Search

The article here presented intends to open a debate reviewing the recent exegesis of Jb 38:1-42:6. In this debate we will consider the special contribution of the Biblical Rhetorical Analysis’s study already done and published in previous articles. The prevailing positions and interpretations of the modern exegesis to Job 38:1–42:6 will be mentioned and pondered. Some of the most important assonances and dissonances in the research process will be pointed out. The new horizons will be set through a dialogue between the last studies of M. Fox and those of the study of the composition, according to the Biblical Rhetorical Analysis, demonstrating the relevance of the contribution of the last one. Despite all the controversy attested throughout decades by the exegesis studies, the study of the composition of the entire section (38:1–42:6) allows us to affirm an achievement of God’s uniqueness. God’s words to Job are a celebration of God’s creation of the world which human beings know very little and of which they only have a glimpse.

Studien undersöker, kartlägger och synliggör hur erfarenheter av psykisk sjukdom gestaltas och kommuniceras litterärt i tre samtida, nordiska verk: En dåre fri (2010) av Beate Grimsrud, Nonsensprinsessans dagbok: en sjukskriving (2018) av Isabella Nilsson och Jag är gråvit (2018) av Bjørn Rasmussen. Syftet är att synliggöra och fördjupa förståelsen för hur erfarenheter som tycks ifrågasätta språkets gränser kan formuleras och gestaltas litterärt. Med hjälp och mot bakgrund av Michel Foucaults begrepp gränserfarenhet diskuteras relationen mellan språk, gränser och sjukdom. Begreppet, som Foucault definierade som en intensiv erfarenhet som för individen till den yttersta gränsen av både liv och språk, lyfter flera perspektiv som är relevanta för uppsatsen. Utöver användandet av gränserfarenheten i uppsatsen aktualiseras flera teorier som sträcker sig utanför det litteraturvetenskapliga fältet och är anknutna till medicin, språk och sjukvård. Studien har identifierat ett antal litterära tekniker som visat både sjukdomens konsekvenser och begränsningar – samtidigt som de också blivit en metod att skriva sig ur och bort ifrån dessa. Teknikerna har också visat sig omförhandla flera gränser och därmed upplöst motsättningar mellan exempelvis det friska och sjuka, allvar och komik, styrka och skörhet samt verklighet och fiktion. Studien har visat hur exempelvis användandet av motsatspar, kroppslig metaforik, färgkodssystem, ironi och komik, genrebrott och omskrivningar av existerande uttryck utgör litterära strategier för att framställa och omförhandla tillståndet av psykisk sjukdom. Användandet av den medicinska journalen i en skönlitterär kontext har konstaterats fungera som en litterär teknik för att framställa tystnad och förnekande något som flera teoretiker inom området betonar vara avgörande i framställningen av vansinne. Även skönlitterärt och fiktivt skrivande, oavsett självupplevt eller inte, har visat sig vara ett viktigt tillvägagångssätt för att närma sig en formulering av gränserfarenheten. Begreppet gränserfarenhet har fungerat som ett vitalt begrepp för att närma sig dessa texter. Samtidigt har flera av de litterära tekniker som identifierats tillfört insikt till gränserfarenheten som begrepp då det präglas av paradoxala och mångsidiga aspekter. I synnerhet har det bidragit med att uppmärksamma hur ett ”både-och” tillåts samexistera i såväl litterär gestaltning som i sjukdomserfarenhet vilket i sin tur nyanserat bilden av sjukdomen som formulerbar och formbar.

L�����criture de voyage conna��t un grand succ��s �� partir de 1800 environ, notamment parce que c���est le genre le plus adapt�� pour d��crire, accompagner et interpr��ter les discours identitaires individuels et collectifs en jeu �� l�����poque. Dans cet article, Vlasta propose une nouvelle approche comparative qui se concentre sur l���analyse de strat��gies textuelles telles que l���intertextualit�� et le multilinguisme et examine leur fonction dans les processus de construction identitaire., Travel writing was hugely popular from around 1800 onwards, not least because it was the genre that was most suitable for describing, accompanying and performing the individual and collective identity discourses at stake at the time. In this article, Vlasta proposes a new comparative approach that focuses on the analysis of textual strategies such as intertextuality and multilingualism and scrutinises their function in processes of identity construction.

The son of a Scottish marine insurance broker and a German mother, John Henry Mackay (6 February 1864–16 May 1933) was born in Greenock, Scotland. He was only nineteen months old when his father died. His mother returned with him to Germany, where he grew up with German as his mother tongue. An allowance provided by his mother gave Mackay financial independence after completing his schooling. He travelled much, and chose the career of a writer, at first of lyric and narrative poetry. He made translations from poetic and political English texts, but never wrote that language well. Research on Mackay concentrates mostly on two facets of his writings: the political texts, such as Die Anarchisten: Kulturgemälde aus dem Ende des XIX. Jahrhunderts [The Anarchists: A Picture of Civilization at the Close of the Nineteenth Century] (1891), and the homoerotic/ pederastic narratives (Die Bücher der namenlosen Liebe [Books of the Nameless Love] (1905–1913) published under the pseudonym of Sagitta. The approach in this article focuses on different aspects of his poetics and work, specifically on how he draws on multilingualism and cultural hybridity, but also on his literary creativity compared to Houston Stewart Chamberlain’s work. In contrast to Chamberlain’s writings, Mackay’s otherness turned into a creative force and became a dominant theme in his poetry, narratives, and novels.

espanol El presente estudio tiene como objetivo disenar estrategias ludicas pedagogicas para mejorar la convivencia escolar, y el bajo rendimiento escolar en la IED Simon Bolivar: Sede Jorge Eliecer Gaitan y para ello se identifican los problemas frecuentes en las aulas de clases, se fomentan la practica de valores, se crean espacios de reflexion y divulgacion de la sana convivencia. La metodologia empleada para la investigacion es de tipo cualitativa de caracter descriptivo utilizando tecnicas especificas para la recoleccion de la informacion como la observacion, y la entrevista, aplicada a 30 estudiantes del grado 5° de la sede Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. Como resultados se evidencio la participacion activa de los involucrados, logrando en armonizar y crear espacios de sana convivencia en la IED. English The objective of this study is to design pedagogical play strategies to improve school coexistence, and poor school performance in the Simon Bolivar FDI: Jorge Eliecer Gaitan Headquarters, and for this, frequent problems in classrooms are identified, the practice of values, spaces for reflection and dissemination of healthy coexistence are created in the IED Simon Bolivar, headquarters Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. The methodology used for the research is of a qualitative nature of a descriptive nature, using specific techniques for the collection of information such as observation, and the interview, applied to 30 students of the 5th grade of the Jorge Eliecer Gaitan campus. As results, the active participation of those involved was evidenced, achieving harmony and creating spaces of healthy coexistence in the IED.

The historic novel under the vigilance of the censor – analysis of textsThis article focuses on the relation that Jacek Bochenski’s historical novel entitled The poet Naso published in 1969 presents towards the concept of censorship. In the article the author aims at proving that the understanding of censorship by Bochenski is similar to the observations of the Hungarian essayist Mikos Haraszti. Tracking the allegoric references scattered through the novel, the author of the article reconstructs Bochenski’s reflection about this internalized censorship and checks its convergence with Haraszti’s remarks. From this exercise emerges a definition of the role of the artist that seems to be inherited from the romantic period: an artist as a person that subordinates himself unconditionally to art, and not to the temporal power. The author of the article then interrogates the respect which Bochenski has been showing to his definition in his literary work. It appears that the writer has been prone to make bigger concessions in order to soften the reception of his book by the censors than he advises his writing colleagues. However, the literary strategies deployed by Bochenski operate on two levels: creating an overall ambiguity about the guilt of its main protagonist, they tend to soften its reception by the censorship; while at the same time, rendering this overall atmosphere of ambiguity, they give a literary form to the spectral character of the guilt of the artist, who – as in Ovidius’ case – is permanently accountable for what he has not yet done in the building of communism. Powieść historyczna pod czujnym okiem cenzora - analiza tekstówArtykuł poświęcony jest powieści historycznej Jacka Bocheńskiego pt. Nazo poeta z roku 1969 i jego rozumieniu pojęcia cenzury uwewnętrznionej. Autor artkułu udowadnia, że ujęcie problemu cenzury przez Bocheńskiego jest zbliżone do konstatacji węgierskiego eseisty Miklósa Harasztiego. Tropiąc alegoryczne odniesienia do cenzury rozproszone w tej powieści, autor artykułu odtwarza refleksję Bocheńskiego i sprawdza jej zbieżność z uwagami Harasztiego. Z rekonstrukcji wyłania się, zapożyczona z okresu romantyzmu, definicja artysty jako osoby bezwarunkowo podporządkowanej sztuce, a nie władzy. Autor artykułu testuje czy Bocheński pozostaje wierny tej definicji we własnej twórczości i uwypukla skłonność pisarza do ustępstw mających na celu złagodzenie odbioru jego dzieła przez cenzurę. Są to ustępstwa większe od tych, które zdaje się zalecać swoim kolegom po fachu. Strategie literackie, które stosuje Bocheński, działają jednak na dwóch płaszczyznach. Tworząc niejednoznaczność winy głównego bohatera powieści, łagodzą jej odbiór przez cenzurę, a jednocześnie – kreując tę niejednoznaczność – pozwalają na literackie przedstawienie widmowego charakteru winy artysty, który jest zawsze odpowiedzialny – tak jak Owidiusz – za to, czego jeszcze nie zrobił. W tym wypadku czego nie zrobił dla budowy komunizmu.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επικεντρώνει το ενδιαφέρον της στη μελέτη του φαινομένου της αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ κειμένου-αναγνώστη υπό το φως της θεωρίας της Αισθητικής Ανταπόκρισης του Wolfgang Iser. Στο πλαίσιο της εργασίας καταβάλλεται μια προσπάθεια ανάδειξης των θεωρητικών αρχών του Iser, προκειμένου να προβληθεί η δυναμική τους και να ελεγχθεί ο βαθμός αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ κειμένου και αναγνώστη στα εφηβικά μυθιστορήματα του Βασίλη Παπαθεοδώρου που επιλέχθηκαν για την εφαρμογή της θεωρίας της Αισθητικής Ανταπόκρισης. Η εργασία χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος εκτίθεται η προβληματική της έρευνας, οι στόχοι, οι περιορισμοί του υλικού της μελέτης, η μέθοδος που ακολουθείται και οι επιρροές που δέχτηκε ο Iser για τη διαμόρφωση του θεωρητικού του μοντέλου. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται διεξοδικά η θεωρία της Αισθητικής Ανταπόκρισης του Iser, με έμφαση στους άξονες που τη διαρθρώνουν – δηλαδή: υπονοούμενος αναγνώστης, λογοτεχνικό ρεπερτόριο, λογοτεχνικές στρατηγικές – αλλά και στην έννοια της διάδρασης που συνιστά τον πυρήνα της. Στο δεύτερο μέρος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται τα ευρήματα από την εφαρμογή της θεωρίας στα επιλεγμένα μυθιστορήματα και εξετάζεται, σύμφωνα με τους άξονες της θεωρίας του Iser, η επικοινωνία κειμένου- αναγνώστη κατά τη διάρκεια της λογοτεχνικής διαδικασίας. Στο τέλος της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας συνοψίζονται τα συμπεράσματα από την εφαρμογή του θεωρητικού μοντέλου του Iser. The present thesis focuses on the study of the phenomenon of 'interaction' between the text and the reader in the light of Wolfgang Iser's Theory of Aesthetic Response. An effort has been made to showcase the theoretical principles of Iser in order to highlight its dynamics, and examine the degree of 'interaction' between the text and the reader in the teenage novels of Vasilis Papatheodorou, which have been selected to apply the Theory of Aesthetic Response. The thesis consists of two parts; The first part analyzes research problems, objectives, limitations of the study, the used methodology and the influence that Iser had in order to form his theoretical model. Then Iser's Theory of Aesthetic Response is thoroughly presented focusing on its structuring axes such as the 'implied reader', 'literary repertoire', and 'literary strategies', as well as the 'interaction' which constitutes its core. In the second part of the thesis, the findings of the application of the Theory in the selected novels are presented, and the communication which develops between the text and the reader during the reading process is examined according to the main axes of Iser's Theory. Finally, the conclusions that are obtained from the study are stated in the last chapter.

The special literary patterns have already been studied under the general category of literary textual strategies where it has been argued how these textual strategies would set the special literary processes in motion in the cognitive system of the receiver leading to the formation of a special literary meaning, i.e. the literary effect (cf. Lotfipour-Saedi 1992a). The present paper will examine two types of literary textual strategies and the way they function in the activation of the special literary discourse process., Les patrons de la littérature spéciale ont déjà été étudiés dans la catégorie générale de stratégies littéraires textuelles où l’on a discuté de la façon dont ces stratégies créent dans le système cognitif du récepteur un processus de formation spéciale du sens littéraire, soit l’effet littéraire (cf. Lotfipour-Saedi 1992a). L’article examine deux types de stratégies de textes littéraires et la façon dont l’activation du procédé de ce type de discours s’effectue.

The article here presented intends to open a debate reviewing the recent exegesis of Job 38:1-42:6. In this debate we will consider the special contribution of the Biblical Rhetorical Analysis’s study already done and published in previous articles. The prevailing positions and interpretations of the modern exegesis to Job 38:1–42:6 will be mentioned and pondered. Some of the most important assonances and dissonances in the research process will be pointed out. The new horizons will be set through a dialogue between the last studies of M. Fox and those of the study of the composition, according to the Biblical Rhetorical Analysis, demonstrating the relevance of the contribution of the last one. Despite all the controversy attested throughout decades by the exegesis studies, the study of the composition of the entire section (38:1–42:6) allows us to affirm an achievement of God’s uniqueness. God’s words to Job are a celebration of God’s creation of the world which human beings know very little and of which they only have a glimpse.