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Hawk tea, a conventional herbal beverage, is renowned for its beneficial properties in enhancing digestion and mitigating hyperglycemic tendencies. However, the extraction methodology for hawk tea polyphenols (HTP) has been understudied thus far, impeding its progress and broader application. To develop an efficient approach for HTP extraction, the present study introduced and optimized the application of ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction. Under optimal extraction conditions, the extraction yield of polyphenols from raw HTP was 7.86 %. During purification, LX-B14 was selected due to the highest adsorption and desorption abilities. Then in an in vitro simulated digestion system, HTP significantly reduced the expected glycemic index, raised the content of resistant starch, and decreased the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating its potential for alleviating starch digestion. Accordingly, the results provide an alternative approach for efficiently obtaining phenolic compounds from hawk tea, facilitating the advanced utilization of HTP within the food industry. Graphical abstract [Display omitted] • UA-ATPE was utilized to obtain HTP, and the extraction parameters were optimized. • LX-B14 displayed the highest adsorption and desorption rates for purifying HTP. • Astragalin were the most abundant phenolic compound present in HTP. • HTP exhibited notable inhibitory effects on starch digestibility in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Context: Litsea coreana H. Lév. (Lauraceae) is used as an ethnic herb or beverage in China. Substantial studies indicate that it contains a variety of compounds and shows diverse bioactivities with no toxicity. Objective: This review analyzes and summarizes the ethnopharmacological applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of L. coreana. Methods: Related literature (from 1998 to 2016) was obtained and compiled via searching databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and PubMed. Keywords (Litsea coreana, hawk tea, eagle tea and laoying cha) were used to select the articles. Results: Studies indicate that L. coreana contains characteristic polysaccharides, polyphenols, essential oils, and numerious flavonoids, which exhibit remarkable bioactivities, such as hepatoprotection, hyperglycaemia, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and antibacterial, through multiple molecular mechanisms. Conclusion: This paper provides a systematic review on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of L. coreana which should be useful for further study and application of this medicinal herb.

Context:Litsea coreanaH. Lév. (Lauraceae) is used as an ethnic herb or beverage in China. Substantial studies indicate that it contains a variety of compounds and shows diverse bioactivities with no toxicity. Objective:This review analyzes and summarizes the ethnopharmacological applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms ofL. coreana. Methods:Related literature (from 1998 to 2016) was obtained and compiled via searching databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and PubMed. Keywords (Litsea coreana, hawk tea, eagle tea and laoying cha) were used to select the articles. Results:Studies indicate thatL. coreanacontains characteristic polysaccharides, polyphenols, essential oils, and numerious flavonoids, which exhibit remarkable bioactivities, such as hepatoprotection, hyperglycaemia, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and antibacterial, through multiple molecular mechanisms. Conclusion:This paper provides a systematic review on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activities ofL. coreanawhich should be useful for further study and application of this medicinal herb. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

【Objective】 This study aimed to verify the effect of different substrates on rooting capability of L. coreana shoot cuttings and provide the basis for substrate application of large-scale cutting seedling-raising. 【Method】 The effects of different substrates on rooting rate of cuttings and nutrient content，relative enzymatic activity and endogenous hormone level of calli at induction stage are studied by culturing adult L. coreana spring shoots treated with 50 mg/L GGR in three different substrates of purple soil， perlite and vermiculite respectively. 【Result】 The rooting rates of the cuttings cultured in purple soil，perlite and vermiculite were 70. 64 %，62. 29 % and 55. 86 %, respectively, and there was a difference in rooting rate very significantly among three substrates. Total phenols content of cuttings was positively related to PPO activity. The Chl content was positively related to SOD and CAT activity. The enhancement of photosynthetic ability brought about increase of reactive oxygen，MDA and pro line content in cuttings' leaves. The endogenesis IAA level was negatively related to rooting rate of cuttings. 【Conclusion】 The difference in pH and exchangeable bases content among three substrates leads to the difference in internal substance content and relative enzymatic activity of cuttings' leaves. The rooting inhibitors，phototoxicity and endogenesis IAA in the cuttings are main factors to bring about the difference in cuttings' rooting ability among three substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnoliid Litsea coreana has been the subject of a substantial amount of research owing to its production of many flavonoid metabolites, high food processing value, and a controversial phylogenetic position. For this study, we assembled a high-grade genome at the chromosome scale and annotation of L. coreana that was anchored to 12 chromosomes. The total genome was 1139.45 Mb, while the N50 scaffold was 97.18 Mb long. The analysis of phylogenetic trees constructed by different methods show that the phylogeny of Magnoliids is inconsistent, indicating that the differentiation process of monocots, eudicots, and Magnoliids still remains in dispute. An ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) event was shown to have occurred before the Magnoliales and Laurels had differentiated. Subsequently, an independent WGD appeared in the Lauralean lineage. A total of 27 types of flavonoids were detected in all five tissues of L. coreana. Chalcone synthases (CHSs) that are responsible for production of flavonoids have been validated at the bioinformatics level. The retention of comparative genomic analyses of the CHS gene family showed that this family had contracted significantly in L. coreana. Our research further elaborated the evolution of Lauraceae and perfected the genetic basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. coreana. Provides evidence that determines the evolutionary status of Magnoliids. The chalcone synthase gene family was significantly contracted in Litsea coreana. • This is the first high-quality Litsea coreana genome we have known. • Provide evidence for determining the evolutionary status of Magnoliids. • Perfect the genetic basis of Lauraceae flavonoid biosynthesis. • The chalcone synthase gene family was significantly contracted in Litsea coreana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on three chloroplast markers ( psbA- trnH, trnL- trnF, and trnT- trnL), we identified eight haplotypes in 23 samples of Litsea coreana collected from seven provinces across southern and southwestern China. The Hap6 was the most widely distributed haplotype. The genetic diversity was highest in Sichuan Province and its adjacent regions. Therefore, these regions should be areas of priority for conservation of L. coreana in the future. In addition, our molecular dating analyses indicated that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and past climate changes accounted for the diversification of L. coreana in China. Finally, we found that the chemical components of L. coreana were significantly affected by both collection time and postharvest handling methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the effects of temperature on the growth and development of Aglossa dimidiata parasitized on Litsea coreana, a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the mean development duration, development rate, and survival rate of A. dimidiata at its different growth stages at 31 °C, 28 °C, 25 °C, 22 °C, and 19 °C, with the development threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature for different growth stages calculated. Temperature had significant effects on the developmental duration. Except that the development duration of egg was shortened with increasing temperature, the development durations of larva, pupa, and immature A. dimidiata were the shortest at 25 °C, being 249.53±23.83, 12.94±1.27, and 273.00±24.19 days, respectively. There existed significant relationships between the development rates of A. dimidiata at its different growth stages and temperature, with positive linear relationship at egg stage, and quadratic relationship at larva, pupa, and immature stages. Temperature also had significant effects on the survival rate of A. dimidiata. The survival rates of A. dimidiata at its different growth stages were all the highest at 25 °C, being 94.0%, 73.8%, 91.3%, and 63.4% for the egg, larva, pupa, and immature A. dimidiata, respectively, followed by at 22 °C and 19 °C, and the lowest at 31 °C. No larva and pupa could survive at 31 °C, suggesting that A. dimidiata was not resistant to high temperature. The development threshold temperature for egg, larva, pupa, and immature A. dimidiata was 13.21 °C, 17.12 °C, 14.76 °C, and 16.47 °C, and the effective accumulated temperature was 117.94, 870.88, 149.70, and 1442.75 day-degree, respectively. The results coincided with the fact that the A. dimidiata reproduced 2 or 3 generations a year in Xifeng area of Guizhou, Southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hawk tea (HT), made from the leaves of Litsea coreana Levl. var. lanuginosa , is a traditional Chinese herbal tea. Different processing methods alter the chemical composition of the HT, which changes the sensory qualities and pharmacological properties. The chemical composition, sensory qualities, antioxidant activities, and potential hepatoprotection (ameliorating acute alcoholic liver damage using a mouse model) of pan-fried (PFHT), sun-dried (SDHT), and fermented hawk tea (FHT) were investigated. PFHT had the highest level of phenolics and flavonoids, followed by SDHT and FHT. The highest levels of total and floral/fruit-like volatiles were observed in FHT, which had the highest overall sensory acceptance using a consumer panel. The PFHT and SDHT showed stronger antioxidant activity than FHT. The HT aqueous extracts showed similar hepatoprotective effects in the mouse model, among which PFHT aqueous extracts were the most effective in suppressing hepatic steatosis. PFHT showed the highest health-promoting value with the highest yield of aqueous extracts and the best protective effects against alcoholic liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]