149 results on '"Lithuania Minor"'
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2. MAŽOSIOS LIETUVOS INSTRUMENTINIO MUZIKAVIMO TRADICIJA: DU LIKIMAI.
- Author
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Petrošienė, Lina
- Subjects
- LITHUANIA
- Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. ŠV. MARTYNO DIENA MAŽOJOJE LIETUVOJE: TRADICIJŲ REKONSTRUKCIJA.
- Author
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Blockytė-Naujokė, Kristina
- Subjects
NINETEENTH century ,TWENTIETH century ,FESTIVALS ,LITHUANIANS ,CONTINUITY - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. LIETUVININKŲ DAINUOJAMOJI TAUTOSAKA KLAIPĖDOS APYLINKĖSE XIX-XX A.
- Author
-
Petrošienė, Lina
- Subjects
FOLK music ,FOLK songs ,FOLKLORE ,ETHNOLOGY ,LITHUANIANS - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Prosody of F. W. Haack’s dictionary
- Author
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Vytautas Rinkevičius
- Subjects
Old Lithuanian ,historical accentology ,prosody ,accent notation ,Lithuania Minor ,Haack ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The article deals with the notation of prosodic features of Lithuanian words in F. W. Haack’s Lithuanian-German and German-Lithuanian dictionary (1730). First, the place of stress (in some cases also tone) is shown by Haack’s diacritical marks. Second, in some cases the place of stress is indirectly reflected by orthographic devices used to mark vowel quantity, e.g., the use of two different letters and for the long vowel y or the use of double consonants to mark the brevity of the preceding vowel. Finally, a separate valuable source of data for Lithuanian historical accentology is constituted by hand-written diacritical marks placed above some words in the copy of the dictionary held at Vilnius University Library.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Lietuvininkų dainavimo tradicija XX a. antrojoje pusėje – XXI a. pradžioje.
- Author
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PETROŠIENĖ, LINA
- Subjects
FOLK music ,HYMNS ,SUPPLY & demand ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,SINGING ,POPULAR music genres - Abstract
Copyright of Folklore Studies / Tautosakos Darbai is the property of Institute of Lithuanian Literature & Folklore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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7. EASTER IN LITHUANIA MINOR: CHANGES AND CONTINUITY IN TRADITION.
- Author
-
Blockytė-Naujokė, Kristina
- Subjects
EASTER ,NINETEENTH century ,CONTINUITY ,TWENTIETH century ,HOLIDAYS - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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8. RITUALS OF SOCIAL LEGITIMIZATION IN THE LITHUANIAN CHILDBIRTH CUSTOMS SYSTEM: TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS.
- Author
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Paukštytė-Šaknienė, Rasa
- Subjects
CHILDBIRTH ,LITHUANIANS ,SMALL cities ,SEVENTEENTH century ,PERSONALLY identifiable information ,MOTHER-infant relationship ,INFANT development - Abstract
By comparing data of the descriptions of birth customs of Lithuania Minor at the end of the seventeenth century and personal fieldwork data collected in the villages and small towns of south-eastern Lithuania (Dzūkija ethnographic region) in 1992-2007, I discuss the problem of modernization of Lithuanian culture through the diachronic change of structural elements of the birth cycle performed after the birth of a child. I distinguish the three consecutive stages in the cycle of birth customs - the first visit to the baby and the mother (lankynos), baptism, and churching of the woman - and make an attempt to reveal changes in them in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in terms of historical development, chronological duration, and social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Linguistic commentaries on the „Verzeichnis veralteter oder wenig bekannter litauischer Wörter' collected by Gottfried Ostermeyer in Lithuania Minor (Kleinlitauen).
- Author
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Katsiaryna Ackermann
- Subjects
Lithuanian ,East Prussia ,Lithuania Minor ,Gottfried Ostermeyer ,glossary ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The present article introduces a list of glosses to a collection of Lithuanian protestant spiritual hymns, compelled by Gottfried Ostermeyer, one of the prominent intellectuals and promoter of the Lithuanian culture and language of the 18th century in Lithuania Minor. The glossary was intended to facilitate the understanding of certain older or less known expressions, as Ostermeyer put it ‘obsoleta und minus cognita’, and due to political disputes among the intellectual community in East Prussian Lithuania Minor at the time of their publication fell into oblivion. The paper discuses a more or less random selection of twenty entries from the glossary, focusing on their dialectal features, semantic and morphological divergence from existing derivatives of the same root, and pays special attention to the derivational history and cross-IE cognates.Judging by the material studied in the paper the Lithuanian spoken idiom of the 17th-18th c. appears to be very vivid in onomasiology, creative in the usage of morphological means and still in possession of certain roots already gone in the dictionaries of the late 19th century and scarcely perceivable in the modern paramount linguistic database of LKŽ.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. SEKMINĖS MAŽOJOJE LIETUVOJE: NUO PIRMŲJŲ PAMINĖJIMŲ IKI ŠIŲ DIENŲ.
- Author
-
Blockytė-Naujokė, Kristina
- Subjects
PENTECOST ,NINETEENTH century ,TWENTIETH century ,FESTIVALS - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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11. Easter Egg Symbolism in Lithuania Minor.
- Author
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BLOCKYTĖ-NAUJOKĖ, Kristina
- Subjects
EASTER eggs ,INPAINTING ,ETHNICITY ,EASTER ,SYMBOLISM ,MODERN society ,GIFTED children - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Humanitarica Universitatis Saulensis is the property of Acta Humanitarica Universitatis Saulensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
12. MAŽOSIOS LIETUVOS TEKSTILINIO KREPŠELIO GAMINIMO IR DĖVĖJIMO MOTYVACIJA ŠIANDIEN. TAPATYBĖS RAIŠKOS ATSPINDŽIAI APRANGOJE.
- Author
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Matulionienė, Elena
- Subjects
DEGRADATION of textiles ,RESEARCH & development ,COSTUME ,CONTINUITY ,SYMBOLISM ,PSYCHOLOGY of color ,MILITARY decorations - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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13. ADAMO HONORY'IO KIRKORO KNYGŲ LEIDYBA LIETUVIŲ KALBA RUSIJOS IMPERIJOS ĮVESTO LIETUVIŠKOSIOS SPAUDOS DRAUDIMO LAIKAIS.
- Author
-
Kaunas, Domas
- Subjects
- *
PRINCES , *AUTHOR-publisher relations , *NATIONALISM , *PUBLISHING , *LITHUANIANS , *CULTURAL adaptation , *CULTURAL activities - Abstract
Research into Adam Honory Kirkor's life and work was initiated by a specialist in the history of Lithuanian culture, Michał Eustachy Brensztein, in his applied study Adam Honory Kirkor: Publisher, Editor and Vilnius Printer in 1834-67 (Adam Honory Kirkor. Wydawca, redaktor i właściciel drukarni w Wilnie od roku 1834 do 1867. Wilno, 1930). Presently his historiography has become internationally famous, and due to numerous publications in various languages it has branched out into the Polish, Lithuanian, and Belorusian trends. The Lithuanian trend was shaped by Kirkor's liberal and compromise views recognizing the merits of historical Lithuania and the prospects of its continuity as well as by the reduced possibilities of research and cultural activities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth occupied by imperial Russia. The research and fact-finding works by Lithuanian researchers Reda Griškaitė, Antanas Kulakauskas, Pavel Lavrinets, Juozas Maceika, Zita Medišauskienė, Vytautas Merkys, Darius Staliūnas, and other authors in most cases analyze Kirkor's attitude towards the Lithuanian national revival movement and his relations with the participants of this movement. In the article by the present author, research is oriented towards the adaptations, translations into Lithuanian and their publication in Lithuania Minor following the Lithuanian press ban in Greater Lithuania of three works by Kirkor: Grand Duke Vytautas (Beликiй князъ Витовтъ) published in a book by several authors Outlines of the History and Life of the Lithuanian People (Черты изъ исторiи и жизни литовскаго народа. Вильно, 1854); A Guide to Vilnius and Its Environs (Przewodnik po Wilnie i jego okolicach. Wilno, 1880); The Graves of Grand Dukes and Kings in Vilnius (Groby wielkoksiążęce i królewskie w Wilnie. Warszawa, 1882). A deeper insight is offered into the relationship between the author and the publishers and collaborators of the monthly Auszra that promoted the ideas of the Lithuanian national revival. The latter prepared the first Lithuanian translations of Kirkor's works in conformity with the ideological aspirations of the Lithuanian nation in the new times. The sources of research were Kirkor's books published in Polish and Lithuanian as well as the archival and published documents connected with the publishing process, and the bibliographical data accumulated by the bibliologists of several generations. Use is also made of the results of the assessment of the publishing organization and culture of Kirkor's books established by the de visu method. In the course of research, a proposition is suggested that the need for Kirkor's books felt by 19th-century Lithuanian society was programed in advance. The publishing of their Lithuanian translations in Tilsit (lit. Tilžė) and Bittehnen (lit. Bitėnai) accelerated the integration of Lithuanians in Lithuania Minor and Greater Lithuania and the civic rapprochement between the residents of old and new Lithuania, fostered their historical and national identity and promoted cultural variety and progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. GROMADKARZE LITEWSCY I MAZURSCY WOBEC ZABOBONÓW, „BAJEK” I „RZECZY BRZYDKICH”.
- Author
-
Prusinowska, Justyna
- Abstract
Copyright of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie is the property of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
15. Mažosios Lietuvos statybinio paveldo išsaugojimo galimybių studija
- Author
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Marozaitė, Gintarė and Povilaitienė, Ingrida
- Subjects
architecture ,architektūra ,kultūros paveldas ,Mažoji Lietuva ,tourism ,statybinis paveldas ,cultural heritage ,turizmas ,Lithuania Minor ,construction heritage - Abstract
Mažosios Lietuvos profesionali architektūra nagrinėta tik kelių autorių, visuomenėje, žiniasklaidoje jai skiriama mažai dėmesio. Mažosios Lietuvos statybinis paveldas yra gausiai išlikęs Mažosios Lietuvos kaimiškose ir miestiškose gyvenvietėse, o statiniai, nors ir dažnais atvejais apleisti, tačiau išlaikę savo architekūrines vertes. Didelis kiekis išlikusių pastatų primena apie Mažosios Lietuvos istoriją, tačiau spartėjant globalizacijos procesams kyla istorinės užmaršties grėsmė. Nepelnyta Mažosios Lietuvos profesionalios architektūros užmarštis daro neigiamą įtaką Mažosios Lietuvos urbanistiniam bei kraštotvarkiniam karkasui – apleisti pastatai nėra patrauklūs nei gyventojams, nei turistams, sunku pritraukti verslus į provinciją. Atlikti teoriniai tyrimai parodė, kad tinkamos funkcijos pritaikymas istoriniam pastatui, tinkamos vietovės populiarinimo strategijos suformulavimas, turizmo vystymas bei visuomenės edukacijos spartinimas padeda istoriniams pastatams išlikti ir būti naudojamais dar kartą ir būti naudojamiems ateityje. Empirinių tyrimų metu atliktos sociologinės apklausos parodė, kad nors visuomenėje trūksta kultūros paveldo saugojimo žinių, tačiau turizmo, orientuoto į Mažosios Lietuvos profesionalios architektūros pažinimą, plėtra yra vienas iš greičiausių būdų atgaivinti istorinę architektūrą provincijoje. Regiono planinės – erdvinės struktūros analizės metu pastebėta, kad Mažosios Lietuvos mastelis yra itin patogus turizmo plėtrai traukiniu, pėsčiomis bei dviračiu. Eksperimentinis projektas parengtas pagal sudarytą koncepcinį modelį. Projektas susideda iš 3 dalių: Mažosios Lietuvos turistinės infrastruktūros scenarijaus, turistinio maršruto modelio ir traukinių stoties gyvenvietės urbanistinės struktūros gerinimo. Apibendrinus visas tris dalis kuriamos rekomendacinio pobūdžio gairės, kuriomis remiantis saugojamas Mažosios Lietuvos statybinis paveldas., The professional architecture of Lithuania Minor has been studied only by a few authors and only a little attention has been paid to it by the society and in the media. The built heritage of Lithuania is abundant in the rural and urban settlements of Lithuania Minor, and the buildings, although often abandoned, have retained their architectural values. Many survived buildings is a reminder of the history of Lithuania, but with the acceleration of globalization, the threat of historical oblivion arises. The undeserved oblivion of the professional architecture of Lithuania Minor has a strong negative effect on the urban and landscaping framework of Lithuania Minor — abandoned buildings are attractive neither to residents nor to the tourists; it is difficult to attract businesses to the province. Theoretical research showed that selection of the right function for a historic building, formulation of the appropriate strategy for the site's popularisation, development of tourism, and acceleration of the public education can help historic buildings to survive and be used again. Sociological surveys, conducted during the empirical research, showed that although there is a lack of knowledge in the society about the preservation of cultural heritage, the development of tourism focused on the recognition of professional architecture in Lithuania Minor is one of the fastest ways to revive historical architecture in the province. During the analysis of the planar-spatial structure of the region, it was noticed that the scale of Lithuania Minor is very convenient for the development of tourism by train, on foot, and by bicycle. The experimental project was developed based on the conceptual model. The project consists of 3 parts — the scenario of the tourist infrastructure of Lithuania Minor, the model of the tourist route, and the improvement of the urban structure of the train station settlement. After summarizing all three parts, guidelines of a recommendatory nature are developed, on the basis of which the built heritage of Lithuania Minor could be protected.
- Published
- 2022
16. RAŠYTOJOS IEVOS SIMONAITYTĖS 120-METIS: ATMINTIS, PAVELDAS IR KOMUNIKACIJA.
- Author
-
Kaunas, Domas
- Abstract
The subject of research is the experience and results of the commemoration of the 120th birth anniversary of the writer Ieva Simonaitytė (1897-1978). The significance of this event, celebrated on the national scale, like other anniversaries of prominent personalities in Lithuanian history, was validated by the decision of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and by the 2017 State program,approved by the Prime Minister. Such a decision meant that the State pledged itself to highlight the writer's humanistic values and her creative heritage. The aims of research were to determine the initiatives of the writer's anniversary commemoration , the most important documents and the objectives raised in them, the process of their realization, the achievements and the content. According to the collected data, the events commemorating Ieva Simonaitytė's anniversary were held all over Lithuania. However, the most important ones were centred in the writer's native land - West Lithuania, the former Klaipėda Region. Major events were organized in the cities and towns of Klaipėda, Šilutė, Pagėgiai, Priekulė, Gargždai as the cultural centres of the nearest local authorities. Such an orientation can be explained by the limited budgetary funding of the commemoration program, with scanty allocations mainly channeled to the region's libraries, museums, Klaipėda University academics, the local movements of cultural workers and public figures and theinitiatives launched by them. As regards the scholarly and information aspect, due to the pool of intellectual and financial resources, Vilnius played an important role. The scientific institutions of the capital city held a seminar and discus sion on The Relevance of Ieva Simonaitytė, and the texts of the reports of the participants were published in the journal Colloquia (2017, Nr. 38); the Vilnius University Academic Publishers published a book of evidential texts and reminiscences, I'm Evė, Daughter of Etmė. Lithuanian Radio and Television released a documentary Ieva Simonaitytė and a radio version of the novel Vilius Karalius; they are professional and powerful, unfortunately, somewhat belated as they were shown at the end of the anniversary year. The program did not contain any long-term projects: the major novels and autobiographical books by Simonaitytė were not republished; compilation of the home library catalogue and the author's bibliography was not undertaken; the publication of the epistolary heritage, especially in the German language, was not continued; and a conference on the up-to-date analysis and assessment of the personality and her work was not held. The public was disappointed by the dire state of the Ieva Simonaitytė memorial museum in the town of Priekulė and failure to include it in to the activities of promoting her creative heritage. The Lithuanian general education schools have a problem too: the writer's literary works had been removed from their curricula for 20 years. When it was included into them again in 2016, teachers were faced with difficulties due to the lost experience and methods, the inability to convey the national, moral and social problems raised in the novels, the exceptional qualities of her characters, and the powerful suggestibility of Simonaitytė's narratives. During discussions, the duty to fulfil the writer's will was stressed: to move her remains from Vilnius to the garden at her memorial museum in Priekulė. To realize these tasks, it is necessary to prepare a long-term (for the duration of several years) program of commemorating Simonaitytė's work. Her novels are still relevant today as it was witnessed by a piece of investigative journalism: while celebrating the centenary of the restoration of Lithuania's independence, in the list of the Hundred of Centenary Books rated by a public opinion poll, the most important books of the writer were placed sixth and seventh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. SEKMINĖS MAŽOJOJE LIETUVOJE: NUO PIRMŲJŲ PAMINĖJIMŲ IKI ŠIŲ DIENŲ
- Author
-
Kristina Blockytė Naujokė
- Subjects
Lietuvininkai ,'Lietuvininkai' ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Pentecost ,Šventės. Atmintinos dienos / Festivals. Holy days ,Calendar feasts ,Mažoji Lietuva ,General Medicine ,Lithuania Minor ,Sekminės - Abstract
Straipsnyje, pasitelkiant autentišką lietuvininkų medžiagą, analizuojama Mažosios Lietuvos Sekminių šventės specifika chronologiniu aspektu (nuo pirmųjų paminėjimų iki šių dienų), siekiama atskleisti šventės bendruosius raidos etapus ir šiuolaikines papročių transformacijas. Analizuojami pagrindiniai XIX a. pab. – XX a. lietuvininkų Sekminių šventės modelio elementai ir lyginami su kitų regionų šventės elementais, atskleidžiant struktūrinius ir funkcinius kalendorinių apeigų pokyčius. Siekiama išanalizuoti šiuolaikinius (nuo 1990 m.) mažlietuvių Sekminių šventės papročius ir aptarti etninės tradicijos tęstinumo galimybes šių dienų šventės modelyje. Using authentic material from inhabitants of Lithuania Minor, the article analyses the specific nature of the feast of Pentecost in this region, in terms of its chronological development (starting with the first written references up to this day), in order to reveal the most conspicuous stages in its development, and modern transformations of the customs and traditions. The article covers the main elements of the feast of Pentecost for the Lietuvininkai dating from the end of the 19th and the 20th century. These elements are then compared to the feast of Pentecost in other regions, in order to reveal structural and functional changes in calendar festivals.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. MAŽOSIOS LIETUVOS TEKSTILINIO KREPŠELIO GAMINIMO IR DĖVĖJIMO MOTYVACIJA ŠIANDIEN. TAPATYBĖS RAIŠKOS ATSPINDŽIAI APRANGOJE
- Author
-
Elena Matulionienė
- Subjects
Dėvėjimas ,Motyvacija / Motivation ,Production ,Delmonas ,General Medicine ,Wearing ,Lithuania Minor ,Symbolic meaning ,Kultūrinis identitetas / Cultural identitity ,Tekstilinis krepšelis ,Rankdarbis ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Mitologija / Mythology ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Handicraft ,Textile pocket ,Identity expression - Abstract
Šio straipsnio tikslas – atsakyti į Mažosios Lietuvos tautinio kostiumo tekstilinio krepšelio raidos tyrime iškilusius klausimus, susijusius su krepšelio gaminimo ir dėvėjimo motyvacija, dekoro charakteristikų pasirinkimu, ornamentikos ir spalvinių derinių simbolika. Atliktų lauko tyrimų analizė atskleidžia etnokultūrinės tapatybės raiškos per tekstilinių krepšelių gaminimą ir dėvėjimą apraiškas. Pasirenkamiems krepšelio dekoravimo elementams tradiciškai priskiriamų ir naujai suteikiamų simbolinių prasmių analizė parodo simbolio tęstinumo bei kaitos atvejus. Krepšelio dėvėjimas ne tik su Mažosios Lietuvos tautiniu kostiumu atskleidžia asmens tapatybės raišką per pasirinktų aprangos detalių dėvėjimą. Tekstilinių krepšelių gaminimas aktyvėja augant paklausai. Tyrime analizuojama pagal autorės sudarytus klausimynus iš gerai informuotų pateikėjų (tekstilinių krepšelių gamintojų ir dėvėtojų) surinkta medžiaga. The purpose of this article is to answer the questions raised in the course of the research on the development of textile pocket of the national costume of Lithuania Minor in relation to the motivation for production and wearing of pockets, the choice in decoration characteristics, the symbolism of ornamentation and colour combinations. The analysis of the accomplished field research reveals the manifestations of the expression of the ethnocultural identity through production and wearing of textile pockets. The analysis of the symbolic meanings traditionally attributed and newly assigned to the chosen decorative elements of pockets reveals the cases of the continuity and change of a symbol. The act of wearing a pocket not only with the national costume of Lithuania Minor demonstrates the expression of one’s identity through wearing the chosen parts of clothing. The growing demand stimulates the production of textile pockets. The research analyses the material collected from the well-informed presenters (makers and wearers of textile pockets) based on the questionnaires compiled by the author of the present article.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Prosody of F. W. Haack’s dictionary
- Author
-
Rinkevičius, Vytautas
- Subjects
Old Lithuanian ,historical accentology ,prosody ,accent notation ,Lithuania Minor ,Haack - Abstract
The article deals with the notation of prosodic features of Lithuanian words in F. W. Haack’s Lithuanian-German and German-Lithuanian dictionary (1730). First, the place of stress (in some cases also tone) is shown by Haack’s diacritical marks. Second, in some cases the place of stress is indirectly reflected by orthographic devices used to mark vowel quantity, e.g., the use of two different letters and for the long vowel y or the use of double consonants to mark the brevity of the preceding vowel. Finally, a separate valuable source of data for Lithuanian historical accentology is constituted by hand-written diacritical marks placed above some words in the copy of the dictionary held at Vilnius University Library.
- Published
- 2022
20. ANALYSIS OF THE 20TH CENTURY VILLAGES IN NEMUNAS DELTA REGIONAL PARK.
- Author
-
Atkocevičienė, Virginija, Valčiukienė, Jolanta, Juknelienė, Daiva, and Agintaitė - Kirstukienė, Kristina
- Subjects
CULTURAL property ,WETLAND management ,RURAL development ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
Nemunas Delta Regional Park and its surroundings is the land of heritage of Lithuania Minor with its special history, unique scenery, original ethnoculture, and valuable cultural heritage. Villages and homesteads of Lithuania Minor were of greater variety than in Lithuania Propria as there were no forced rural restructuring which had a great impact on the establishment and development of villages, thus ancient villages had been preserved in Nemunas Delta Regional Park until the post-war period. These villages may be grouped not only by location, and names, but also by lifestyle peculiarities of villagers. Peculiar natural conditions of the coastal and lagoon areas had a continuous influence on the inhabitants of that area. Coasts were covered with the sands and wetlands, which were poorly suitable for conventional agricultural activities that people living in dry areas were engaged in. Therefore, homesteads and villages typical for farmers were not formed in these areas. The main aim of this article is to provide the analysis of the conditions of village emergence and development in the territory of Nemunas Delta Regional Park on the basis of historical written sources. The research showed that the villages located in the territory of Nemunas Delta Regional Park are disappearing, the number of rural residents and homes is decreasing. One of the defunct villages that should be mentioned is the village of Skirvytėlė located in the territory of Nemunas Delta Regional Park. It is presupposed that the names and boundaries of other villages may become extinct in the future as well. Therefore, it is important to assess the extent of the vanishing of villages and to develop a legal system to preserve the names and boundaries of vanishing villages for future generations so that the villages would not only be seen in historical maps. Also, in order to preserve the Prussian ethnocultural heritage of Lithuania Minor and Samogitian ethnocultural heritage of Lithuania Propria and the uniqueness of their landscape, it is expedient to make use of these advantages in developing an attractive image of a touristic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
21. CZY „TRUSKA” RÓWNA SI Ę DRUSKA? JESZCZE RAZ O TOPONIMIE „TRUSO”.
- Author
-
Panfil, Rafał
- Abstract
Copyright of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie is the property of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
22. Mažosios Lietuvos, kaip turistinio regiono, suvenyrų kūrimo gairės
- Author
-
Bagdonavičiūtė, Eglė and Abramovičienė, Agnė
- Subjects
representation ,suvenyras ,tourist region ,Mažoji Lietuva ,įvaizdis ,souvenir ,reprezentavimas ,turistinis regionas ,image ,Lithuania Minor - Abstract
Darbo tikslas. Parengti gaires Mažosios Lietuvos regioną reprezentuojančio suvenyro kūrimui. Išvados. Kuriant turistinio regiono suvenyrus svarbu atsižvelgti į regioninius bruožus, išlaikyti autentiškumą, numatyti įvairius dizaino aspektus bei aiškiai pavaizduoti objekto santykį su suvenyru. Rekomendacijose nurodomi Mažosios Lietuvos regiono istoriniai, kultūriniai, etniniai, gamtiniai, geografiniai bruožai bei kiti suvenyrų kūrimo aspektai. Rekomendacijų pabaigoje pateikti pirminiai suvenyrų pavyzdžiai, kurie nėra iki galo išbaigti, todėl gali būti koreguojami vadovaujantis pateiktomis rekomendacijomis., Research objective. To prepare guidelines for the creation of a souvenir representing the region of Lithuania Minor. Conclusion. 2. When creating souvenirs for tourist regions, it is important to take into account the regional characteristics, preserve authenticity, anticipate various aspects of design, and clearly depict the correlation between the object and the souvenir. 5. The provided recommendations indicate the historical, cultural, ethnic, natural and geographical characteristics of the region of Lithuania Minor, and other souvenir creation aspects. The recommendations include initial examples of souvenirs which are not fully completed and can be adjusted according to the provided recommendations.
- Published
- 2021
23. Lithuania Minor and Prussia on the old maps (1806–2008)
- Author
-
Viktoras Lukoševičius
- Subjects
Prussia ,Lithuania Minor ,lietuvininkai ,historical destiny ,old maps ,language maps ,Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
While continuing researches on ancient cartography (Lukoševičius 2013) the publication is aimed at viewing maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia in the perspective of historical events, with a special emphasis on most important historical events as well as cartography development moments. The method used is analysis of different maps, by different authors, found in cartographical archives. The article presents the authors and designers 48 maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia and discusses map characteristics. It also provides links that are helpful for the readers interested in a more detailed studies of specific maps. Summarizing research results the authors conclude that ancient maps where Lithuania Minor is marked are true historical witnesses helping to understand long and complicated formation process of Lithuania Minor and the state of Lithuania; however the analysis alone is insufficient to fully reveal its historic concept.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Lithuania Minor and Prussia on the old maps (1525–1808)
- Author
-
Viktoras Lukoševičius
- Subjects
Prussia ,Lithuania Minor ,lietuvininkai ,historical destiny ,old maps ,language maps ,Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
While continuing researches on ancient cartography the publication is aimed at viewing maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia in the perspective of historical events, with a special emphasis on most important historical events as well as cartography development moments. The method used is analysis of different maps, by different authors, found in cartographical archives. The article presents the authors and designers 37 maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia and discusses map characteristics. It also provides links that are helpful for the readers interested in a more detailed studies of specific maps. Summarizing research results the authors conclude that ancient maps where Lithuania Minor is marked are true historical witnesses helping to understand long and complicated formation process of Lithuania Minor and the state of Lithuania; however the analysis alone is insufficient to fully reveal its historic concept.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Kalbų kontaktai Mažojoje Lietuvoje XVIII a. : Slavizmai Kristijono Donelaičio poemos „Metai“ leksikoje
- Author
-
Telycenaite, Kristina and Telycenaite, Kristina
- Abstract
Slavic loanwords, which were widely used in the Lithuanian language in the 18th century, are the target of this study. Researchers have continually faced the problem to distinguish which of Slavic languages – Ruthenian (Belarusian), Polish, or Old Russian – have had the biggest influence on Lithuanian. This study focusses on the Slavic loanwords in the poem “Metai” by Kristijonas Donelaitis, the first work of fiction in Lithuanian language written in Lithuania Minor. The research is done through the analysis of K. Donelaitis' lexica in the poem: the Slavic loanwords are first selected, then classified according to the Slavic language to which they belong, and then put into a topical field (professions, musical instruments, holidays, household domain, etc.). It was difficult to determine through which Slavic language the loanwords came into the Lithuanian language. However, it was identified that Belarusian, in most of the cases, seems to have had the biggest influence in K. Donelaitis' lexicon., The defense took place via ZOOM.
- Published
- 2020
26. LITHUANIA MINOR AND PRUSSIA ON THE OLD MAPS (1525-1808).
- Author
-
Lukoševičius, Viktoras
- Subjects
- *
CARTOGRAPHY , *SYSTEMS design , *GEODESY , *GEOLOGICAL mapping , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
While continuing researches on ancient cartography the publication is aimed at viewing maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia in the perspective of historical events, with a special emphasis on most important historical events as well as cartography development moments. The method used is analysis of different maps, by different authors, found in cartographical archives. The article presents the authors and designers 37 maps of Lithuania Minor and Prussia and discusses map characteristics. It also provides links that are helpful for the readers interested in a more detailed studies of specific maps. Summarizing research results the authors conclude that ancient maps where Lithuania Minor is marked are true historical witnesses helping to understand long and complicated formation process of Lithuania Minor and the state of Lithuania; however the analysis alone is insufficient to fully reveal its historic concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. EPITAFIJOS LIE.
- Author
-
Balčiūnienė, Asta and Bukantytė, Eglė
- Subjects
LINGUISTICS ,EPITAPHS ,CEMETERIES ,LANGUAGE & languages ,TRANSLATING & interpreting ,GERMAN language ,NOUNS - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
28. Apie istorinio regiono virsmą vaizduotės regionu. Mažosios Lietuvos pavyzdys.
- Author
-
SAFRONOVAS, Vasilijus
- Abstract
The case of a historical region in East Prussia distinguished for the prevalence of Lithuanian culture in it is analysed in the article, which deals with the shift of its spatial perception during the period from the 16th to the 20th century. Two main dimensions of such a perception are analysed: name and confines of the territory. The study examines geopolitical and ideological factors which determined different designations and territorial delineations of the region, as well as the impact made by those differences to the changing conception of 'Lithuania Minor' in the Lithuanian imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
29. MAŽOSIOS LIETUVOS GIESMYNAI IKI 1705 M.
- Author
-
Michelini, Guido
- Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
30. F. KURŠAIČIO PARENGTOS 3-IOSIOS GIESMYNO DALIES 1930 M. PAPILDYMO RYŠIAI SU TUOMEČIAIS LEIDINIAIS.
- Author
-
Michelini, Guido
- Subjects
LUTHERAN Church ,NINETEENTH century ,HYMNS ,CHURCH music ,PIETISM ,RELIGIOUS movements ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
31. JONO VANAGAIČIO INDĖLIS Į MAŽOSIOS LIETUVOS KULTŪRINIŲ (MUZIKINIŲ) DRAUGIJŲ VEIKLĄ.
- Author
-
Kšanienė, Daiva
- Subjects
CULTURAL activities ,NINETEENTH century ,SOCIAL advocacy ,CULTURAL production - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
32. VAIKŲ DAINUOJAMOJI TAUTOSAKA MAŽOJOJE LIETUVOJE.
- Author
-
Petrošienė, Lina
- Subjects
LITHUANIAN children's songs ,LITHUANIAN folk songs ,NINETEENTH century ,HARMONY in music ,LITHUANIAN songs - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
33. PAGĖGIŲ APYLINKIŲ DVARAI.
- Author
-
Purvinas, Martynas and Purvinienė, Marija
- Subjects
- *
MANORS , *THIRTEENTH century , *SOCIAL context , *HAY , *NOBILITY (Social class) ,SAMOGITIA (Lithuania) - Abstract
From the end of the 13th century Pagegiai and its environs were ruled by the Teutonic Order. From 1525 it was part of the Prussian State belonging to the ethnic-cultural region of Lithuania Minor. The estates located in those lands existed in a different legal, economical and social environment than those of the neighbouring Samogitia in the west of mainland Lithuania. The manor houses and service buildings were situated in the flooded meadows of the valley of the River Nemunas that occupied around 25 km2 of the area. The luxurious grassland dominating these areas determined the specific activity on these estates, i.e. they were involved in hay harvesting and cattle-breeding rather than traditional agriculture. The original large manor-farmsteads were established by the River Nemunas (in the past it was the most important water route from mainland Lithuania to Prussia and Western Europe) and near the land roads. The specific historical evolution (establishment of the ruler's [i.e. state] courts [mansions], their rent in the 18th century and their subsequent privatization) determined the exceptional characteristics of the activity on the estates of Pagegiai environs. They operated more as productive-economic units, which was not typical of mainland Lithuania. In very rare cases, they were perceived as dynastic centres of one or another family of the nobility. Mostly both the buildings and the grounds of these manors were modest probably under the influence of the Protestant (Lutheran) religion and world outlook. The manor houses in Pagegiai environs did not function as entertainment centres in contrast to mainland Lithuania. The buildings were constructed of wood, clay and field stones. In the 19th century masonry become popular: stables, cattle-sheds and production buildings were made of durable red bricks. However, the ancient buildings did not survive due to the fragmented reconstructions. In the aftermath of the Soviet occupation of October 1944 the majority of the manor houses and service buildings in Pagegiai environs were completely destroyed. Extant are only several manor houses, others have survived only in remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
34. Mažosios Lietuvos kultūrinio savitumo raiŠka senūjū raŠytiniū Šaltiniū kontekste.
- Author
-
PAUKŠTYTĖ-ŠAKNIENĖ, RASA
- Abstract
Copyright of Lituanistica is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
35. JONO PIPIRO SUDARYTI GIESMIŲ RINKINĖLIAI VOKIŠKAME KONTEKSTE.
- Author
-
Michelini, Guido
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC usage ,LUTHERANS ,CLERGY ,GRAMMAR ,COMPARATIVE grammar - Abstract
Copyright of Res Humanitariae is the property of Res Humanitariae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
36. Lithuanian Passages in Music and Life of Foreign Composers.
- Author
-
Petrauskaitė, Danutė
- Subjects
LITHUANIAN music ,20TH century music ,WAR ,COMPOSERS ,MILITARY occupation - Abstract
Copyright of Musicology of Lithuania / Lietuvos muzikologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Music & Theatre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
37. HERMANO ZUDERMANO KŪRYBA LIETUVOS TEATRE.
- Author
-
Kančas, Raimondas
- Subjects
DRAMATISTS ,AUTHORS ,ARTISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Spaces of Creation is the property of Spaces of Creation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
38. Rituals of social legitimization in the Lithuanian childbirth customs system: traditions and innovations
- Author
-
Rasa Paukštytė-Šaknienė
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Contemporary society ,History ,Baptism ,Gender studies ,Lithuanian ,Šiuolaikinė visuomenė ,Lithuania Minor ,Pietryčių Lietuva (Southeastern Lithuania) ,language.human_language ,Gimtuvių papročių ciklas ,Gimimo papročių ciklas ,Socialiniai pokyčiai ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Anthropology ,Krikštas ,Mažoji Lietuva ,language ,Social changes ,Childbirth ,South-eastern Lithuania - Abstract
By comparing data of the descriptions of birth customs of Lithuania Minor at the end of the seventeenth century and personal fieldwork data collected in the villages and small towns of south-eastern Lithuania (Dzūkija ethnographic region) in 1992–2007, I discuss the problem of modernization of Lithuanian culture through the diachronic change of structural elements of the birth cycle performed after the birth of a child. I distinguish the three consecutive stages in the cycle of birth customs – the first visit to the baby and the mother (lankynos), baptism, and churching of the woman – and make an attempt to reveal changes in them in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in terms of historical development, chronological duration, and social interaction.
- Published
- 2020
39. Easter in Lithuania minor: changes and continuity in tradition
- Author
-
Kristina Blockytė-Naujokė
- Subjects
Liaudies kultūra / Folk culture ,Rites ,History ,Ethnical culture ,General Medicine ,Minor (academic) ,Ancient history ,Traditions ,Easter ,Calendar holidays ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Šventės. Atmintinos dienos / Festivals. Holy days ,Lithuania Minor ,rites ,calendar holidays ,Papročiai. Apeigos / Customs. Rites ,Mažoji Lietuva (Lithuania Minor) - Abstract
Straipsnyje, pasitelkiant autentišką lietuvininkų medžiagą, analizuojama Mažosios Lietuvos Velykų specifika chronologiniu aspektu (nuo pirmųjų paminėjimų iki šių dienų), siekiama atskleisti bendruosius šventės raidos etapus ir šiuolaikines papročių transformacijas. Nagrinėjami pagrindiniai XIX a. pab. – XX a. Velykų modelio elementai, atskleidžiant struktūrinius ir funkcinius kalendorinių apeigų pokyčius. Taip pat siekiama išanalizuoti ir šiuolaikinius (nuo 1990 m.) šventės papročius bei aptarti etninės tradicijos tęstinumo galimybes šių dienų šventės modelyje. The goal of the article is to examine chronologically the specific nature of the Easter holiday in Lithuania Minor, to determine structural and functional changes in calendar traditions and rites. The main task is to differentiate and characterise models of the Lietuvininkai Easter holiday: archaic (from the first mention of holidays to the end of the 19th century); the end of the 19th century to the 20th; and the present time (since 1990).
- Published
- 2020
40. Vilkyškių istorinės ir urbanistinės raidos bruožai XX a
- Author
-
Purvinas, Martynas and Purvinienė, Marija
- Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Church-villages ,Dvarai / Manors ,Vilkyškiai ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Urban monuments ,Bažnytkaimiai ,Urban development ,Urban structure ,Miestai ir miesteliai / Cities and towns ,Lithuania Minor ,Mansions ,Pagėgiai - Abstract
Straipsnio objektas - iki šiol Lietuvoje mažiau žinomi Vilkyškių gyvenvietės (Pagėgių sav), nuo 1969 m. Lietuvos urbanistikos paminklo, raidos bruožai. Tikslas - apibūdinti savitus Vilkyškių gyvenvietės istorinės ir urbanistinės raidos bruožus nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu. Mažosios Lietuvos stambesnės gyvenvietės ypatumus, nurodyti ligšiolinėse publikacijose apie Vilkyškius skelbtus klaidingus teiginius, neparemtus faktais ir istorinių šaltinių duomenimis.
- Published
- 2020
41. Language contacts in Lithuania Minor in the 18th century : Slavic loanwords in the lexicon of Kristijonas Donelaitis' poem 'Metai'
- Author
-
Telycenaite, Kristina
- Subjects
slavizmai ,Kristijonas Donelaitis ,lenkų kalba ,Lithuania Minor ,XVIII amžius ,Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Lithuanian ,Humanities and the Arts ,Humaniora och konst ,lietuvių kalba ,rusėnų kalba ,Kristijonas Donelaitis poema „Metai“ ,poem Metai ,Slavic loanwords ,senoji rusų kalba ,kalbų kontaktai - Abstract
Slavic loanwords, which were widely used in the Lithuanian language in the 18th century, are the target of this study. Researchers have continually faced the problem to distinguish which of Slavic languages – Ruthenian (Belarusian), Polish, or Old Russian – have had the biggest influence on Lithuanian. This study focusses on the Slavic loanwords in the poem “Metai” by Kristijonas Donelaitis, the first work of fiction in Lithuanian language written in Lithuania Minor. The research is done through the analysis of K. Donelaitis' lexica in the poem: the Slavic loanwords are first selected, then classified according to the Slavic language to which they belong, and then put into a topical field (professions, musical instruments, holidays, household domain, etc.). It was difficult to determine through which Slavic language the loanwords came into the Lithuanian language. However, it was identified that Belarusian, in most of the cases, seems to have had the biggest influence in K. Donelaitis' lexicon. The defense took place via ZOOM.
- Published
- 2020
42. Kiaušinio simbolika Mažosios Lietuvos Velykų šventėje
- Author
-
Blockytė-Naujokė, Kristina
- Subjects
Rites ,Calendar holidays ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Šventės. Atmintinos dienos / Festivals. Holy days ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Easter egg ,Papročiai. Apeigos / Customs. Rites ,Lithuania Minor ,Ritualas - Abstract
Straipsnyje, pasitelkiant autentišką lietuvininkų medžiagą, chronologiniu aspektu analizuojami Velykų papročiai ir tradicijos Mažojoje Lietuvoje, susijusios su vienu iš pagrindinių šventės elementų – kiaušiniu ir su juo atliekamais apeiginiais veiksmais: dovanojimu, dažymu, daužymu, ridenimu, velykavimu. Lietuvininkų Velykų šventės archajiškajam modeliui būdingi su kiaušinio simbolika susiję elementai, kuriems priskiriama apeiginė funkcija – tai archajišką semantiką turintis kiaušinių dažymas ir velykaičių dovanojimo paprotys bei įvairūs žaidimai su juo (daužymas, ridenimas). Ritualai su šiuo pagrindiniu šventės atributu – kiaušiniu – atliko išskirtinį vaidmenį, todėl lietuvininkų paprotinės tradicijos kaita buvo lėta. XIX a. pab.–XX a. pr. Mažojoje Lietuvoje galima pastebėti, jog lietuvininkų ritualinė tradicija praranda turėtą egzistencinę svarbą, ritualai virsta papročiais, o apeiginių funkcijų vietą užima tradicijos, formuojančios regioninę etninę tapatybę. Nebelieka kiaušinio dovanojimo maginės reikšmės, išpopuliarėja velykavimo tradicija bei atsiranda naujas elementas – kiaušinių slėpimas sode padarytuose lizduose vaikams pasakojant, kad juos padėjęs Velykų zuikis. Sugretinus Mažosios Lietuvos ir Didžiosios Lietuvos XX a. pab.–XXI a. pr. etnografinius duomenis matyti, kad Velykų papročių, susijusių su kiaušiniais, bendrybių yra daug: marginimo specifika, įvairūs veiksmai su margučiais (dovanojimas, žaidimai). Informantų pateikiamos tam tikrų tradicijų interpretacijos visuomet susijusios su socialine ir kultūrine aplinka, kurioje jie gyvena. Taigi sulyginus Didžiosios Lietuvos ir Mažosios Lietuvos Velykų šventės struktūrą ir apeiginius veiksmus su pagrindiniu šventės atributu – kiaušiniu, galima teigti, jog šie papročiai iš esmės yra tapatūs, pasitaikantys pakitimai yra gana smulkūs, daugiau susiję su socialine šeimų aplinka ir religiniu aspektu. XX–XXI a. šimtmečių sankirtoje kultūros ir švietimo institucijos tapo bene svarbiausiu veiksniu, palaikančiu simbolinių etninės kultūros formų gyvybingumą. Nors instituciškai organizuojama Velykų šventė vyksta pagal daugiau ar mažiau visai Lietuvai būdingą scenarijų, tačiau išskiriant tipiškus lietuvininkų regionui būdingus šventės elementus, centralizuotas kultūros institucijų veiklos organizavimas gali būti palankus puoselėjant vietines lietuvininkų tradicijos formas. The biggest Lietuvininkai holiday connected with the ceremonial act of egg painting was Easter. In general, rites of a communal nature dominated in the calendar holidays of Lithuania Minor: attending church in the morning of the holiday, whipping with juniper or birch branches on the first day of Easter (in some locations – on the second), giving of painted Easter eggs and so on. It should be noted that from the very first descriptions of the Easter celebration in Lithuania Minor and to the present day, the main holiday symbol has been an egg and ceremonial acts related to it. Thus, the Easter egg and its related ritual actions in the Easter traditions and rites in Lithuania Minor constitute the object of the article. The archaic model of the Easter celebration in Lithuania Minor is characterized by the elements related to the symbolism of the egg, which include the ritual function and archaic semantics of egg painting, the custom of Easter egg gifting and well-wishing, and various games with eggs (breaking, rolling). Rituals with this main holiday attribute – the egg – played an exceptional role, so custom and tradition in Lithuania Minor changed very slowly. In the late 19th – early 20th centuries, in Lithuania Minor, the ritual tradition noticeably loses its existential significance; rituals become customs, and ritual functions are replaced by traditions that form regional ethnic identity. The magical meaning of egg gifting is gone, the tradition of Easter greetings is gaining popularity, and a new element is emerging – hiding eggs in the nests made in the garden and telling children that they are brought by the Easter bunny. The modern model of Lithuania Minor holidays tries to combine ethnic traditions with the needs of the consumer-oriented modern society. Easter in Lithuania is unimaginable without Easter eggs. Of course, the techniques of egg decoration have slightly changed, but the activities remain identical – Easter eggs are given as presents and various games are played with them – rolling and trying to crush the opponent’s eggs. Thus, based on the written sources recorded in the territory of Lithuania Minor and on modern ethnographic narratives, it becomes obvious that the interpretations of Easter celebration provided by the informants are related to the social and cultural environment in which they live. Therefore, the data about Easter in Lithuania Minor obtained from surviving descriptions and living witnesses are interesting and studied as a monument of history and ethnography, a testimony to the evolution of spiritual values of the area’s population.
- Published
- 2020
43. Liaudies medicina Mažosios Lietuvos sveikatos sistemoje XIX a. pabaigoje – XXI a. pradžioje
- Author
-
Tilvikas, Jonas and Savoniakaitė, Vida
- Subjects
Lithuania Minor ,folk medicine, medical system ,medical pluralism ,ethnomedicine - Abstract
Folk medicine, as the object of research, emerged at the end of the 19th century and remains important in the health system until now. The existence of different attitudes, practices, and institutes in a single space falls under medical pluralism. Today's health system in Europe is influenced by the attitudes and experiences of various socio-cultural groups. Hence, it is expedient to investigate the issues of medical pluralism by focusing on the main question - how did the religion, ethnicity and social environment of the people function in the health system of the history of Lithuania Minor? The aim of the study was to reveal and evaluate the place of folk medicine in the health system of Lithuania Minor at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 21st century. There were ethnographic research carried out - observation with participation and semi-structured interviews. The method of observation (carried out in hospital) was to rethink the well-established access to traditional folk medicine research and led to a look at it in the context of official medicine. Historical narrative restoration of folk and official medicine facts was sought in archives and museums. The medical system (knowledge, practice and institutions) is examined in terms of science, tradition and social environment. The results of the study revealed that the closer the person is, the health system image becomes more pluralistic, and in the case of each submitter, the trilateral medical system gets its own shades. The composition of "cultural colors" in society, in the community and in the experience of one individual can vary considerably, so patients (presenters) should also be considered as social figures that create the health system. The health system is changing from their socio-cultural context and experience.
- Published
- 2019
44. Тексты лютеранских псальмов на надгробных памятниках исторических кладбищ Клайпедского края: пример многокультурной и двуязычной фольклорной традициимм
- Author
-
Sliužinskas, Rimantas
- Subjects
Epitaphs ,Tombstones ,Historic cemeteries ,Kapinynai. Pilkapiai / Barrow. Burials ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Epitafijos ,Lutheran psalms ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Antkapiai ,Lithuania Minor ,Liuteronų psalmės ,Klaipėda. Klaipėdos kraštas (Klaipeda region) - Abstract
The preservation and study of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of every nation and region is one of the main tasks of our time. In this article, our attention is focused on studying the texts of Lutheran hymns still preserved on the tombstones of historic cemeteries (second half of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries) of the Klaipėda region in Lithuania, historically associated with local traditions of the Evangelical Lutheran religion. Their detailed analysis is given, different aspects of the mutual influence of both bilingual local cultures – Lithuanian and German, inherited from the times of the Kingdom of East Prussia are considered.
- Published
- 2019
45. Vilkyškių istorinės ir urbanistinės raidos bruožai XVIII a. antroje pusėje–XIX a
- Author
-
Purvinas, Martynas and Purvinienė, Marija
- Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Church-villages ,Dvarai / Manors ,Vilkyškiai ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Urban monuments ,Bažnytkaimiai ,Urban development ,Urban structure ,Miestai ir miesteliai / Cities and towns ,Lithuania Minor ,Pagėgiai - Abstract
Straipsnio objektas - iki šiol Lietuvoje mažiau žinomi Vilkyškių gyvenvietės (Pagėgių sav.) - nuo 1969 m. Lietuvos urbanistikos paminklo, raidos bruožai. Tikslas - apibūdinti savitus Vilkyškių gyvenvietės istorinės ir urbanistinės raidos bruožus nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu, Mažosios Lietuvos stambesnės gyvenvietės ypatumus, nurodyti ligšiolinėse publikacijose apie Vilkyškius skelbtus klaidingus teiginius, neparemtus faktais ir istorinių šaltinių duomenimis.
- Published
- 2019
46. Kai kurie Martyno Liudviko Rėzos masoniškų ryšių aspektai ir lituanistinė veikla
- Author
-
Kotryna Rekašiūtė
- Subjects
History ,Folklore ,business.industry ,Freemasons ,Rėza, Martynas Liudvikas (Martin Ludwig Rhesa) ,masonry ,freemasons ,relationships ,dispersions ,Lithuanian writings ,Lithuanistics ,folklore ,Lithuania ,Lithuania Minor ,General Medicine ,Lithuanian ,language.human_language ,Rėza ,Ryšiai ,Laisvieji mūrininkai ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Publishing ,language ,Relationships ,business ,Dispersions ,Masonry ,Masonai ,Sklaida ,Classics ,Lietuvių raštija - Abstract
Martynas Liudvikas Rėza (Martin Ludwig Rhesa, 1776–1841) – ne tik vienas žymiausių lituanistų lietuvių istorijoje, bet ir garsus Karaliaučiaus masonų ložės Po trimis karūnomis narys, stebinęs ir vis dar tebestebinantis savo interesų platumu bei atliktų darbų gausa. Rėzos veiklos, jo literatūrinių užmojų spektras platus – nuo religinių raštų rengimo iki pasaulietinių grožinių kūrinių ir folkloristikos publikavimo. Atidžiau gilinantis į profesoriaus lituanistinę veiklą, svarbus yra Rėzos masoniškumo aspektas. Masoniškų atgarsių aptinkama Rėzos leidybinėje veikloje, korespondencijoje ir ryšiuose su žinomais mokslininkais bei literatais. Straipsnyje siekiama atidžiau pažvelgti į masoniškuosius Rėzos ryšius jo lituanistinėje veikloje. Martynas Liudvikas Rėza (Martin Ludwig Rhesa, 1776–1841) is not only one of the most famous Lithuanian in the history of Lithuanians writings, but also a famous member of the Königsberg Masonic lodge Zu den drei Krönen, who has been astonished by the amplitude of his interests and the abundance of his works that still surprising. The range of activities of Rėza, his literary ambition range are wide – from the religious writings to the publishing of secular literature and folklore. Carefully going into the professors’ Lithuanian activities, the aspect of Rėza’s Masonry is important. Masonic echoes are found in Rėza’s publishing activities, correspondence and in relationships with well-known scholars and writers. The article aims to look more closely at the Masonic relations of Rėza in his Lithuanian activities.
- Published
- 2018
47. Worshippers in Prussian Lithuania : the scale of the movement, its spread, and its image in the 1820s
- Author
-
Barasa, Darius
- Subjects
Karaliaučiaus konsistorija ,Rusija (Rossija ,Rusijos Federacija ,Rossijskaja Federacija ,Rusijos imperija ,Carinė Rusija ,Russia) ,Surinkimininkai ,Lithuania Minor ,Klaipėda. Klaipėdos kraštas (Klaipeda region) ,Prūsija (Prussia) ,Vilius Gaigalaitis ,Maldininkai ,Religious awakening ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Viešvilė ,Pietistai ,Worshippers ,Jurbarkas ,Prūsijos Lietuva ,Sakytojas - Abstract
Straipsnyje, remiantis Prūsijos kultūros paveldo Slaptajame valstybės archyve Berlyne rastu 1823 m. dokumentu, mėginama atskleisti iki šiol istoriografijoje nedaug dėmesio sulaukusius neopietistinio sąjūdžio Prūsijos Lietuvoje – maldininkų judėjimo XIX a. 3 dešimtmetyje svarbius praeities aspektus, būtent: judėjimo dalyvių skaitlingumą, jų rengiamų religinių susirinkimų paplitimą teritorijoje ir ankstyvąjį maldininkų įvaizdį. Greta šių pagrindinių tikslų straipsnyje aptariama maldininkų istoriografija, susidariusios tyrimų spragos, galimos sėkmingų tyrimų perspektyvos, panaudojant neskelbtus archyvinius šaltinius. The historiography of surinkimai (private prayer and hymn-singing gatherings of Evangelical Lutherans in Prussian Lithuania) and worshippers was started in as early as the first half of the nineteenth century – as soon as the movement began spreading and became noticeable. Nonetheless, the movement of the surinkimininkai (people who attended such gatherings) in Prussian Lithuania has not been consistently researched: there exist gaps and white spots. First of all, the issue of the scale of the movement and of the network of the gatherings should be singled out. Based on the analysis of 1823 report of Karaliaučius consistory about religious associations functioning outside the Church in the districts of Karaliaučius and Gumbinė, the article attempts to adjust the data on the scale of the worshippers’ movement, its spread, and the image of the worshippers. The emergence of the report should be linked to the movement of the surinkimininkai, which became more active and numerous between 1818 and 1824. The central and province authorities made efforts to obtain multi-sided information on the movement and its participants in order to understand what kind of a movement it was, how dangerous and massive it was, and what measures had to be resorted to for its control. On the other hand, attention to sects and Pietist movements in the province of East Prussia might have sprung up due to the 1820 unrest that sparked in East Pomerania between the local authorities and one branch of the Pietist movement that had spread across that region. Very likely, this unpleasant experience stimulated gathering of information on similar Pietist movements active in the state that could cause unrest in the future. It was against the backdrop of such events that an instruction was issued in 1823 the aim of which was to record and keep watch on Pietist gatherings – in this particular case, worshippers – in the province of East Prussia. In the 1823 report, of 23 ecclesiastical inspections in Karaliaučius district only six parishes of three inspections, in which Pietist gatherings took place, were indicated. In Gumbinė district, over thirty were recorded in sixteen ecclesiastical inspections, but it was pointed out that in eight, or half of them, there were no religious associations. The majority of the latter were Masurian inspections, such as Ungura (Angeburg), Lukas (Lyck), Lėcius (Lötz), Johannisburg, Zėhesten (Seehesten), and others. The report provides data on the numbers of participants of the Pietist gatherings in individual parishes. Although the data is highly subjective and approximate, there were parishes with the largest and the smallest numbers of worshippers. In the parishes of Papelkiai, Jurbarkas, Ragainė, Viešvilė, Gilija, Skaisgiriai, and Lenkviečiai the numbers of the surinkimininkai were the highest. The smallest numbers were recorded in the parishes of Katniava, Pilkalnis, Malviškis, Geldapė, Šilėnai, and Žigupėnai. On the basis of the number of worshippers in individual parishes, it is possible to single out ecclesiastical inspections with the largest concentration of the gatherings. These were the ecclesiastical inspections of Ragainė, Naujoji, Labguva, Stalupėnai, and Įsrutis. Statistical calculations suggest that in the 1820s the surinkimininkai made up 2–4 per cent of the total population in the parishes of Prussian Lithuania. In the second half of the nineteenth century or at the turn of the twentieth century the surinkimininkai made up about a quarter, that is, around 25 per cent of the total population; thus, presumably, the Pietist movement was in the initial stage of formation in the 1820s and started gaining impetus during later years and decades. The 1823 report provides relevant information on the individuals who led worshippers’ gatherings in different parishes and the territorial boundaries of their activities. Nineteen preachers are mentioned in the report, and some of them have not been recorded in historiography. One of the most interesting and colourful parts of the report is the assessment of the worshippers and their activities. It should be noted that the image of the surinkimininkai given in the 1823 report is one of the earliest known in general. Therefore it is possible to trace how and to what extent this image was changing throughout the later century. Assessment of the worshippers largely depended on the clergymen’s individual attitudes. For instance, the superintendents of Labguva and Pakalnė (Ger., Niederung) expressed mostly negative opinions about the surinkimininkai; those of Gumbinė and Tilžė were indifferent, while the superintendents of Klaipėda, Geldapė, Ragainė, and especially of Įsrutis, were positive about them. The results of the 1823 document show that research into the nineteenthcentury surinkimininkai movement in Prussian Lithuania is promising, especially when the opportunities offered by yet undiscovered archival documents are exploited.
- Published
- 2018
48. 120th birth anniversary of the writer Ieva Simonaitytė: memory, heritage, and communication
- Author
-
Domas Kaunas
- Subjects
Literature and Literary Theory ,business.industry ,Communication ,Ieva Simonaitytė, atmintis, gimimo 120-metis, projektai ir programa, memorialinis paveldas, rankraščių, epistolografijos ir ikonografijos rinkiniai, asmeninė biblioteka, informacija ir komunikacija, Mažoji Lietuva, Klaipėdos kraštas ,Lithuanian ,Minor (academic) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Public opinion ,The Republic ,language.human_language ,lcsh:Z ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,German ,Ieva Simonaitytė ,memory ,120th birth anniversary ,projects and program ,memorial heritage ,collections of manuscripts ,epistolography and iconography ,a personal library ,information and communication ,Lithuania Minor ,Klaipėda Region ,Political science ,language ,Iconography ,business ,Epistolography ,Curriculum ,Humanities - Abstract
Straipsnyje analizuojama rasytojos Ievos Simonaitytės (1897–1978) gimimo 120-ųjų metinių sukakties minėjimo organizacinė patirtis ir įgyvendintos programos rezultatai. Sis nacionalinio masto įvykis buvo įteisintas Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo nutarimu ir Ministro Pirmininko patvirtinta 2017 metais vykdoma valstybine programa. Straipsnio tikslas – įvertinti sukakties minėjimo kaip projekto organizavimo efektyvumą ir rezultatyvumą. Svarbiausi tyrimo uždaviniai: nustatyti rasytojos sukakties minėjimo iniciatyvas, pasirengimo lygį, svarbiausius dokumentus, juose nurodytas užduotis, jų įgyvendinimo procesą, turinį ir pasiekimų kokybe. Sukaupti duomenys patvirtina, kad I. Simonaitytės sukakties minėjimas vyko visoje Lietuvoje, taciau svarbiausi įvykiai koncentravosi rasytojos gimtajame kraste – Vakarų Lietuvoje, buvusiame Klaipėdos kraste. Didesni renginiai organizuoti cionyksciuose miestuose Klaipėdoje, Silutėje, Priekulėje, Gargžduose, sių miestų artimiausių seniūnijų kultūros centruose. Tokia orientacija sietina su minėjimo programos skurdoku biudžetiniu finansavimu, Kultūros ministerijos tikslingai nukreiptu į rasytojos kilmės regiono bibliotekas, muziejus, Klaipėdos universiteto mokslininkus, cionykscius kultūros darbuotojų ir visuomenininkų sąjūdžius bei jų iniciatyvas. Kai kurios užduotys teko Vilniui dėl jame sutelktų mokslinių ir informacinių institucijų specifinių galimybių. Jos Ievos Simonaitytės siuolaikinio aktualinimo tema organizavo mokslinį seminarą-diskusiją, publikavo dalyvių pasisakymų tekstus, isleido rasytojos amžininkų liudijimų-atsiminimų knygą, Lietuvos radijas ir televizija sukūrė dokumentine apybraižą-filmą, romano „Vilius Karalius“ radiofonizaciją. Jie parengti profesionaliai ir įtaigūs, taciau demonstruoti vėluojant – sukaktuvinių metų pabaigoje. Programoje nebuvo numatytos ir nevykdytos ilgalaikės užduotys, skirtos kūrybos leidybai ir naujų simonaitistikos tyrimo saltinių publikavimui. Vykusiose diskusijose pabrėžta pareiga įvykdyti rasytojos testamentą – amžinam poilsiui atgulti sodelyje prie jos memorialinio muziejaus Priekulėje. Tai susije su palaikų perlaidojimu. Siekiant visų sių užduocių įgyvendinimo siūloma parengti ilgalaike simonaitistikos darbų programą. 120th Birth Anniversary of the Writer Ieva Simonaitytė: Memory, Heritage, and Communication The subject of research is the experience and results of the commemoration of the 120th birth anniversary of the writer Ieva Simonaitytė (1897–1978). The significance of this event, celebrated on the national scale, like other anniversaries of prominent personalities in Lithuanian history, was validated by the decision of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and by the 2017 State program,approved by the Prime Minister. Such a decision meant that the State pledged itself to highlight the writer‘s humanistic values and her creative heritage. The aims of research were to determine the initiatives of the writer’s anniversary commemoration , the most important documents and the objectives raised in them, the process of their realization, the achievements and the content. According to the collected data, the events commemorating Ieva Simonaitytė‘s anniversary were held all over Lithuania. However, the most important ones were centred in the writer’s native land – West Lithuania, the former Klaipėda Region. Major events were organized in the cities and towns of Klaipėda, Silutė, Pagėgiai, Priekulė, Gargždai as the cultural centres of the nearest local authorities. Such an orientation can be explained by the limited budgetary funding of the commemoration program, with scanty allocations mainuly channeled to the region’s libraries, museums, Klaipėda University academics, the local movements of cultural workers and public figures and theinitiatives launched by them. As regards the scholarly and information aspect, due to the pool of intellectual and financial resources, Vilnius played an important role. The scientific institutions of the capital city held a seminar and discus sion on The Relevance of Ieva Simonaitytė , and the texts of the reports of the participants were published in the journal Colloquia (2017, Nr. 38); the Vilnius University Academic Publishers published a book of evidential texts and reminiscences , I’m Evė, Daughter of Etmė . Lithuanian Radio and Television released a documentary Ieva Simonaitytė and a radio version of the novel Vilius Karalius ; they are professional and powerful, unfortunately, somewhat belated as they were shown at the end of the anniversary year. The program did not contain any long-term projects: the major novels and autobiographical books by Simonaitytė were not republished; compilation of the home library catalogue and the author’s bibliography was not undertaken; the publication of the epistolary heritage, especially in the German language, was not continued; and a conference on the up-to-date analysis and assessment of the personality and her work was not held. The public was disappointed by the dire state of the Ieva Simonaitytė memorial museum in the town of Priekulė and failure to include it in to the activities of promoting her creative heritage. The Lithuanian general education schools have a problem too: the writer‘s literary works had been removed from their curricula for 20 years. When it was included into them again in 2016, teachers were faced with difficulties due to the lost experience and methods, the inability to convey the national, moral and social problems raised in the novels, the exceptional qualities of her characters, and the powerful suggestibility of Simonaitytė’s narratives. During discussions, the duty to fulfil the writer’s will was stressed: to move her remains from Vilnius to the garden at her memorial museum in Priekulė. To realize these tasks, it is necessary to prepare a long-term (for the duration of several years) program of commemorating Simonaitytė‘s work. Her novels are still relevant today as it was witnessed by a piece of investigative journalism: while celebrating the centenary of the restoration of Lithuania‘s independence, in the list of the Hundred of Centenary Books rated by a public opinion poll, the most important books of the writer were placed sixth and seventh. Keywords: Ieva Simonaitytė, memory, 120th birth anniversary, projects and program, memorial heritage, collections of manuscripts, epistolography and iconography, a personal library, information and communication, Lithuania Minor, Klaipėda Region
- Published
- 2018
49. The publication of the books by Adam Honory Kirkor in the Lithuanian language during the period of Lithuanian press ban enforced by Imperial Russia (1864 - 1904)
- Author
-
Domas Kaunas
- Subjects
Tautinis atgimimas / National Revival ,Knygų leidyba ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region) ,Knygų recepcija ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Compromise ,Adam Honory Kirkor, Mečislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis, Petras Vileišis, Martynas Jankus, Jurgis Mikšas, istorinė Lietuva, Mažoji Lietuva, lietuvių tautinis atgimimas, aušrininkai, lietuviškosios spaudos draudimas, knygų leidyba, knygų platinimas, knygų recepcija, knygų paveldas, knygų paveldo aktualinimas, „Vytautas, Didis Lietuvos kunįgaikštis“, „Praeite Vilniaus ir jo pirmbuvusios akadėmijos“, „Kapai didžių kunigaikščių Vilniuje“ ,Mečislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis ,Minor (academic) ,Library and Information Sciences ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Political science ,media_common ,Knygų paveldas ,Vytautas Didysis, 1350-1430 (Vytautas the Great) ,Aušrininkai ,Kapinynai. Pilkapiai / Barrow. Burials ,business.industry ,Jurgis Mikšas ,Communication ,Rusija (Rossija ,Rusijos Federacija ,Rossijskaja Federacija ,Rusijos imperija ,Carinė Rusija ,Russia) ,Historiography ,Martynas Jankus ,Lithuanian ,Spauda / Press ,Knygų paveldo aktualinimas ,language.human_language ,lcsh:Z ,Istorinė Lietuva ,Adam Honory Kirkor ,Petras Vileišis ,historical Lithuania ,Lithuanian national revival ,Auszra movement ,Lithuanian press ban ,Lithuania Minor ,book publishing ,book distribution ,book reception ,book heritage ,bringing book heritage up-to-date ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Knygos / Books ,Publishing ,Praeite Vilniaus ir jo pirmbuvusios akadėmijos ,National identity ,Mažoji Lietuva ,language ,Commonwealth ,Ideology ,business ,Classics - Abstract
Adamo Honory’io Kirkoro istoriografijos ištakos yra Michało Eustachy’io Brenszteino faktografinio pobūdžio monografija lenkų kalba „Adamas Honory Kirkoras. Vilniaus leidėjas, redaktorius ir spaustuvininkas 1834–1867 metais“ („Adam Honory Kirkor. Wydawca, redaktor i właściciel drukarni w Wilnie od roku 1834 do 1867“. Wilno, 1930). Dabartiniu metu šio asmens tyrimai pasižymi svarbiu įdirbiu ir išsišakojo į lenkiškąją, lietuviškąją bei baltarusiškąją kryptis. Lietuviškąją kryptį nulėmė Kirkoro liberalios, kompromisinės, pasikeitusioms istorinės Lietuvos tęstinumo aplinkybėms atliepiančios patriotinės pažiūros, imperinės Rusijos režimo užimtoje Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje apribotos mokslo tiriamosios ir kultūrinės veiklos galimybės. Lietuvių tyrėjų Redos Griškaitės, Antano Kulakausko, Pavelo Lavrineco, Juozo Maceikos, Zitos Medišauskienės, Vytauto Merkio, Dariaus Staliūno ir kitų autorių tiriamieji ir mokslo pažintiniai veikalai dažniausiai analizuoja Kirkoro laikyseną lietuvių tautinio atgimimo epochoje ir santykius su šio sąjūdžio dalyviais. Autoriaus teikiamame straipsnyje tyrimas orientuotas į trijų Kirkoro veikalų („Великiй князъ Витовтъ“, publikuotas knygoje „Черты изъ исторiи и жизни литовскаго народа“. Вилъно, 1854; „Przewodnik po Wilnie i jego okolicach“. Wilno, 1880; „Groby wielkoksiążęce i królewskie w Wilnie“. Warszazwa, 1882) adaptaciją ir vertimus į lietuvių kalbą ir jų publikavimą Mažojoje Lietuvoje imperinei Rusijai uždraudus lietuviškąją spaudą tradiciniu lotyniškuoju raidynu Didžiojoje Lietuvoje bei autoriaus ryšius su „Auszros“ laikraščio leidėjais. Tyrimo šaltiniai yra Kirkoro knygos, archyviniai ir publikuoti dokumentai, kelių kartų knygotyrininkų sukaupti bibliografiniai duomenys. Darbe taip pat remiamasi tyrimo de visu metodu autoriaus užfiksuotais Kirkoro knygų leidybos kultūros vertinimais. Grindžiama įžvalga, kad XIX amžiaus lietuvių visuomenės užsakymas Kirkoro knygoms buvo užprogramuotas. Jų adaptyvių vertimų į lietuvių kalbą leidyba Tilžėje ir Bitėnuose spartino Mažosios ir Didžiosios Lietuvos lietuvių integraciją, senosios ir naujosios Lietuvos gyventojų pilietinį suartėjimą, ugdė istorinę ir tautinę savivoką, kultūros pažangą. Research into Adam Honory Kirkor’s life and work was initiated by a specialist in the history of Lithuanian culture, Michał Eustachy Brensztein, in his applied study Adam Honory Kirkor: Publisher, Editor and Vilnius Printer in 1834-67 (Adam Honory Kirkor. Wydawca, redaktor i właściciel drukarni w Wilnie od roku 1834 do 1867. Wilno, 1930). Presently his historiography has become internationally famous, and due to numerous publications in various languages it has branched out into the Polish, Lithuanian, and Belorusian trends. The Lithuanian trend was shaped by Kirkor’s liberal and compromise views recognizing the merits of historical Lithuania and the prospects of its continuity as well as by the reduced possibilities of research and cultural activities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth occupied by imperial Russia. The research and fact-finding works by Lithuanian researchers Reda Griškaitė, Antanas Kulakauskas, Pavel Lavrinets, Juozas Maceika, Zita Medišauskienė, Vytautas Merkys, Darius Staliūnas, and other authors in most cases analyze Kirkor’s attitude towards the Lithuanian national revival movement and his relations with the participants of this movement. In the article by the present author, research is oriented towards the adaptations, translations into Lithuanian and their publication in Lithuania Minor following the Lithuanian press ban in Greater Lithuania of three works by Kirkor: Grand Duke Vytautas (Beликiй князъ Витовтъ) published in a book by several authors Outlines of the History and Life of the Lithuanian People (Черты изъ исторiи и жизни литовскаго народа. Вильно, 1854); A Guide to Vilnius and Its Environs (Przewodnik po Wilnie i jego okolicach. Wilno, 1880); The Graves of Grand Dukes and Kings in Vilnius (Groby wielkoksiążęce i królewskie w Wilnie. Warszawa, 1882). A deeper insight is offered into the relationship between the author and the publishers and collaborators of the monthly Auszra that promoted the ideas of the Lithuanian national revival. The latter prepared the first Lithuanian translations of Kirkor’s works in conformity with the ideological aspirations of the Lithuanian nation in the new times. The sources of research were Kirkor’s books published in Polish and Lithuanian as well as the archival and published documents connected with the publishing process, and the bibliographical data accumulated by the bibliologists of several generations. Use is also made of the results of the assessment of the publishing organization and culture of Kirkor’s books established by the de visu method. In the course of research, a proposition is suggested that the need for Kirkor’s books felt by 19th-century Lithuanian society was programed in advance. The publishing of their Lithuanian translations in Tilsit (lit. Tilžė) and Bittehnen (lit. Bitėnai) accelerated the integration of Lithuanians in Lithuania Minor and Greater Lithuania and the civic rapprochement between the residents of old and new Lithuania, fostered their historical and national identity and promoted cultural variety and progress.
- Published
- 2018
50. 'Kito' reprezentacijos Ievos Simonaitytės ir Vydūno tekstuose
- Author
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Antanaitytė, Irma
- Subjects
Vydūnas ,Filija ,Fobija ,Phobia ,Ieva Simonaitytė ,Žydai / Jews ,Manija ,Vydūnas (Wilhelm Storost ,Vilhelmas Storostas, Storosta) ,Lithuania Minor ,Mania ,Idiokrazija ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Idiocracy ,Mažoji Lietuva ,Philia ,Other ,Viešoji nuomonė / Public opinion ,Kitas - Abstract
Straipsnyje aptariamas Ievos Simonaitytės romanas „Vilius Karalius“ (1977 m. leidimas) ir Vydūno veikalas „Septyni šimtmečiai vokiečių ir lietuvių santykių“ (2001 m. leidimas): abu kūriniai iliustruoja problemišką dviejų tautų sambūvį, o kito vaidmenį juose atlieka vokiškoji kultūra. Tekstai nagrinėjami prancūzo Danieliaus Henrio Pageaux imagologijos teorijos įrankiais: manija, fobija, filija ir idiokrazija. Paaiškėja, kad amžininkų darbuose į svetimąjį žvelgiama skirtingai: Vydūno veikalas grindžiamas filija, siekiama tautų lygiavertiškumo, o Ievos Simonaitytės romane vyrauja fobiškos herojų nuostatos. „Viliuje Karaliuje“ tautų koegzistavimas atsiskleidžia kaip sudėtingas darinys, lemiantis kasdienius konfliktus, į kuriuos nuolat įsivelia romano personažai dėl savo nuostatų ar skirtingo požiūrio į vokiškumą. Išryškėja kietasprandžio lietuvininko stereotipas, miesto bei kaimo priešpriešos ir kt. Vydūnas vokiečio bei lietuvio įvaizdį formuoja pasiremdamas įvairiais literatūriniais ar istoriniais šaltiniais (Johanno Wolfgango Geothe’s, Martino Lutherio ir kt. tekstais), jo požiūris į atvykėlius – vokiečius, zalcburgiečius, žydus – nėra vientisas, kuriamas gana neigiamas zalcburgiečių įvaizdis, taip pat aptariami lietuviams būdingi bruožai (savivaizdis). The representations of the Other in the works of Ieva Simonaitytė and Vydūnas are established by using two particular texts: Simonaitytė’s novel Vilius Karalius (1977 edition) and Vydūnas’s work Seven Hundred Years of German and Lithuanian Relations (2001 edition). German culture is the Other and both works describe the problematic coexistence between two nations. In order to unveil this coexistence, the theoretical and methodological instruments of the French imagologist Daniel-Henri Pageaux are used: he distinguishes four aspects of attitude towards other cultures – mania, phobia, philia, and idiocracy. The Other is perceived differently in both contemporary texts. Philia is the dominant approach in Vydūnas’s work, with the author promoting the idea of the equality of nations. By contrast, the attitude of the characters of Simonaitytė’s novel represents phobia in most cases. Since the heroes of the novel Vilius Karalius have different attitudes to, and perspectives on, German culture and since the coexistence of the two nations constantly acts as a complicating factor leading to difficulties, everyday tensions arise between them. The stereotype of the obstinate Lithuanian from Prussian Lithuania and the opposition between city and village were also detected. Vydūnas creates images of Germans and of Lithuanians by appealing to various literary and historical sources (Goethe, Tacitus, ect.). His opinions towards strangers (Germans, Salzburgians, Jews) are differentiated. Vydūnas creates a negative image of the Salzburgian and devotes much of attention to the discussion of the character of the Lithuanian (his self-image).
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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