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The goal to further increase energy and power density of conventional two-dimensional (2D) structured lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is driving research towards more complex three-dimensional (3D) batteries with large surface area and accordingly high active material mass loading. So far, many attempts have been implemented to prepare 3D structured LIBs. A highly developed 3D surface allows for a larger amount of active material to be deposited while maintaining a smaller thickness, thus avoiding the challenges associated with a thick electrode. Herein, this paper presents development of in-plane type 3D NiO thin film electrodes produced by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The physico- and electro-chemical properties were studied depending on the post-annealing temperature which was in the range of 200-300°C. It was shown that an in-plane NiO thin film anode with GPE can be developed to enable battery operation without the use of a commercial separator. As a gel-polymer electrolyte (GPE) was used poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PEO-PVDF-co-HFP). The in-plane 3D battery with PEO-PVDF-co-HFP GPE exhibited outstanding cycling stability of 60 cycles, delivering a capacity of 510 mAh g-1 . The developed 3D battery, as a result, demonstrated improved cycling stability and electrochemical performance while effectively operating at 0.1C rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐capacity and omnidirectionally flexible wire‐type lithium (Li)–metal batteries represent a feasible technology for the realization of electronic textiles. However, the use of commercially available Li–metal wires as anodes nowadays confronts many electrochemical and mechanical issues such as dendrite formation, low yield strength, and poor fatigue resistance. Here, a flexible and stable Li–metal composite yarn (LMCY) is designed via a fast capillary filling of molten Li into metallic carbon yarn for fabricating high‐energy‐density and long‐lasting wire‐type Li–metal batteries. LMCY shows outstanding electrochemical cyclic stability, mechanical strength, flexibility, and durability. Pairing lithium–iron phosphate (LFP) with the LMCY as anode results in a foldable LFP||Li full cell that delivers a high energy density over 290 Wh L−1 and a long lifetime over 800 cycles with a capacity retention of over 50% after 750 charge/discharge cycles. The seamless integration of this wire‐shape LFP||Li cell with commercial textiles is demonstrated as a built‐in power supply to wearable electronics, while maintaining the excellent breathability of the textiles. LMCYs are also adaptable to other high‐performance wire‐type batteries, such as lithium–sulfur battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high‐current‐density and high‐area‐capacity operation of Li metal anodes offers promising opportunities for high‐performing next‐generation batteries. However, high‐rate Li deposition suffers from undesired Li‐ion depletion especially at the electrolyte‐anode interface, which compromises achievable capacity and lifetime. Here, electronegative graphene quantum dots are synthesized and assembled into an ultra‐thin overlayer capable of efficient Li‐ion adsorbing at the nanoscale on Li‐metal to fully relieve Li‐ion depletion. The protected Li anode achieves long‐term reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at both superior current density of 60 mA cm−2 and areal capacity of 60 mAh cm−2. Implementation of the protected anode allows for the construction of Li‐air full battery with both enhanced rate capability and cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene oxide (PEO), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ) salts are combined into a composite polymer electrolyte studied for application in lithium metal battery. FTIR measurements and AFM images are used to reveal the structure and morphology of the polymer electrolyte, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronoamperometry and voltammetry are employed for determining the electrolyte conductivity, lithium transference number, chemical and electrochemical stability, respectively. The data reveal a suitable conductivity and lithium transport, i.e., δ above 10 −4 S cm −1 and t Li + about 0.5, at moderate temperature, which allow the use of the membrane and a LiFePO 4 olivine cathode in an efficient lithium metal cell delivering a capacity of 130 mAh g −1 at about 3.4 V, and operating at 50 °C. This relatively low operating temperature, the good electrochemical properties, and the polymer configuration of the PEO-DMSO-LiCF 3 SO 3 membrane suggest it as a viable solution for application in high energy lithium metal battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high-current-density and high-area-capacity operation of Li metal anodes offers promising opportunities for high-performing next-generation batteries. However, high-rate Li deposition suffers from undesired Li-ion depletion especially at the electrolyte-anode interface, which compromises achievable capacity and lifetime. Here, electronegative graphene quantum dots are synthesized and assembled into an ultra-thin overlayer capable of efficient Li-ion adsorbing at the nanoscale on Li-metal to fully relieve Li-ion depletion. The protected Li anode achieves long-term reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at both superior current density of 60 mA cm -2 and areal capacity of 60 mAh cm -2 . Implementation of the protected anode allows for the construction of Li-air full battery with both enhanced rate capability and cycling performance., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)