfill its primary objective due to an inadequate number of paired FNA samples. Further, larger studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of Src inhibitors in breast cancer prevention.

Published
2023
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46. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity

Author

Camille S. Delavaux, Joseph A. LaManna, Jonathan A. Myers, Richard P. Phillips, Salomón Aguilar, David Allen, Alfonso Alonso, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Matthew E. Baker, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Pulchérie Bissiengou, Mariana Bonfim, Norman A. Bourg, Warren Y. Brockelman, David F. R. P. Burslem, Li-Wan Chang, Yang Chen, Jyh-Min Chiang, Chengjin Chu, Keith Clay, Susan Cordell, Mary Cortese, Jan den Ouden, Christopher Dick, Sisira Ediriweera, Erle C. Ellis, Anna Feistner, Amy L. Freestone, Thomas Giambelluca, Christian P. Giardina, Gregory S. Gilbert, Fangliang He, Jan Holík, Robert W. Howe, Walter Huaraca Huasca, Stephen P. Hubbell, Faith Inman, Patrick A. Jansen, Daniel J. Johnson, Kamil Kral, Andrew J. Larson, Creighton M. Litton, James A. Lutz, Yadvinder Malhi, Krista McGuire, Sean M. McMahon, William J. McShea, Hervé Memiaghe, Anuttara Nathalang, Natalia Norden, Vojtech Novotny, Michael J. O’Brien, David A. Orwig, Rebecca Ostertag, Geoffrey G. (‘Jess’) Parker, Rolando Pérez, Glen Reynolds, Sabrina E. Russo, Lawren Sack, Pavel Šamonil, I-Fang Sun, Mark E. Swanson, Jill Thompson, Maria Uriarte, John Vandermeer, Xihua Wang, Ian Ware, George D. Weiblen, Amy Wolf, Shu-Hui Wu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Thomas Lauber, Daniel S. Maynard, Thomas W. Crowther, and Colin Averill

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.

Published
2023
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50. Prediction of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in triple negative breast cancer using deep learning on multiparametric MRI

Author

Zhou, Zijian, Adrada, Beatriz E., Candelaria, Rosalind P., Elshafeey, Nabil A., Boge, Medine, Mohamed, Rania M., Pashapoor, Sanaz, Sun, Jia, Xu, Zhan, Panthi, Bikash, Son, Jong Bum, Guirguis, Mary S., Patel, Miral M., Whitman, Gary J., Moseley, Tanya W., Scoggins, Marion E., White, Jason B., Litton, Jennifer K., Valero, Vicente, Hunt, Kelly K., Tripathy, Debu, Yang, Wei, Wei, Peng, Yam, Clinton, Pagel, Mark D., Rauch, Gaiane M., and Ma, Jingfei

Published
2023
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