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The effects of a secondary academic intervention implemented within the context of a three-tiered, positive behavior support model were examined in this study. Second-grade students with limited writing skills who also had either externalizing or internalizing behavior patterns were identified for participation using schoolwide data. Students learned how to plan and write stories using the self-regulated strategy development model. Results of two multiple-probe designs, one for students with externalizing behaviors (three females, four males) and a second for students with internalizing behaviors (two females, four males), revealed lasting increases in story elements as well as improvements in story quality and length. Teachers and students rated the intervention favorably, with most reporting that the intervention exceeded their initial expectations. Limitations and directions for future research are presented. (Contains 5 tables and 2 figures.)

The present study replicates and extends previous research regarding the effects of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) within a school wide positive behavior support model among students with writing difficulties who also had either internalizing or externalizing behavior patterns. Two multiple-probe designs, involving 13 second-grade students, are reported. Students with internalizing behaviors (5 girls, 1 boy) and those with externalizing behaviors (1 girl and 6 boys) learned how to plan and write persuasive essays using the SRSD model of instruction. Lasting increases in persuasive essay elements as well as improvements in length and quality of writing were found across both groups of students. Both rating scales and interviews indicated high social validity among classroom teachers and students. Limitations and directions for future research are presented. (Contains 5 tables and 2 figures.)

Early identification of students who might develop emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) is essential in preventing negative outcomes. Systematic screening tools are available for identifying elementary-age students with EBD, including the "Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders" (SSBD) and the "Student Risk Screening Scale" (SRSS). The SSBD is considered the gold standard for systematic EBD screening. The brevity of the SRSS is often favored with respect to resource allocation. The authors evaluated the concurrent validity of the SRSS to predict SSBD results when used to detect school children with externalizing or internalizing behavior concerns. Between low- and high-risk categories, the SRSS had excellent accuracy for predicting both externalizing (95%) and internalizing (93%) problems on the SSBD. Sensitivity (94%) and specificity (95%) were both excellent for externalizing behavior, but for internalizing behavior, sensitivity was lower (44%), while specificity was excellent (95%). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis also suggested that the SRSS was more accurate for detecting externalizing than internalizing behaviors. Limitations and future directions are offered. (Contains 3 tables and 1 figure.)

To date, reports of reading interventions for students at risk for emotional/behavioral disorders (E/BD) that have been published in refereed journals have involved sustained support by university or school-site personnel. This study examined the efficacy and feasibility of a reading intervention that 2 general education teachers implemented in inclusive settings to support 7 first-grade students at risk for E/BD and reading difficulties. Results of a multiple baseline design revealed lasting improvements in reading fluency for all students, accompanied by decreases in variability of academic engagement for 4 students. Although intervention goals, procedures, and outcomes exceeded teacher expectations, social validity ratings for some students declined between the onset and the conclusion of the intervention. This article presents limitations, future directions, and educational implications. (Contains 3 tables and 3 figures.)

This paper examines two illustrations of teacher-led function-based interventions to explore the extent to which teachers are able to design and implement function-based interventions with limited support from university personnel. Results of these A-B-A-B intervention designs suggest a functional relation between the introduction of the interventions and the corresponding changes in student behaviors for both examples. Further, all parties rated the intervention process favorably. Limitations and future directions are discussed. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)

Little attention has been dedicated to monitoring the educational progress of students with EBD receiving services in restrictive settings, using empirically validated tools and procedures. This study compared the progress of students with EBD receiving special education services in either a self-contained school or self-contained classrooms to determine if these students were benefiting from placement in their respective settings. Progress was assessed using behavior rating scales, standardized measures, curriculum-based measures, and school record data. Results revealed limited academic improvement in either setting with no significant differences between groups on any of the standardized or curriculum-based measures, with the exception of written expression. In addition, there was limited progress in the behavioral and social domains. There were no significant differences in the progress of students in either setting in social skills, externalizing behavior, and disciplinary contacts. However, the internalizing behaviors were able to differentiate between groups. Implications of these findings were discussed in light of the limitations and directions for future research were offered. (Contains 2 tables.)

It is assumed that students with EBD who have more severe deficits in academic, behavior, and/or social domains are placed in more restrictive settings. However, this assumption has not been empirically tested. This study compared students educated in self-contained classrooms to students educated in a self-contained school to determine if the academic, behavioral, and social deficits of students educated in the more restrictive setting actually have greater deficits. Results indicated that students educated in self-contained classrooms had higher academic skills than students educated in a self-contained school as measured by standardized and curriculum-based measures. However, teacher report data did not support these findings. Although there were some behavioral differences in students educated in these two settings, there were no differences in social skills, which were also assessed using teacher reports. Collectively, these variables explained a substantial amount of the difference (43% of the variance) between the students educated in these two settings. Limitations and directions for future research are offered. (Contains 2 tables.)

The effects of a secondary academic intervention implemented within the context of a three-tiered, positive behavior support model were examined in this study. Second-grade students with limited writing skills who also had either externalizing or internalizing behavior patterns were identified for participation using schoolwide data. Students learned how to plan and write stories using the self-regulated strategy development model. Results of two multiple-probe designs, one for students with externalizing behaviors (three females, four males) and a second for students with internalizing behaviors (two females, four males), revealed lasting increases in story elements as well as improvements in story quality and length. Teachers and students rated the intervention favorably, with most reporting that the intervention exceeded their initial expectations. Limitations and directions for future research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]