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1. Genetic analyses identify widespread sex-differential participation bias

Author

Pirastu N., Cordioli M., Nandakumar P., Mignogna G., Abdellaoui A., Hollis B., Kanai M., Rajagopal V. M., Parolo P. D. B., Baya N., Carey C. E., Karjalainen J., Als T. D., Van der Zee M. D., Day F. R., Ong K. K., Agee M., Aslibekyan S., Bell R. K., Bryc K., Clark S. K., Elson S. L., Fletez-Brant K., Fontanillas P., Furlotte N. A., Gandhi P. M., Heilbron K., Hicks B., Huber K. E., Jewett E. M., Jiang Y., Kleinman A., Lin K. -H., Litterman N. K., Luff M. K., McIntyre M. H., McManus K. F., Mountain J. L., Mozaffari S. V., Noblin E. S., Northover C. A. M., O'Connell J., Petrakovitz A. A., Pitts S. J., Poznik G. D., Sathirapongsasuti J. F., Shelton J. F., Shringarpure S., Tian C., Tung J. Y., Tunney R. J., Vacic V., Wang X., Zare A., Mortensen P. B., Mors O., Werge T., Nordentoft M., Hougaard D. M., Bybjerg-Grauholm J., Baekvad-Hansen M., Morisaki T., de Geus E., Bellocco R., Okada Y., Borglum A. D., Joshi P., Auton A., Hinds D., Neale B. M., Walters R. K., Nivard M. G., Perry J. R. B., Ganna A., Pirastu, N, Cordioli, M, Nandakumar, P, Mignogna, G, Abdellaoui, A, Hollis, B, Kanai, M, Rajagopal, V, Parolo, P, Baya, N, Carey, C, Karjalainen, J, Als, T, Van der Zee, M, Day, F, Ong, K, Agee, M, Aslibekyan, S, Bell, R, Bryc, K, Clark, S, Elson, S, Fletez-Brant, K, Fontanillas, P, Furlotte, N, Gandhi, P, Heilbron, K, Hicks, B, Huber, K, Jewett, E, Jiang, Y, Kleinman, A, Lin, K, Litterman, N, Luff, M, Mcintyre, M, Mcmanus, K, Mountain, J, Mozaffari, S, Noblin, E, Northover, C, O'Connell, J, Petrakovitz, A, Pitts, S, Poznik, G, Sathirapongsasuti, J, Shelton, J, Shringarpure, S, Tian, C, Tung, J, Tunney, R, Vacic, V, Wang, X, Zare, A, Mortensen, P, Mors, O, Werge, T, Nordentoft, M, Hougaard, D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Morisaki, T, de Geus, E, Bellocco, R, Okada, Y, Borglum, A, Joshi, P, Auton, A, Hinds, D, Neale, B, Walters, R, Nivard, M, Perry, J, Ganna, A, Biological Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, and Adult Psychiatry

Subjects
Adult, Inheritance Pattern, Male, Sex Characteristics, Inheritance Patterns, Sex Characteristic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, United Kingdom, Bias, Genetic Loci, Sample Size, Bia, Artifact, Biological Specimen Bank, Humans, Chromosomes, Human, Female, Artifacts, Biological Specimen Banks, Genome-Wide Association Study, Human
Abstract

Genetic association results are often interpreted with the assumption that study participation does not affect downstream analyses. Understanding the genetic basis of participation bias is challenging since it requires the genotypes of unseen individuals. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate comparative biases by performing a genome-wide association study contrasting one subgroup versus another. For example, we showed that sex exhibits artifactual autosomal heritability in the presence of sex-differential participation bias. By performing a genome-wide association study of sex in approximately 3.3 million males and females, we identified over 158 autosomal loci spuriously associated with sex and highlighted complex traits underpinning differences in study participation between the sexes. For example, the body mass index-increasing allele at FTO was observed at higher frequency in males compared to females (odds ratio = 1.02, P = 4.4 × 10-36). Finally, we demonstrated how these biases can potentially lead to incorrect inferences in downstream analyses and propose a conceptual framework for addressing such biases. Our findings highlight a new challenge that genetic studies may face as sample sizes continue to grow.

Published
2021

2. A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization

Author

Ong, Jue-Sheng, Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., Han, Xikun, An, Jiyuan, Liyanage, Upekha, Dusingize, Jean-Cluade, Schumacher, Johannes, Gockel, Ines, Böhmer, Anne, Jankowski, Janusz, Palles, Claire, O’Mara, Tracy, Spurdle, Amanda, Law, Matthew H., Iles, Mark M., Pharoah, Paul, Berchuck, Andrew, Zheng, Wei, Thrift, Aaron P., Olsen, Catherine, Neale, Rachel E., Gharahkhani, Puya, Webb, Penelope M., MacGregor, Stuart, Fitzgerald, Rebecca, Buas, Matt, Gammon, Marilie D., Corley, Douglas A., Shaheen, Nicholas J., Hardie, Laura J., Bird, Nigel C., Reid, Brian J., Chow, Wong-Ho, Risch, Harvey A., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H., Whiteman, David E., Vaughan, Thomas, Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., McIntyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A. M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Ong, Jue-Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C. [0000-0003-3714-8386], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Gockel, Ines [0000-0001-7423-713X], Böhmer, Anne [0000-0002-5716-786X], O’Mara, Tracy [0000-0002-5436-3232], Spurdle, Amanda [0000-0003-1337-7897], Law, Matthew H. [0000-0002-4303-8821], Iles, Mark M. [0000-0002-2603-6509], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Zheng, Wei [0000-0003-1226-070X], Thrift, Aaron P. [0000-0002-0084-5308], Olsen, Catherine [0000-0003-4483-1888], Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Webb, Penelope M. [0000-0003-0733-5930], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
631/67/68, 45/43, article, 692/699/67/2195, 692/4028/67/2324
Abstract

Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cancer have typically adopted a handful of variants and found no relationship between 25(OH)D and cancer; however, issues of horizontal pleiotropy cannot be reliably addressed. Using a larger set of variants associated with 25(OH)D (74 SNPs, up from 6 previously), we perform a unified MR analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and ten cancers. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous MR studies indicating no relationship, apart from ovarian cancers (OR 0.89; 95% C.I: 0.82 to 0.96 per 1 SD change in 25(OH)D concentration) and basal cell carcinoma (OR 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04 to 1.28). However, after adjustment for pigmentation related variables in a multivariable MR framework, the BCC findings were attenuated. Here we report that lower 25(OH)D is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most cancers, with our study providing more precise confidence intervals than previously possible.

Published
2021
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3. A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization

Author

Ong, Jue Sheng, Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., Han, Xikun, An, Jiyuan, Fitzgerald, Rebecca, Buas, Matt, Gammon, Marilie D., Corley, Douglas A., Shaheen, Nicholas J., Hardie, Laura J., Bird, Nigel C., Reid, Brian J., Chow, Wong Ho, Risch, Harvey A., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H., Whiteman, David E., Vaughan, Thomas, Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., McIntyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A.M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Liyanage, Upekha, Dusingize, Jean Cluade, Schumacher, Johannes, Gockel, Ines, Böhmer, Anne, Jankowski, Janusz, Palles, Claire, O’Mara, Tracy, Spurdle, Amanda, Law, Matthew H., Iles, Mark M., Pharoah, Paul, Berchuck, Andrew, Zheng, Wei, Thrift, Aaron P., Olsen, Catherine, Neale, Rachel E., Gharahkhani, Puya, Webb, Penelope M., MacGregor, Stuart, other, and, Ong, Jue Sheng, Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., Han, Xikun, An, Jiyuan, Fitzgerald, Rebecca, Buas, Matt, Gammon, Marilie D., Corley, Douglas A., Shaheen, Nicholas J., Hardie, Laura J., Bird, Nigel C., Reid, Brian J., Chow, Wong Ho, Risch, Harvey A., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H., Whiteman, David E., Vaughan, Thomas, Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., McIntyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A.M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Liyanage, Upekha, Dusingize, Jean Cluade, Schumacher, Johannes, Gockel, Ines, Böhmer, Anne, Jankowski, Janusz, Palles, Claire, O’Mara, Tracy, Spurdle, Amanda, Law, Matthew H., Iles, Mark M., Pharoah, Paul, Berchuck, Andrew, Zheng, Wei, Thrift, Aaron P., Olsen, Catherine, Neale, Rachel E., Gharahkhani, Puya, Webb, Penelope M., MacGregor, Stuart, and other, and

Abstract

Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cancer have typically adopted a handful of variants and found no relationship between 25(OH)D and cancer; however, issues of horizontal pleiotropy cannot be reliably addressed. Using a larger set of variants associated with 25(OH)D (74 SNPs, up from 6 previously), we perform a unified MR analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and ten cancers. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous MR studies indicating no relationship, apart from ovarian cancers (OR 0.89; 95% C.I: 0.82 to 0.96 per 1 SD change in 25(OH)D concentration) and basal cell carcinoma (OR 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04 to 1.28). However, after adjustment for pigmentation related variables in a multivariable MR framework, the BCC findings were attenuated. Here we report that lower 25(OH)D is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most cancers, with our study providing more precise confidence intervals than previously possible.

Published
2021

4. Genetic analyses identify widespread sex-differential participation bias

Author

Pirastu, N, Cordioli, M, Nandakumar, P, Mignogna, G, Abdellaoui, A, Hollis, B, Kanai, M, Rajagopal, V, Parolo, P, Baya, N, Carey, C, Karjalainen, J, Als, T, Van der Zee, M, Day, F, Ong, K, Agee, M, Aslibekyan, S, Bell, R, Bryc, K, Clark, S, Elson, S, Fletez-Brant, K, Fontanillas, P, Furlotte, N, Gandhi, P, Heilbron, K, Hicks, B, Huber, K, Jewett, E, Jiang, Y, Kleinman, A, Lin, K, Litterman, N, Luff, M, Mcintyre, M, Mcmanus, K, Mountain, J, Mozaffari, S, Noblin, E, Northover, C, O'Connell, J, Petrakovitz, A, Pitts, S, Poznik, G, Sathirapongsasuti, J, Shelton, J, Shringarpure, S, Tian, C, Tung, J, Tunney, R, Vacic, V, Wang, X, Zare, A, Mortensen, P, Mors, O, Werge, T, Nordentoft, M, Hougaard, D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Morisaki, T, de Geus, E, Bellocco, R, Okada, Y, Borglum, A, Joshi, P, Auton, A, Hinds, D, Neale, B, Walters, R, Nivard, M, Perry, J, Ganna, A, Pirastu N., Cordioli M., Nandakumar P., Mignogna G., Abdellaoui A., Hollis B., Kanai M., Rajagopal V. M., Parolo P. D. B., Baya N., Carey C. E., Karjalainen J., Als T. D., Van der Zee M. D., Day F. R., Ong K. K., Agee M., Aslibekyan S., Bell R. K., Bryc K., Clark S. K., Elson S. L., Fletez-Brant K., Fontanillas P., Furlotte N. A., Gandhi P. M., Heilbron K., Hicks B., Huber K. E., Jewett E. M., Jiang Y., Kleinman A., Lin K. -H., Litterman N. K., Luff M. K., McIntyre M. H., McManus K. F., Mountain J. L., Mozaffari S. V., Noblin E. S., Northover C. A. M., O'Connell J., Petrakovitz A. A., Pitts S. J., Poznik G. D., Sathirapongsasuti J. F., Shelton J. F., Shringarpure S., Tian C., Tung J. Y., Tunney R. J., Vacic V., Wang X., Zare A., Mortensen P. B., Mors O., Werge T., Nordentoft M., Hougaard D. M., Bybjerg-Grauholm J., Baekvad-Hansen M., Morisaki T., de Geus E., Bellocco R., Okada Y., Borglum A. D., Joshi P., Auton A., Hinds D., Neale B. M., Walters R. K., Nivard M. G., Perry J. R. B., Ganna A., Pirastu, N, Cordioli, M, Nandakumar, P, Mignogna, G, Abdellaoui, A, Hollis, B, Kanai, M, Rajagopal, V, Parolo, P, Baya, N, Carey, C, Karjalainen, J, Als, T, Van der Zee, M, Day, F, Ong, K, Agee, M, Aslibekyan, S, Bell, R, Bryc, K, Clark, S, Elson, S, Fletez-Brant, K, Fontanillas, P, Furlotte, N, Gandhi, P, Heilbron, K, Hicks, B, Huber, K, Jewett, E, Jiang, Y, Kleinman, A, Lin, K, Litterman, N, Luff, M, Mcintyre, M, Mcmanus, K, Mountain, J, Mozaffari, S, Noblin, E, Northover, C, O'Connell, J, Petrakovitz, A, Pitts, S, Poznik, G, Sathirapongsasuti, J, Shelton, J, Shringarpure, S, Tian, C, Tung, J, Tunney, R, Vacic, V, Wang, X, Zare, A, Mortensen, P, Mors, O, Werge, T, Nordentoft, M, Hougaard, D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, J, Baekvad-Hansen, M, Morisaki, T, de Geus, E, Bellocco, R, Okada, Y, Borglum, A, Joshi, P, Auton, A, Hinds, D, Neale, B, Walters, R, Nivard, M, Perry, J, Ganna, A, Pirastu N., Cordioli M., Nandakumar P., Mignogna G., Abdellaoui A., Hollis B., Kanai M., Rajagopal V. M., Parolo P. D. B., Baya N., Carey C. E., Karjalainen J., Als T. D., Van der Zee M. D., Day F. R., Ong K. K., Agee M., Aslibekyan S., Bell R. K., Bryc K., Clark S. K., Elson S. L., Fletez-Brant K., Fontanillas P., Furlotte N. A., Gandhi P. M., Heilbron K., Hicks B., Huber K. E., Jewett E. M., Jiang Y., Kleinman A., Lin K. -H., Litterman N. K., Luff M. K., McIntyre M. H., McManus K. F., Mountain J. L., Mozaffari S. V., Noblin E. S., Northover C. A. M., O'Connell J., Petrakovitz A. A., Pitts S. J., Poznik G. D., Sathirapongsasuti J. F., Shelton J. F., Shringarpure S., Tian C., Tung J. Y., Tunney R. J., Vacic V., Wang X., Zare A., Mortensen P. B., Mors O., Werge T., Nordentoft M., Hougaard D. M., Bybjerg-Grauholm J., Baekvad-Hansen M., Morisaki T., de Geus E., Bellocco R., Okada Y., Borglum A. D., Joshi P., Auton A., Hinds D., Neale B. M., Walters R. K., Nivard M. G., Perry J. R. B., and Ganna A.

Abstract

Genetic association results are often interpreted with the assumption that study participation does not affect downstream analyses. Understanding the genetic basis of participation bias is challenging since it requires the genotypes of unseen individuals. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate comparative biases by performing a genome-wide association study contrasting one subgroup versus another. For example, we showed that sex exhibits artifactual autosomal heritability in the presence of sex-differential participation bias. By performing a genome-wide association study of sex in approximately 3.3 million males and females, we identified over 158 autosomal loci spuriously associated with sex and highlighted complex traits underpinning differences in study participation between the sexes. For example, the body mass index–increasing allele at FTO was observed at higher frequency in males compared to females (odds ratio = 1.02, P = 4.4 × 10−36). Finally, we demonstrated how these biases can potentially lead to incorrect inferences in downstream analyses and propose a conceptual framework for addressing such biases. Our findings highlight a new challenge that genetic studies may face as sample sizes continue to grow.

Published
2021

5. Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases

Author

An, Jiyuan, Gharahkhani, Puya, Law, Matthew H., Ong, Jue-Sheng, Han, Xikun, Olsen, Catherine M., Neale, Rachel E., Lai, John, Vaughan, Tom L., Gockel, Ines, Thieme, René, Böhmer, Anne C., Jankowski, Janusz, Fitzgerald, Rebecca C., Schumacher, Johannes, Palles, Claire, Whiteman, David C., MacGregor, Stuart, Gammon, Marilie D., Corley, Douglas A., Shaheen, Nicholas J., Bird, Nigel C., Hardie, Laura J., Murray, Liam J., Reid, Brian J., Chow, Wong-Ho, Risch, Harvey A., Ye, Weimin, Liu, Geoffrey, Romero, Yvonne, Bernstein, Leslie, Wu, Anna H., Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., McIntyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A. M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Gharahkhani, Puya [0000-0002-4203-5952], Law, Matthew H. [0000-0002-4303-8821], Ong, Jue-Sheng [0000-0002-6062-710X], Han, Xikun [0000-0002-3823-7308], Olsen, Catherine M. [0000-0003-4483-1888], Böhmer, Anne C. [0000-0002-5716-786X], Fitzgerald, Rebecca C. [0000-0002-3434-3568], MacGregor, Stuart [0000-0001-6731-8142], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
631/67/1504/1477, 631/208/205/2138, 45/43, article, 38/39, 631/208/68, 692/699/1503/1476/196, health care economics and organizations, humanities, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Funder: The Swedish Esophageal Cancer Study was funded by grants (R01 CA57947-03) from the National Cancer Institute he California Tobacco Related Research Program (3RT-0122; and; 10RT-0251) Marit Peterson Fund for Melanoma Research. CIDR is supported by contract HHSN268200782096C, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by gastric acid entering the esophagus. GERD has high prevalence and is the major risk factor for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We conduct a large GERD GWAS meta-analysis (80,265 cases, 305,011 controls), identifying 25 independent genome-wide significant loci for GERD. Several of the implicated genes are existing or putative drug targets. Loci discovery is greatest with a broad GERD definition (including cases defined by self-report or medication data). Further, 91% of the GERD risk-increasing alleles also increase BE and/or EA risk, greatly expanding gene discovery for these traits. Our results map genes for GERD and related traits and uncover potential new drug targets for these conditions.

Published
2019

6. Overlapping genetic architecture between Parkinson disease and melanoma

Author

Dube, U., Ibanez, L., Budde, J. P., Benitez, B. A., Davis, A. A., Harari, O., Iles, M. M., Law, M. H., Brown, K. M., Agee, M., Alipanahi, B., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Elson, S. L., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Kleinman, A., Litterman, N. K., Mccreight, J. C., Mcintyre, M. H., Mountain, J. L., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A. M., Pitts, S. J., Sathirapongsasuti, J. F., Sazonova, O. V., Shelton, J. F., Shringarpure, S., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Vacic, V., Wilson, C. H., Bishop, D. T., Lee, J. E., Brossard, M., Martin, N. G., Moses, E. K., Song, F., Barrett, J. H., Kumar, R., Easton, D. F., Pharoah, P. D., Swerdlow, A. J., Kypreou, K. P., Taylor, J. C., Harland, M., Randerson-Moor, J., Akslen, L. A., Andresen, P. A., Avril, M. F., Azizi, E., Scarra, G. B., Debniak, T., Duffy, D. L., Elder, D. E., Fang, S., Friedman, E., Galan, P., Ghiorzo, P., Gillanders, E. M., Goldstein, A. M., Gruis, N. A., Hansson, J., Helsing, P., Hocevar, M., Hoiom, V., Ingvar, C., Kanetsky, P. A., Chen, W. V., Landi, M. T., Lang, J., Lathrop, G. M., Lubinski, J., Mackie, R. M., Mann, G. J., Molven, A., Montgomery, G. W., Novakovic, S., Olsson, H., Puig, S., Puig-Butille, J. A., Wu, W., Qureshi, A. A., Radford-Smith, G. L., van der Stoep, N., van Doorn, R., Whiteman, D. C., Craig, J. E., Schadendorf, E., Simms, L. A., Burdon, K. P., Nyholt, D. R., Pooley, K. A., Orr, N., Stratigos, A. J., Cust, A. E., Ward, S. V., Hayward, N. K., Han, J., Schulze, H. J., Dunning, A. M., Bishop, J. A., Demenais, F., Amos, C. I., Macgregor, S., and Cruchaga, C.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Genetic correlation, Multifactorial Inheritance, Skin Neoplasms, Medizin, TWAS, Disease, Melanoma, Parkinson disease, Polygenic, Shared genetic architecture, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Gene expression, Medicine, Humans, Gene, business.industry, Parkinson Disease, medicine.disease, Genetic architecture, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, Cutaneous melanoma, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent results regarding an association between Parkinson disease (PD) and cutaneous melanoma (melanoma). Identifying shared genetic architecture between these diseases can support epidemiologic findings and identify common risk genes and biological pathways. Here, we apply polygenic, linkage disequilibrium-informed methods to the largest available case-control, genome-wide association study summary statistic data for melanoma and PD. We identify positive and significant genetic correlation (correlation: 0.17, 95% CI 0.10-0.24; P = 4.09 x 10(-06)) between melanoma and PD. We further demonstrate melanoma and PD-inferred gene expression to overlap across tissues (correlation: 0.14, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.22; P = 7.87 x 10(-04)) and highlight seven genes including PIEZO1, TRAPPC2L, and SOX6 as potential mediators of the genetic correlation between melanoma and PD. These findings demonstrate specific, shared genetic architecture between PD and melanoma that manifests at the level of gene expression.

Published
2019

7. Genome-wide association and epidemiological analyses reveal common genetic origins between uterine leiomyomata and endometriosis

Author

Gallagher, C. S. (C. S.), Makinen, N. (N.), Harris, H. R. (H. R.), Rahmioglu, N. (N.), Uimari, O. (O.), Cook, J. P. (J. P.), Shigesi, N. (N.), Ferreira, T. (T.), Velez-Edwards, D. R. (D. R.), Edwards, T. L. (T. L.), Mortlock, S. (S.), Ruhioglu, Z. (Z.), Day, F. (F.), Becker, C. M. (C. M.), Karhunen, V. (V.), Martikainen, H. (H.), Jarvelin, M. -. (M. -R.), Cantor, R. M. (R. M.), Ridker, P. M. (P. M.), Terry, K. L. (K. L.), Buring, J. E. (J. E.), Gordon, S. D. (S. D.), Medland, S. E. (S. E.), Montgomery, G. W. (G. W.), Nyholt, D. R. (D. R.), Hinds, D. A. (D. A.), Tung, J. Y. (J. Y.), Perry, J. R. (J. R. B.), Lind, P. A. (P. A.), Painter, J. N. (J. N.), Martin, N. G. (N. G.), Morris, A. P. (A. P.), Chasman, D. I. (D. I.), Missmer, S. A. (S. A.), Zondervan, K. T. (K. T.), Morton, C. C. (C. C.), Agee, M. (Michelle), Alipanahi, B. (Babak), Auton, A. (Adam), Bell, R. K. (Robert K.), Bryc, K. (Katarzyna), Elson, S. L. (Sarah L.), Fontanillas, P. (Pierre), Furlotte, N. A. (Nicholas A.), Huber, K. E. (Karen E.), Kleinman, A. (Aaron), Litterman, N. K. (Nadia K.), McIntyre, M. H. (Matthew H.), Mountain, J. L. (Joanna L.), Noblin, E. S. (Elizabeth S.), Northover, C. A. (Carrie A. M.), Pitts, S. J. (Steven J.), Sathirapongsasuti, J. F. (J. Fah), Sazonova, O. V. (Olga V.), Shelton, J. F. (Janie F.), Shringarpure, S. (Suyash), Tian, C. (Chao), Vacic, V. (Vladimir), Wilson, C. H. (Catherine H.), Gallagher, C. S. (C. S.), Makinen, N. (N.), Harris, H. R. (H. R.), Rahmioglu, N. (N.), Uimari, O. (O.), Cook, J. P. (J. P.), Shigesi, N. (N.), Ferreira, T. (T.), Velez-Edwards, D. R. (D. R.), Edwards, T. L. (T. L.), Mortlock, S. (S.), Ruhioglu, Z. (Z.), Day, F. (F.), Becker, C. M. (C. M.), Karhunen, V. (V.), Martikainen, H. (H.), Jarvelin, M. -. (M. -R.), Cantor, R. M. (R. M.), Ridker, P. M. (P. M.), Terry, K. L. (K. L.), Buring, J. E. (J. E.), Gordon, S. D. (S. D.), Medland, S. E. (S. E.), Montgomery, G. W. (G. W.), Nyholt, D. R. (D. R.), Hinds, D. A. (D. A.), Tung, J. Y. (J. Y.), Perry, J. R. (J. R. B.), Lind, P. A. (P. A.), Painter, J. N. (J. N.), Martin, N. G. (N. G.), Morris, A. P. (A. P.), Chasman, D. I. (D. I.), Missmer, S. A. (S. A.), Zondervan, K. T. (K. T.), Morton, C. C. (C. C.), Agee, M. (Michelle), Alipanahi, B. (Babak), Auton, A. (Adam), Bell, R. K. (Robert K.), Bryc, K. (Katarzyna), Elson, S. L. (Sarah L.), Fontanillas, P. (Pierre), Furlotte, N. A. (Nicholas A.), Huber, K. E. (Karen E.), Kleinman, A. (Aaron), Litterman, N. K. (Nadia K.), McIntyre, M. H. (Matthew H.), Mountain, J. L. (Joanna L.), Noblin, E. S. (Elizabeth S.), Northover, C. A. (Carrie A. M.), Pitts, S. J. (Steven J.), Sathirapongsasuti, J. F. (J. Fah), Sazonova, O. V. (Olga V.), Shelton, J. F. (Janie F.), Shringarpure, S. (Suyash), Tian, C. (Chao), Vacic, V. (Vladimir), and Wilson, C. H. (Catherine H.)

Abstract

Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common neoplasms of the female reproductive tract and primary cause for hysterectomy, leading to considerable morbidity and high economic burden. Here we conduct a GWAS meta-analysis in 35,474 cases and 267,505 female controls of European ancestry, identifying eight novel genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) loci, in addition to confirming 21 previously reported loci, including multiple independent signals at 10 loci. Phenotypic stratification of UL by heavy menstrual bleeding in 3409 cases and 199,171 female controls reveals genome-wide significant associations at three of the 29 UL loci: 5p15.33 (TERT), 5q35.2 (FGFR4) and 11q22.3 (ATM). Four loci identified in the meta-analysis are also associated with endometriosis risk; an epidemiological meta-analysis across 402,868 women suggests at least a doubling of risk for UL diagnosis among those with a history of endometriosis. These findings increase our understanding of genetic contribution and biology underlying UL development, and suggest overlapping genetic origins with endometriosis.

Published
2019

8. Genome-wide analysis of 53,400 people with irritable bowel syndrome highlights shared genetic pathways with mood and anxiety disorders

Author

Eijsbouts, Chris, Zheng, Tenghao, Kennedy, Nicholas A., Bonfiglio, Ferdinando, Anderson, Carl A., Moutsianas, Loukas, Holliday, Joanne, Shi, Jingchunzi, Shringarpure, Suyash, Voda, Alexandru-Ioan, Farrugia, Gianrico, Franke, Andre, H��benthal, Matthias, Abecasis, Gon��alo, Zawistowski, Matthew, Skogholt, Anne Heidi, Ness-Jensen, Eivind, Hveem, Kristian, Esko, T��nu, Teder-Laving, Maris, Zhernakova, Alexandra, Camilleri, Michael, Boeckxstaens, Guy, Whorwell, Peter J., Spiller, Robin, McVean, Gil, D���Amato, Mauro, Jostins, Luke, Parkes, Miles, Agee, Michelle, Aslibekyan, Stella, Auton, Adam, Bell, Robert K., Bryc, Katarzyna, Clark, Sarah K., Elson, Sarah L., Fletez-Brant, Kipper, Fontanillas, Pierre, Furlotte, Nicholas A., Gandhi, Pooja M., Heilbron, Karl, Hicks, Barry, Hinds, David A., Huber, Karen E., Jewett, Ethan M., Jiang, Yunxuan, Kleinman, Aaron, Lin, Keng-Han, Litterman, Nadia K., Luff, Marie K., McCreight, Jey C., McIntyre, Matthew H., McManus, Kimberly F., Mountain, Joanna L., Mozaffari, Sahar V., Nandakumar, Priyanka, Noblin, Elizabeth S., Northover, Carrie A. M., O���Connell, Jared, Petrakovitz, Aaron A., Pitts, Steven J., Poznik, G. David, Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah, Shastri, Anjali J., Shelton, Janie F., Tian, Chao, Tung, Joyce Y., Tunney, Robert J., Vacic, Vladimir, Wang, Xin, Zare, Amir S., Kashyap, Purna, Chang, Lin, Mayer, Emeran, Heitkemper, Margaret, Sayuk, Gregory S., Ringel-Kulka, Tamar, Ringel, Yehuda, Chey, William D., Eswaran, Shanti, Merchant, Juanita L., Shulman, Robert J., Bujanda, Luis, Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Dlugosz, Aldona, Lindberg, Greger, Schmidt, Peter T., Karling, Pontus, Ohlsson, Bodil, Walter, Susanna, Faresj��, ��shild O., Simren, Magnus, Halfvarson, Jonas, Portincasa, Piero, Barbara, Giovanni, Usai-Satta, Paolo, Neri, Matteo, Nardone, Gerardo, Cuomo, Rosario, Galeazzi, Francesca, Bellini, Massimo, Latiano, Anna, Houghton, Lesley, Jonkers, Daisy, Kurilshikov, Alexander, Weersma, Rinse K., Netea, Mihai, Tesarz, Jonas, Gauss, Annika, Goebel-Stengel, Miriam, Andresen, Viola, Frieling, Thomas, Pehl, Christian, Schaefert, Rainer, Niesler, Beate, Lieb, Wolfgang, Hanevik, Kurt, Langeland, Nina, Wensaas, Knut-Arne, Litleskare, Sverre, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Thomas, Laurent, Thijs, Vincent, Lemmens, Robin, Van Oudenhove, Lukas, Wouters, Mira, Eijsbouts C., Zheng T., Kennedy N.A., Bonfiglio F., Anderson C.A., Moutsianas L., Holliday J., Shi J., Shringarpure S., Agee M., Aslibekyan S., Auton A., Bell R.K., Bryc K., Clark S.K., Elson S.L., Fletez-Brant K., Fontanillas P., Furlotte N.A., Gandhi P.M., Heilbron K., Hicks B., Hinds D.A., Huber K.E., Jewett E.M., Jiang Y., Kleinman A., Lin K.-H., Litterman N.K., Luff M.K., McCreight J.C., McIntyre M.H., McManus K.F., Mountain J.L., Mozaffari S.V., Nandakumar P., Noblin E.S., Northover C.A.M., O'Connell J., Petrakovitz A.A., Pitts S.J., Poznik G.D., Sathirapongsasuti J.F., Shastri A.J., Shelton J.F., Tian C., Tung J.Y., Tunney R.J., Vacic V., Wang X., Zare A.S., Voda A.-I., Kashyap P., Chang L., Mayer E., Heitkemper M., Sayuk G.S., Ringel-Kulka T., Ringel Y., Chey W.D., Eswaran S., Merchant J.L., Shulman R.J., Bujanda L., Garcia-Etxebarria K., Dlugosz A., Lindberg G., Schmidt P.T., Karling P., Ohlsson B., Walter S., Faresjo A.O., Simren M., Halfvarson J., Portincasa P., Barbara G., Usai-Satta P., Neri M., Nardone G., Cuomo R., Galeazzi F., Bellini M., Latiano A., Houghton L., Jonkers D., Kurilshikov A., Weersma R.K., Netea M., Tesarz J., Gauss A., Goebel-Stengel M., Andresen V., Frieling T., Pehl C., Schaefert R., Niesler B., Lieb W., Hanevik K., Langeland N., Wensaas K.-A., Litleskare S., Gabrielsen M.E., Thomas L., Thijs V., Lemmens R., Van Oudenhove L., Wouters M., Farrugia G., Franke A., Hubenthal M., Abecasis G., Zawistowski M., Skogholt A.H., Ness-Jensen E., Hveem K., Esko T., Teder-Laving M., Zhernakova A., Camilleri M., Boeckxstaens G., Whorwell P.J., Spiller R., McVean G., D'Amato M., Jostins L., Parkes M., Eijsbouts, Chris [0000-0001-5179-0653], Anderson, Carl A. [0000-0003-1719-7009], Moutsianas, Loukas [0000-0001-5453-345X], Holliday, Joanne [0000-0003-4568-7320], Shringarpure, Suyash [0000-0001-6464-2668], Voda, Alexandru-Ioan [0000-0003-2974-6992], Farrugia, Gianrico [0000-0003-3473-5235], Hübenthal, Matthias [0000-0002-5956-3006], Abecasis, Gonçalo [0000-0003-1509-1825], Zawistowski, Matthew [0000-0002-3005-083X], Ness-Jensen, Eivind [0000-0001-6005-0729], Teder-Laving, Maris [0000-0002-5872-1850], Camilleri, Michael [0000-0001-6472-7514], Whorwell, Peter J. [0000-0002-5220-8474], Spiller, Robin [0000-0001-6371-4500], McVean, Gil [0000-0002-5012-4162], D’Amato, Mauro [0000-0003-2743-5197], Jostins, Luke [0000-0002-2475-3969], Parkes, Miles [0000-0002-6467-0631], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), Eijsbouts, C., Zheng, T., Kennedy, N. A., Bonfiglio, F., Anderson, C. A., Moutsianas, L., Holliday, J., Shi, J., Shringarpure, S., Agee, M., Aslibekyan, S., Auton, A., Bell, R. K., Bryc, K., Clark, S. K., Elson, S. L., Fletez-Brant, K., Fontanillas, P., Furlotte, N. A., Gandhi, P. M., Heilbron, K., Hicks, B., Hinds, D. A., Huber, K. E., Jewett, E. M., Jiang, Y., Kleinman, A., Lin, K. -H., Litterman, N. K., Luff, M. K., Mccreight, J. C., Mcintyre, M. H., Mcmanus, K. F., Mountain, J. L., Mozaffari, S. V., Nandakumar, P., Noblin, E. S., Northover, C. A. M., O'Connell, J., Petrakovitz, A. A., Pitts, S. J., Poznik, G. D., Sathirapongsasuti, J. F., Shastri, A. J., Shelton, J. F., Tian, C., Tung, J. Y., Tunney, R. J., Vacic, V., Wang, X., Zare, A. S., Voda, A. -I., Kashyap, P., Chang, L., Mayer, E., Heitkemper, M., Sayuk, G. S., Ringel-Kulka, T., Ringel, Y., Chey, W. D., Eswaran, S., Merchant, J. L., Shulman, R. J., Bujanda, L., Garcia-Etxebarria, K., Dlugosz, A., Lindberg, G., Schmidt, P. T., Karling, P., Ohlsson, B., Walter, S., Faresjo, A. O., Simren, M., Halfvarson, J., Portincasa, P., Barbara, G., Usai-Satta, P., Neri, M., Nardone, G., Cuomo, R., Galeazzi, F., Bellini, M., Latiano, A., Houghton, L., Jonkers, D., Kurilshikov, A., Weersma, R. K., Netea, M., Tesarz, J., Gauss, A., Goebel-Stengel, M., Andresen, V., Frieling, T., Pehl, C., Schaefert, R., Niesler, B., Lieb, W., Hanevik, K., Langeland, N., Wensaas, K. -A., Litleskare, S., Gabrielsen, M. E., Thomas, L., Thijs, V., Lemmens, R., Van Oudenhove, L., Wouters, M., Farrugia, G., Franke, A., Hubenthal, M., Abecasis, G., Zawistowski, M., Skogholt, A. H., Ness-Jensen, E., Hveem, K., Esko, T., Teder-Laving, M., Zhernakova, A., Camilleri, M., Boeckxstaens, G., Whorwell, P. J., Spiller, R., Mcvean, G., D'Amato, M., Jostins, L., and Parkes, M.

Subjects
Male, Molecular Chaperone, Mood Disorder, 631/208/205/2138, Biology, 692/699/1503/1502/2071, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic pathways, 38/43, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Cytoskeletal Protein, Genetics, medicine, Genetic predisposition, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, CD56 Antigen, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Homeodomain Proteins, Humans, Middle Aged, Molecular Chaperones, Mood Disorders, United Kingdom, Polymorphism, 692/699/476, Irritable bowel syndrome, Depression (differential diagnoses), article, Homeodomain Protein, Single Nucleotide, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, medicine.disease, Neuroticism, Biobank, Mood, Cell Adhesion Molecule, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Anxiety Disorder, Human
Abstract

Funder: Kennedy Trust Rheumatology Research Prize Studentship, Funder: DFG Cluster of Excellence ���Precision Medicine in Chronic In-flammation��� (PMI; ID: EXC2167), Funder: EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific Programme: ���Ideas��� Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013)); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100011199; Grant(s): 715772, Funder: NWO-VIDI grant 016.178.056, the Netherlands Heart Foundation CVON grant 2018-27, and NWO Gravitation grant ExposomeNL, Funder: Li Ka Shing Foundation (Li Ka Shing Foundation Limited); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100007421, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) results from disordered brain���gut interactions. Identifying susceptibility genes could highlight the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We designed a digestive health questionnaire for UK Biobank and combined identified cases with IBS with independent cohorts. We conducted a genome-wide association study with 53,400 cases and 433,201 controls and replicated significant associations in a 23andMe panel (205,252 cases and 1,384,055 controls). Our study identified and confirmed six genetic susceptibility loci for IBS. Implicated genes included NCAM1, CADM2, PHF2/FAM120A, DOCK9, CKAP2/TPTE2P3 and BAG6. The first four are associated with mood and anxiety disorders, expressed in the nervous system, or both. Mirroring this, we also found strong genome-wide correlation between the risk of IBS and anxiety, neuroticism and depression (rg > 0.5). Additional analyses suggested this arises due to shared pathogenic pathways rather than, for example, anxiety causing abdominal symptoms. Implicated mechanisms require further exploration to help understand the altered brain���gut interactions underlying IBS.

Published
2021

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