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Listrura urussanga sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/act: F703D95A-0F7E-4261-8B97-5EAAAD9BD698 (Figures 3d–f, 6, 7; Table 1) Holotype UFRJ 6914, 35.5 mm SL; Brazil: Estado de Santa Catarina: Municipality of Balneário Rincão: village of Urussanga Velha: stream tributary to Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin, 28.791°S, 49.238°W; C.R.M. Feltrin, 27 April 2020. Paratypes All from Brazil: Estado de Santa Catarina: Município de Balneário Rincão: Rio Urussanga basin. UFRJ 6915, 1, 27.6 mm SL; UFRJ 6916, 3, 30.7–37.6 mm SL (C&S); CICCAA 04080, 2, 31.9–37.2 mm SL; collected with holotype. UFRJ 6917, 3, 35.9–39.6 mm SL; stream tributary to Lagoa Urussanga Velha, 28.786°S, 49.231°W; C.R.M. Feltrin, 27 April 2020. Additional material (non-type specimens) UFRJ 6930, 6; UFRJ 6931, 1 (C&S); Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Municipality of Içara: village of Cristo Rei: stream belonging to the Rio Três Ribeirões subdrainage, Rio dos Porcos drainage, Rio Araranguá basin, Cristo Rei, Içara, 28.713°S, 49.321°W; C.R.M. Feltrin, 27 April 2020. Diagnosis Listrura urussanga differs from all other species of the genus, except L. depinnai and L. gyrinura, by having a deep caudal peduncle, deeper than the preanal region of the body, as the result of an expanded skin fold involving procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs caudal peduncle slender, its depth about equal to preanal depth). Listrura urussanga is distinguished from L. depinnai by the presence of a dorsal fin (vs absence), and by having more vertebrae (48 or 49 vs 45 or 46), and from Listrura gyrinura having fewer vertebrae (48 or 49 vs 51 or 52), dorsal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 29th and 30th vertebrae (vs between the centra of the 31st to 33rd vertebrae), anal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 30th and 31st vertebrae (vs between the centra of the 32nd and 33rd vertebrae), presence of a process on the dorsal surface of the autopalatine articular facet for the mesethmoid (vs absence), presence of a ventral projection on the hyomandibula articular facet for the opercle (vs absence), a longer parhypural posterior process, its length about equal to the length between the anterior margin of the parurohyal head and the proximal limit of the posterior process (vs about half as long as, or slightly shorter than that length), and mesethmoid cornu nearly straight (vs slightly folded posteriorly). Listrura urussanga is also distinguished from L. boticario and L. camposae by having more procurrent caudal-fin rays (dorsal procurrent rays 38 or 39 vs 28–30 in L. boticario, 31–34 in L. camposae; ventral procurrent rays 35 or 36, vs 28 in L. boticario and 26–28 in L. camposae). Description Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Body slender, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth approximately at middle region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and ventral profiles slightly convex, slightly expanded on caudal peduncle. Skin papillae minute. Anus and urogenital papilla slightly anterior to anal fin base. Head trapezoidal in dorsal view. Anterior profile of head straight in dorsal view. Eye small, dorsally positioned in head, just anterior to midway between snout and posterior limit of head. Posterior nostril located nearer orbit than anterior nostril. Barbels long, reaching basal portion of first pectoral-fin ray. Mouth subterminal. Jaw teeth pointed, arranged in two rows; total premaxillary teeth 16–20, outer row 6–8, inner row 10–12; total dentary teeth 15–16, outer row 7–8, inner row 7–9. Branchial membrane attached to isthmus only at its anterior point. Branchiostegal rays 6. Dorsal and anal fins minute; total dorsal-fin rays 7 (i–ii + V–VI), total anal-fin rays 6–7 (i–ii + 5–6); dorsal-fin origin at vertical slightly posterior to anal-fin base, through centrum of 29th or 30th vertebra; anal-fin origin at vertical through centrum of 30th or 31st vertebra. Pectoral fin narrow, total pectoral-fin rays 2–3 (II–III), first ray well developed, second and third rays rudimentary, second ray half first ray length or less, third ray when present hardly visible. Pelvic fin and girdle absent. Caudal fin spatula-shaped, with dorsal and ventral procurrent rays anteriorly extending to area close to dorsal and anal-fin base, respectively; total principal caudal-fin rays 13 (I + 9 + II), total dorsal procurrent rays 38–39 (xxxvi–xxxvii + I–II), total ventral procurrent rays 35–36 (xxxiv–xxxv + I). Vertebrae 48–49. Ribs 2 or 3. Single dorsal hypural plate, corresponding to hypurals 3–5; single ventral hypural plate corresponding to hypurals 1–2 and parhypural. Latero-sensory system Cephalic sensory canal minute, restricted to short postorbital canal with 2 pores just above opercular patch of odontodes, connected to short lateral line of body, with 1 pore just posterior to pectoral-fin base. Osteology (Figure 3 d-f) Mesethmoid thin, posteriorly widening, with distinctive lateral expansion; cornu narrow and straight. Antorbital rectangular, with a narrow posterior process; sesamoid supraorbital minute. Premaxilla sub-triangular in dorsal view, with narrow lateral extremity. Maxilla moderate in length, nearly equal to premaxilla length. Autopalatine sub-rectangular in dorsal view, compact, lateral and medial margins slightly concave; autopalatine posterolateral process minute, with narrow process dorso-medially directed; articular facet for mesethmoid wide, with distinctive dorsal process. Metapterygoid minute. Quadrate slender, dorsal process narrow, without posterior outgrowth. Hyomandibula long, with anterior outgrowth anteriorly terminating in sharp tip; articular facet for opercle robust, with distinctive ventral expansion. Opercle relatively robust, transverse length of odontode patch slightly shorter than transverse length of interopercular odontode patch; interopercle compact, with prominent postero-dorsal expansion; opercular odontodes 6–8, interopercular odontodes 6–8; odontodes pointed, nearly straight. Preopercle narrow and long. Parurohyal slender, lateral process narrow and pointed, latero-posteriorly directed; parurohyal head small, with minute anterolateral paired process; middle foramen small and rounded; posterior process long, its length about equal to length between anterior margin of parurohyal head and proximal limit of posterior process. Colouration in alcohol Trunk and head light brownish grey, with brown chromatophores irregularly arranged on dorsum, flank and head, often forming irregularly shaped spots, darker on flank longitudinal midline, almost black, often forming interrupted longitudinal stripe; on head, brown chromatophores extending over base of barbels; unpigmented area below orbit and branchiostegal region. Venter greyish white with few sparse brown chromatophores. Fins hyaline with brown chromatophores forming minute spots, often melanophores forming black spots between dorsal limit of caudal peduncle muscles and skin fold supporting dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Distribution, habitat and conservation Listrura urussanga is known from two neighbouring areas, one in streams tributary to the Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin, the type locality, and the other in the Rio dos Porcos drainage, Rio Araranguá basin (Figure 4). Specimens were found close to the leaf litter bottom over fine gravel sediment on the stream bottom (Figure 5b). The region where this species was found is undergoing an intense process of urbanisation, and many areas are occupied by livestock and agriculture activities, leaving few areas with natural conditions. In addition, neighbouring streams are under intense environmental decline caused by new roads and urban pollution, making the habitat of the new species highly vulnerable. Etymology The name urussanga is a reference to the type locality of the new species near the Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin. It is a non-Latin noun used in apposition. The name is probably derived from the Tupi-Guarani, meaning very cold water., Published as part of Costa, Wilson J. E. M., Feltrin, Caio R. M. & Katz, Axel M., 2023, Field studies in small streams of the Atlantic Forest of southern subtropical Brazil reveal two new interstitial microcambevine catfishes of the genus Listrura (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), pp. 475-489 in Journal of Natural History 57 (9 - 12) on pages 482-487, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2196450, http://zenodo.org/record/7924564

Listrura urussanga sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/act: F703D95A-0F7E-4261-8B97-5EAAAD9BD698 (Figures 3d–f, 6, 7; Table 1) Holotype UFRJ 6914, 35.5 mm SL; Brazil: Estado de Santa Catarina: Municipality of Balneário Rincão: village of Urussanga Velha: stream tributary to Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin, 28.791°S, 49.238°W; C.R.M. Feltrin, 27 April 2020. Paratypes All from Brazil: Estado de Santa Catarina: Município de Balneário Rincão: Rio Urussanga basin. UFRJ 6915, 1, 27.6 mm SL; UFRJ 6916, 3, 30.7–37.6 mm SL (C&S); CICCAA 04080, 2, 31.9–37.2 mm SL; collected with holotype. UFRJ 6917, 3, 35.9–39.6 mm SL; stream tributary to Lagoa Urussanga Velha, 28.786°S, 49.231°W; C.R.M. Feltrin, 27 April 2020. Additional material (non-type specimens) UFRJ 6930, 6; UFRJ 6931, 1 (C&S); Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Municipality of Içara: village of Cristo Rei: stream belonging to the Rio Três Ribeirões subdrainage, Rio dos Porcos drainage, Rio Araranguá basin, Cristo Rei, Içara, 28.713°S, 49.321°W; C.R.M. Feltrin, 27 April 2020. Diagnosis Listrura urussanga differs from all other species of the genus, except L. depinnai and L. gyrinura, by having a deep caudal peduncle, deeper than the preanal region of the body, as the result of an expanded skin fold involving procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs caudal peduncle slender, its depth about equal to preanal depth). Listrura urussanga is distinguished from L. depinnai by the presence of a dorsal fin (vs absence), and by having more vertebrae (48 or 49 vs 45 or 46), and from Listrura gyrinura having fewer vertebrae (48 or 49 vs 51 or 52), dorsal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 29th and 30th vertebrae (vs between the centra of the 31st to 33rd vertebrae), anal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 30th and 31st vertebrae (vs between the centra of the 32nd and 33rd vertebrae), presence of a process on the dorsal surface of the autopalatine articular facet for the mesethmoid (vs absence), presence of a ventral projection on the hyomandibula articular facet for the opercle (vs absence), a longer parhypural posterior process, its length about equal to the length between the anterior margin of the parurohyal head and the proximal limit of the posterior process (vs about half as long as, or slightly shorter than that length), and mesethmoid cornu nearly straight (vs slightly folded posteriorly). Listrura urussanga is also distinguished from L. boticario and L. camposae by having more procurrent caudal-fin rays (dorsal procurrent rays 38 or 39 vs 28–30 in L. boticario, 31–34 in L. camposae; ventral procurrent rays 35 or 36, vs 28 in L. boticario and 26–28 in L. camposae). Description Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Body slender, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth approximately at middle region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and ventral profiles slightly convex, slightly expanded on caudal peduncle. Skin papillae minute. Anus and urogenital papilla slightly anterior to anal fin base. Head trapezoidal in dorsal view. Anterior profile of head straight in dorsal view. Eye small, dorsally positioned in head, just anterior to midway between snout and posterior limit of head. Posterior nostril located nearer orbit than anterior nostril. Barbels long, reaching basal portion of first pectoral-fin ray. Mouth subterminal. Jaw teeth pointed, arranged in two rows; total premaxillary teeth 16–20, outer row 6–8, inner row 10–12; total dentary teeth 15–16, outer row 7–8, inner row 7–9. Branchial membrane attached to isthmus only at its anterior point. Branchiostegal rays 6. Dorsal and anal fins minute; total dorsal-fin rays 7 (i–ii + V–VI), total anal-fin rays 6–7 (i–ii + 5–6); dorsal-fin origin at vertical slightly posterior to anal-fin base, through centrum of 29th or 30th vertebra; anal-fin origin at vertical through centrum of 30th or 31st vertebra. Pectoral fin narrow, total pectoral-fin rays 2–3 (II–III), first ray well developed, second and third rays rudimentary, second ray half first ray length or less, third ray when present hardly visible. Pelvic fin and girdle absent. Caudal fin spatula-shaped, with dorsal and ventral procurrent rays anteriorly extending to area close to dorsal and anal-fin base, respectively; total principal caudal-fin rays 13 (I + 9 + II), total dorsal procurrent rays 38–39 (xxxvi–xxxvii + I–II), total ventral procurrent rays 35–36 (xxxiv–xxxv + I). Vertebrae 48–49. Ribs 2 or 3. Single dorsal hypural plate, corresponding to hypurals 3–5; single ventral hypural plate corresponding to hypurals 1–2 and parhypural. Latero-sensory system Cephalic sensory canal minute, restricted to short postorbital canal with 2 pores just above opercular patch of odontodes, connected to short lateral line of body, with 1 pore just posterior to pectoral-fin base. Osteology (Figure 3 d-f) Mesethmoid thin, posteriorly widening, with distinctive lateral expansion; cornu narrow and straight. Antorbital rectangular, with a narrow posterior process; sesamoid supraorbital minute. Premaxilla sub-triangular in dorsal view, with narrow lateral extremity. Maxilla moderate in length, nearly equal to premaxilla length. Autopalatine sub-rectangular in dorsal view, compact, lateral and medial margins slightly concave; autopalatine posterolateral process minute, with narrow process dorso-medially directed; articular facet for mesethmoid wide, with distinctive dorsal process. Metapterygoid minute. Quadrate slender, dorsal process narrow, without posterior outgrowth. Hyomandibula long, with anterior outgrowth anteriorly terminating in sharp tip; articular facet for opercle robust, with distinctive ventral expansion. Opercle relatively robust, transverse length of odontode patch slightly shorter than transverse length of interopercular odontode patch; interopercle compact, with prominent postero-dorsal expansion; opercular odontodes 6–8, interopercular odontodes 6–8; odontodes pointed, nearly straight. Preopercle narrow and long. Parurohyal slender, lateral process narrow and pointed, latero-posteriorly directed; parurohyal head small, with minute anterolateral paired process; middle foramen small and rounded; posterior process long, its length about equal to length between anterior margin of parurohyal head and proximal limit of posterior process. Colouration in alcohol Trunk and head light brownish grey, with brown chromatophores irregularly arranged on dorsum, flank and head, often forming irregularly shaped spots, darker on flank longitudinal midline, almost black, often forming interrupted longitudinal stripe; on head, brown chromatophores extending over base of barbels; unpigmented area below orbit and branchiostegal region. Venter greyish white with few sparse brown chromatophores. Fins hyaline with brown chromatophores forming minute spots, often melanophores forming black spots between dorsal limit of caudal peduncle muscles and skin fold supporting dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Distribution, habitat and conservation Listrura urussanga is known from two neighbouring areas, one in streams tributary to the Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin, the type locality, and the other in the Rio dos Porcos drainage, Rio Araranguá basin (Figure 4). Specimens were found close to the leaf litter bottom over fine gravel sediment on the stream bottom (Figure 5b). The region where this species was found is undergoing an intense process of urbanisation, and many areas are occupied by livestock and agriculture activities, leaving few areas with natural conditions. In addition, neighbouring streams are under intense environmental decline caused by new roads and urban pollution, making the habitat of the new species highly vulnerable. Etymology The name urussanga is a reference to the type locality of the new species near the Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin. It is a non-Latin noun used in apposition. The name is probably derived from the Tupi-Guarani, meaning very cold water.

Listrura gyrinura sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/act: F68F2A3E-B5F7-418E-BFA6-EA6752BAB543 (Figures 1–3a–c; Table 1) Holotype UFRJ 6927, 39.9 mm SL; Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Municipality of Paulo Lopes: village of Sertão do Campo: stream tributary to Rio da Madre, 27.920°S, 48.692°W; C.R.M. Feltrin and F.R. Colonetti, 10 July 2020. Paratypes UFRJ 6928, 10, 27.6–41.6 mm SL; UFRJ 6929, 4 (C&S), 29.7–38.4 mm SL; CICCAA 02658, 5, 29.7–37.0 mm SL; collected with holotype. Diagnosis Listrura gyrinura is distinguished from all congeners, except L. depinnai and L. urussanga, by having a deep caudal peduncle,deeper than the preanal region of the body, as the result of an expanded skin fold involving procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs caudal peduncle slender, its depth about equal to preanal depth). Listrura gyrinura is distinguished from L. depinnai and L. urussanga by having more vertebrae (51 or 52 vs 45 or 46 in L. depinnai and 48 or 49 in L. urussanga), absence of a process on the dorsal surface of the autopalatine articular facet for the mesethmoid (vs presence),and by the mesethmoid cornu being slightly posteriorly folded (vs straight). Listrura gyrinura also differs from L. depinnai by the presence of a dorsal fin (vs absence), and from L. urussanga by having the dorsal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 31st to 33rd vertebrae (vs between centra of the 29th and 30th vertebrae), anal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 32nd and 33rd vertebrae (vs between the centra of the 30th and 31st vertebrae), absence of a ventral projection on the hyomandibula articular facet for the opercle (vs presence), and a shorter parhypural posterior process, its length about half or slightly less of the length between the anterior margin of the parurohyal head and the proximal limit of the posterior process (vs about equal to that length). Listrura gyrinura is also distinguished from L. boticario and L. camposae by having more ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays (31–36, vs 28 in L. boticario and 26–28 in L. camposae). Description Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Body slender, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth approximately at middle region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and ventral profiles slightly convex, slightly expanded on caudal peduncle. Skin papillae minute. Anus and urogenital papilla slightly anterior to anal fin base. Head trapezoidal in dorsal view. Anterior profile of head straight in dorsal view. Eye small, dorsally positioned in head, just anterior to midway between snout and posterior limit of head. Posterior nostril located nearer to orbit than to anterior nostril. Barbels long, reaching basal portion of first pectoral-fin ray. Mouth subterminal. Jaw teeth pointed, arranged in two rows; total premaxillary teeth 18–23, outer row 7–10, inner row 11–13; total dentary teeth 15–18, outer row 6–7, inner row 7–11. Branchial membrane attached to isthmus only at its anterior point. Branchiostegal rays 5–7. Dorsal and anal fins minute; total dorsal-fin rays 6–8 (i–ii + V–VI), total anal-fin rays 8 (ii–iii + 5–6); dorsal-fin origin at vertical slightly posterior to anal-fin base, between centra of 31st to 33rd vertebrae; anal-fin origin at vertical through centrum of 32nd or 33rd vertebra. Pectoral fin narrow, total pectoral-fin rays 3 (III), first ray well developed, second and third rays rudimentary, second ray half first ray length or less, third ray slightly shorter than second ray. Pelvic fin and girdle absent. Caudal fin spatula-shaped, narrowing posteriorly; dorsal and ventral procurrent rays anteriorly extending to area close to dorsal- and anal-fin base, respectively; total principal caudal-fin rays 12 or 13 (I–II + 7–9 + II–III), total dorsal procurrent rays 33–38 (xxxii–xxxvii + I–II), total ventral procurrent rays 31–36 (xxx–xxxiv + I–III). Vertebrae 51–52. Ribs 2 or 3. Single dorsal hypural plate, corresponding to hypurals 3–5; single ventral hypural plate corresponding to hypurals 1–2 and parhypural. Latero-sensory system Cephalic sensory canal minute, restricted to short postorbital canal with 2 pores just above opercular patch of odontodes, connected to short lateral line of body, with 1 pore just posterior to pectoral-fin base. Osteology (Figure 3a–c) Mesethmoid thin, posteriorly widening, with distinctive lateral expansion; cornu narrow and slightly posteriorly folded. Antorbital pentagonal; sesamoid supraorbital minute. Premaxilla sub-triangular in dorsal view, with narrow lateral extremity. Maxilla moderate in length, slightly longer than premaxilla length. Autopalatine sub-rectangular in dorsal view, compact, lateral and medial margins slightly concave; autopalatine posterolateral process minute, with narrow process dorso-medially directed; articular facet for mesethmoid wide, without distinctive dorsal process. Metapterygoid minute. Quadrate slender, dorsal process narrow, without posterior outgrowth. Hyomandibula long, with anterior outgrowth anteriorly terminating in sharp tip; articular facet for opercle robust, without distinctive ventral expansion. Opercle slender, transverse length of odontode patch about three quarters of transverse length of interopercular odontode patch; interopercle compact, with minute postero-dorsal process; opercular odontodes 5–7, interopercular odontodes 8–10; odontodes pointed, nearly straight. Preopercle narrow and long. Parurohyal slender, lateral process narrow and pointed, latero-posteriorly directed; parurohyal head small, with prominent anterolateral paired process; middle foramen small and rounded; posterior process short, its length about half or slightly less of length between anterior margin of parurohyal head and proximal limit of posterior process. Colouration in alcohol Dorsum and dorsal portion of flank and head light brownish grey, with brown chromatophores irregularly arranged, often forming small irregularly shaped spots, darker on flank longitudinal midline; on head, brown chromatophores extending over base of barbels; unpigmented area below orbit. Venter and ventral portion of flank and head greyish white, often with brown chromatophores irregularly arranged on posterior region of flank, sometimes a few brown chromatophores on ventral portion of head and venter. Fins hyaline with brown chromatophores forming minute spots. Distribution, habitat and conservation Listrura gyrinura is only known from the type locality, a clear-water stream tributary to the Rio da Madre, a small isolated coastal river basin (Figure 4). It was found close to the leaf litter over gravel sediment on the stream bottom (Figure 5a). The habitat of this species may be considered highly endangered by mining activities that use explosives. About 100 m below the type locality, the stream is highly impacted by both mining sediments and rice planting. Etymology From the Greek gyrinus (tadpole) and ura (tail), referring to the shape of the caudal fin and caudal peduncle of the new species, similar to that occurring in tadpoles., Published as part of Costa, Wilson J. E. M., Feltrin, Caio R. M. & Katz, Axel M., 2023, Field studies in small streams of the Atlantic Forest of southern subtropical Brazil reveal two new interstitial microcambevine catfishes of the genus Listrura (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), pp. 475-489 in Journal of Natural History 57 (9 - 12) on pages 477-481, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2196450, http://zenodo.org/record/7924564

Listrura gyrinura sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/act: F68F2A3E-B5F7-418E-BFA6-EA6752BAB543 (Figures 1–3a–c; Table 1) Holotype UFRJ 6927, 39.9 mm SL; Brazil: Santa Catarina State: Municipality of Paulo Lopes: village of Sertão do Campo: stream tributary to Rio da Madre, 27.920°S, 48.692°W; C.R.M. Feltrin and F.R. Colonetti, 10 July 2020. Paratypes UFRJ 6928, 10, 27.6–41.6 mm SL; UFRJ 6929, 4 (C&S), 29.7–38.4 mm SL; CICCAA 02658, 5, 29.7–37.0 mm SL; collected with holotype. Diagnosis Listrura gyrinura is distinguished from all congeners, except L. depinnai and L. urussanga, by having a deep caudal peduncle,deeper than the preanal region of the body, as the result of an expanded skin fold involving procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs caudal peduncle slender, its depth about equal to preanal depth). Listrura gyrinura is distinguished from L. depinnai and L. urussanga by having more vertebrae (51 or 52 vs 45 or 46 in L. depinnai and 48 or 49 in L. urussanga), absence of a process on the dorsal surface of the autopalatine articular facet for the mesethmoid (vs presence),and by the mesethmoid cornu being slightly posteriorly folded (vs straight). Listrura gyrinura also differs from L. depinnai by the presence of a dorsal fin (vs absence), and from L. urussanga by having the dorsal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 31st to 33rd vertebrae (vs between centra of the 29th and 30th vertebrae), anal-fin origin at a vertical between the centra of the 32nd and 33rd vertebrae (vs between the centra of the 30th and 31st vertebrae), absence of a ventral projection on the hyomandibula articular facet for the opercle (vs presence), and a shorter parhypural posterior process, its length about half or slightly less of the length between the anterior margin of the parurohyal head and the proximal limit of the posterior process (vs about equal to that length). Listrura gyrinura is also distinguished from L. boticario and L. camposae by having more ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays (31–36, vs 28 in L. boticario and 26–28 in L. camposae). Description Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Body slender, subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth approximately at middle region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and ventral profiles slightly convex, slightly expanded on caudal peduncle. Skin papillae minute. Anus and urogenital papilla slightly anterior to anal fin base. Head trapezoidal in dorsal view. Anterior profile of head straight in dorsal view. Eye small, dorsally positioned in head, just anterior to midway between snout and posterior limit of head. Posterior nostril located nearer to orbit than to anterior nostril. Barbels long, reaching basal portion of first pectoral-fin ray. Mouth subterminal. Jaw teeth pointed, arranged in two rows; total premaxillary teeth 18–23, outer row 7–10, inner row 11–13; total dentary teeth 15–18, outer row 6–7, inner row 7–11. Branchial membrane attached to isthmus only at its anterior point. Branchiostegal rays 5–7. Dorsal and anal fins minute; total dorsal-fin rays 6–8 (i–ii + V–VI), total anal-fin rays 8 (ii–iii + 5–6); dorsal-fin origin at vertical slightly posterior to anal-fin base, between centra of 31st to 33rd vertebrae; anal-fin origin at vertical through centrum of 32nd or 33rd vertebra. Pectoral fin narrow, total pectoral-fin rays 3 (III), first ray well developed, second and third rays rudimentary, second ray half first ray length or less, third ray slightly shorter than second ray. Pelvic fin and girdle absent. Caudal fin spatula-shaped, narrowing posteriorly; dorsal and ventral procurrent rays anteriorly extending to area close to dorsal- and anal-fin base, respectively; total principal caudal-fin rays 12 or 13 (I–II + 7–9 + II–III), total dorsal procurrent rays 33–38 (xxxii–xxxvii + I–II), total ventral procurrent rays 31–36 (xxx–xxxiv + I–III). Vertebrae 51–52. Ribs 2 or 3. Single dorsal hypural plate, corresponding to hypurals 3–5; single ventral hypural plate corresponding to hypurals 1–2 and parhypural. Latero-sensory system Cephalic sensory canal minute, restricted to short postorbital canal with 2 pores just above opercular patch of odontodes, connected to short lateral line of body, with 1 pore just posterior to pectoral-fin base. Osteology (Figure 3a–c) Mesethmoid thin, posteriorly widening, with distinctive lateral expansion; cornu narrow and slightly posteriorly folded. Antorbital pentagonal; sesamoid supraorbital minute. Premaxilla sub-triangular in dorsal view, with narrow lateral extremity. Maxilla moderate in length, slightly longer than premaxilla length. Autopalatine sub-rectangular in dorsal view, compact, lateral and medial margins slightly concave; autopalatine posterolateral process minute, with narrow process dorso-medially directed; articular facet for mesethmoid wide, without distinctive dorsal process. Metapterygoid minute. Quadrate slender, dorsal process narrow, without posterior outgrowth. Hyomandibula long, with anterior outgrowth anteriorly terminating in sharp tip; articular facet for opercle robust, without distinctive ventral expansion. Opercle slender, transverse length of odontode patch about three quarters of transverse length of interopercular odontode patch; interopercle compact, with minute postero-dorsal process; opercular odontodes 5–7, interopercular odontodes 8–10; odontodes pointed, nearly straight. Preopercle narrow and long. Parurohyal slender, lateral process narrow and pointed, latero-posteriorly directed; parurohyal head small, with prominent anterolateral paired process; middle foramen small and rounded; posterior process short, its length about half or slightly less of length between anterior margin of parurohyal head and proximal limit of posterior process. Colouration in alcohol Dorsum and dorsal portion of flank and head light brownish grey, with brown chromatophores irregularly arranged, often forming small irregularly shaped spots, darker on flank longitudinal midline; on head, brown chromatophores extending over base of barbels; unpigmented area below orbit. Venter and ventral portion of flank and head greyish white, often with brown chromatophores irregularly arranged on posterior region of flank, sometimes a few brown chromatophores on ventral portion of head and venter. Fins hyaline with brown chromatophores forming minute spots. Distribution, habitat and conservation Listrura gyrinura is only known from the type locality, a clear-water stream tributary to the Rio da Madre, a small isolated coastal river basin (Figure 4). It was found close to the leaf litter over gravel sediment on the stream bottom (Figure 5a). The habitat of this species may be considered highly endangered by mining activities that use explosives. About 100 m below the type locality, the stream is highly impacted by both mining sediments and rice planting. Etymology From the Greek gyrinus (tadpole) and ura (tail), referring to the shape of the caudal fin and caudal peduncle of the new species, similar to that occurring in tadpoles.

Listrura depinnai, new species, is described from a small swampy area belonging to Laguna dos Patos system, Municipality of Viamao, Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. It occurs within the wildlife reserve Refugio de Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, and represents the southernmost record of the glanapterygine catfishes. The new species is easily distinguished from remaining Listrura by having the following putative autapomorphies: the region below the midline of flank covered by several spots (vs. unpigmented or with a slender row of small spots); the caudal peduncle at procurrent-ray folds deeper than the preanal portion of body (vs. approximately the same depth); and the presence of a conspicuous intumescence adjacent to the posterodorsal margin of the pectoral-fin base (vs. swelling slight or absent). Putative phylogenetic positions of Listrura depinnai are herein discussed. Listrura depinnai, especie nova, e descrita de uma pequena area alagada pertencente ao sistema da Laguna dos Patos, Mun...

The genus Listrura, Glanapteryginae, currently comprises six valid species of small and elongated trichomycterid catfishes that inhabit coastal plains of Southern and Southeastern Brazil. As primarily fossorial dwellers, species of the genus display unusual morphological adaptations and restricted habitats, which make these fishes particularly susceptible to environmental disturbance. Listrura camposi is poorly known and ranked as a Critically Endangered catfish species, according to current Brazilian list of threatened species. Description of the species was based on a single specimen collected in 1940, and for seven decades no additional specimens were reported. As a consequence, basic information about the species is unavailable. Recently, a population of L. camposi was found inhabiting a small stream tributary to rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, São Paulo State, relatively close to the type locality. On the basis of newly collected material, the species is redescribed and the first data on its habitat and ecology are presented. Conservation status is also discussed. O gênero Listrura, Glanapteryginae, compreende atualmente seis espécies válidas de bagres pequenos e alongados que habitam as baixadas costeiras do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Principalmente de hábitos fossoriais, as espécies do gênero apresentam adaptações morfológicas incomuns e habitat restrito, o que torna estes peixes particularmente suscetíveis a distúrbios ambientais. Listrura camposi é pouco conhecida e considerada uma espécie Criticamente em Perigo, segundo as mais recentes listas brasileiras de espécies ameaçadas. A descrição da espécie foi baseada em um único exemplar coletado em 1940 e por sete décadas nenhum espécime adicional foi relatado. Como consequência, informações básicas sobre a espécie estão indisponíveis. Recentemente, uma população de L. camposi foi encontrada habitando um pequeno córrego tributário da bacia rio Ribeira de Iguape, estado de São Paulo, relativamente próximo da localidade-tipo. Com base no material coletado recentemente, a espécie é redescrita e os primeiros dados sobre seu habitat e ecologia são apresentados. O estado de conservação também é discutido.

Listrura costai, new species, is described from small streams in a swampy coastal plain in the rio Jurumirim basin, Angra dos Reis Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. The new species is morphologically very similar to L. nematopteryx and L. picinguabae, all possessing only one long pectoral-fin ray. It differs from its congeners by possessing an autapomorphic character: first hypobranchial with an anterior process (vs. process absent). Other features such as coloration, numbers of opercular and interopercular odontodes, number of anal-fin rays, head length, and shape of some bone structures help to distinguish the new species from L. nematopteryx and L. picinguabae. Molecular analyses using partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA genes cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 and cytochrome b from the new species and morphologically similar species are provided. The results about both molecular markers corroborate the validity of the new species by significant genetic distance values between it and congeneric species, and by its phylogenetic position in the hypotheses performed by maximum-parsimony method. Listrura costai, espécie nova, é descrita de exemplares obtidos em pequenos córregos restritos à bacia do rio Jurumirim, município de Angra dos Reis, estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. A espécie nova é morfologicamente muito similar a L. nematopteryx e L. picinguabae, todas possuindo um único e longo raio na nadadeira peitoral. Difere-se dos seus congêneres por possuir um caráter autapomórfico: primeiro hipobranquial com um processo anterior (vs. processo ausente). Outras características como coloração, número de odontóides operculares e interoperculares, número de raios na nadadeira anal, e forma de algumas estruturas ósseas ajudam a diferenciar a nova espécie de L. nematopteryx e L. picinguabae. Análises moleculares usando sequências parciais dos genes mitocondriais citocromo oxidase c subunidade 1 e citocromo b da nova espécie e espécies morfologicamente similares são apresentadas. Os resultados de ambos os marcadores moleculares corroboram a validade da espécie nova pelos valores significativos das distâncias genéticas entre esta e as espécies congenéricas, e por sua posição filogenética nas hipóteses feitas pelo o método de máxima parcimônia

Listrura picinguabae, new species, is described from small tributary streams of rio da Fazenda, an isolated coastal river in Picinguaba, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. It is distinguished from all other trichomycterids, except L. nematopteryx, in possessing a single long pectoral-fin ray. It differs from L. nematopteryx by a combination of features including relative position of anal and dorsal-fin origins, higher number of anal-fin rays and opercular and interopercular odontodes, and morphology of the urohyal.

Listrura tetraradiata, new species, is described from a small headwater stream of the Lagoa de Araruama system, a coastal lagoon system in Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. It is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by having four pectoral fin rays (vs three in Listrura camposi and one in Listrura nematopteryx) and branched rays in pectoral, dorsal and anal fins, these character states unique among glanapterygines. It also differs from its congeners by higher number of premaxillary and dentary teeth and fewer number of procurrent caudal fin rays.

Listrura picinguabae new species (Figs. 1-3) Listrura nematopteryx de Pinna and Wosiacki (2003). Holotype. UFRJ 6111, 48.6 mm SL; Brazil: Estado de Sào Paulo: Município de Ubatuba, serra do Mar, Picinguaba, small stream tributary to rio da Fazenda, on small road near Km 11 of the road BR-101, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, about 23°20’S44°45’W; W. J. E. M. Costa, B. Costa & L. Villa-Verde, 19 September 2005. Paratypes. All from streams close to rio da Fazenda, Picinguaba, São Paulo, Brazil: MCP 38921, 2 ex., 42.5-31.8 mm SL; W. J. E. M. Costa & M. I. Landim, October, 1996.UFRJ 5948, 1 ex., 35.5 mm SL; R. Sachsse & S. Potsch, 23 August 1992.UFRJ 5949, 2 ex., 24.3-32.3 mm SL; L. N. Weber, August 1996.UFRJ 5950, 15 ex., 29.4-45.3 mm SL; W. J. E. M. Costa & M. I. Landim, October, 1996.UFRJ 5951, 4 ex., 31.3-35.5 mm SL (all c&s); no data on collectors and date.UFRJ 5991, 2 ex., 26.3-31.9 mm SL, L. N. Weber, 15 October 1994.UFRJ 6138, 5 ex., 36.0-50.2 mm SL (all c&s), no data on collectors and date. Diagnosis Listrura picinguabae is similar to L. nematopteryx, and distinguished from all other trichomycterids in possessing a single long pectoral-fin ray. It differs from L. nematopteryx in having the anal-fin origin anterior to dorsal-fin origin (dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3rd and 4th anal-fin rays) to anal-fin origin slightly posterior to dorsal-fin origin, anal-fin origin on vertical through base of 2nd dorsal-fin ray (vs. anal-fin origin always posterior to dorsal-fin origin, on vertical between 3rd and 5th dorsal-fin rays), dorsal-fin origin at vertical between centra of 34th and 37th vertebrae (vs. between 31st and 34th), 8-10 anal-fin rays (vs. 7-8), 6-8 opercular odontodes (vs. 4-6), 7-10 interopercular odontodes (vs. 5-7), and lateral process of urohyal reaching posterior region of anterior ceratohyal (vs. reaching posterior region of posterior ceratohyal) (Fig. 4). Description Morphometric data given in Table 1. Body elongate, subcylindrical on anterior portion of trunk, to strongly compressed on caudal peduncle. Dorsal and ventral profiles straight or slightly curved on anterior portion of body. Skin papillae minute. Head depressed, trapezoidal with square anterior portion in dorsal view (Fig. 3B). Snout blunt. Mouth subterminal and narrow. Teeth conical, tips pointed and curved. Jaw teeth distributed in two rows. Premaxillary teeth 17-26; dentary teeth 13-15. Eyes anteriorly located on head, nearer snout tip than opercular patch of odontodes. Tip of nasal barbel reaching between posterior margin of interopercular patch of odontodes and posterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Tip of maxillary barbel reaching beyond posterior margin of interopercular patch of odontodes. Tip of rictal barbel reaching between middle of interopercular patch of odontodes and posterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Branchiostegal rays 6. Interopercular odontodes 7-10, opercular odontodes 6-8; odontodes conical, tips pointed and slightly curved. Dorsal and anal fins triangular. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between centra of 34th and 37th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin anterior to dorsal-fin origin (dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3rd and 4th anal-fin rays) to anal-fin origin slightly posterior to dorsal-fin origin (anal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3rd and 4th dorsal-fin rays); dorsal-fin origin between centra of 34th and 36th vertebrae. Caudal-fin rounded. Pectoral-fin with single long ray. Pelvic fin and pelvic girdle absent. Dorsal-fin rays 7, all unbranched; analfin rays 8-10, all unbranched; principal caudal-fin rays 11-13, dorsal procurrent rays 26-35, ventral procurrent rays 25-30. Pleural ribs 2-3. Total vertebrae 51-55. Caudal skeleton compact, parahypural fused to hypurals 1-2; hypurals 1-2 almost completely fused to hypurals 3-5. Uroneural and haemal spine sometimes fused to caudal complex. Branchial membranes attached only at anteriormost point of isthmus. Anterior nostril just anterior to nasal barbel. Posterior nostril located on anterior half of distance between anterior nostril and eye. Lateral-sensory system extremely reduced. Supraorbital and infraorbital canals absent. Preopercular canal with one pore, at vertical through anterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Pterotic branch of post-otic canal, with one pore at vertical just posterior to opercular patch of odontodes. Lateral line of body short, with two pores; first pore largest, at vertical just posterior to pectoral-fin base, second pore just posterior to second pore (see Fig. 3). Coloration in alcohol: Side of body light brown, with horizontal midlateral brown line. Lateral surface of caudal peduncle with two oblique brown lines posteriorly turned, above and below lateral line, and small brown spots on posterior portion of caudal peduncle extending over base of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Dorsal surface of trunk with two brown lines, and three brown longitudinal lines on center of dorsum, posteriorly converging to form single stripe along dorsal midline. Ventral surface almost white. Dorsal portion of head with large, trapezoidal brown blotch narrower anteriorly, between nape and vertical through eyes. Barbels and fins nearly white. Distribution Known only from the type locality region, in small tributaries to rio da Fazenda, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat notes The new species was collected in narrow (about 50 cm wide) and shallow (about 20 cm deep) streams in a dense tropical forest (Mata Atlântica). Individuals were found buried in the litter bottom. No other fishes were observed, but tadpoles (unidentified) were present. Etymology The name picinguabae is in allusion to the name of type locality of the new species, Picinguaba, southeastern Brazil. Discussion Two species of Listrura, L. camposi and L. boticario, are known only from their holotypes. The lack of osteological information for these species impedes a complete analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genus. However, it is possible that Listrura nematopteryx and L. picinguabae comprise a monophyletic assemblage, given the fact that the pectoral fin of these species consists of a single ray and the ray is in the form of a long filament. This condition is not present in any other trichomycterids thus far described. The lateral process of the urohyal is longer in L. nematopteryx than in L. picinguabae (Fig. 3). The apomorphic vomer bottle-shaped identified by de Pinna (1988) as a possible synapomorphy for Listrura and corroborated by Landim and Costa (2002), also occurs in L. picinguabae (Fig. 5). However, the vomer of L. picinguabae bears a short pointed posterior process, which is forked is some specimens.

[[Listrura de Pinna]] Listrura de Pinna is the only genus of the subfamily Glanapteryginae occurring in small coastal rivers basins of southern and southeastern Brazil (de Pinna, 1988; Nico & de Pinna, 1996; Landim & Costa, 2002; de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2002). All other glanapterygines (Glanapteryx Myers, Typhlobelus Myers, and Pygidianops Myers) are endemic to the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, northern South America (Myers, 1944; de Pinna, 1998; Costa & Bockmann, 1994) and constitute a clade. Listrura species inhabit interstitial spaces in the substrate (i. e., sand, litter) of shallow forest streams (Landim & Costa, 2002; de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2002). The genus includes four species: L. camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro), described from the rio Ribeira do Iguape basin, southern S��o Paulo State (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1957; de Pinna, 1988), and also found in ribeir��o da Ilha, Florian��polis, Santa Catarina State (Nico & de Pinna, 1996); L. nematopteryx de Pinna, known from two localities in river basins (Igua���� and Estrela) adjacent to ba��a de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro State (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1962; de Pinna, 1988); L. tetraradiata Landim & Costa, from the lagoa de Araruama system, Rio de Janeiro State, and considered the most basal species of Listrura (Landim & Costa, 2002; de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2002); and, L. boticario de Pinna & Wosiacki, from Salto Morato, Paran�� State (de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2002). In this paper we describe a new species from a coastal drainage in Picinguaba of northern S��o Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, previously misidentified as L. nematopteryx (de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2003)., Published as part of Leandro Villa-Verde & Wilson J. E. M. Costa, 2006, A new glanapterygine catfish of the genus Listrura (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the southeastern Brazilian coastal plains., pp. 43-50 in Zootaxa 1142 on page 43

Listrura picinguabae new species (Figs. 1-3) Listrura nematopteryx de Pinna and Wosiacki (2003). Holotype. UFRJ 6111, 48.6 mm SL; Brazil: Estado de S��o Paulo: Munic��pio de Ubatuba, serra do Mar, Picinguaba, small stream tributary to rio da Fazenda, on small road near Km 11 of the road BR-101, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, about 23��20���S44��45���W; W. J. E. M. Costa, B. Costa & L. Villa-Verde, 19 September 2005. Paratypes. All from streams close to rio da Fazenda, Picinguaba, S��o Paulo, Brazil: MCP 38921, 2 ex., 42.5-31.8 mm SL; W. J. E. M. Costa & M. I. Landim, October, 1996.UFRJ 5948, 1 ex., 35.5 mm SL; R. Sachsse & S. Potsch, 23 August 1992.UFRJ 5949, 2 ex., 24.3-32.3 mm SL; L. N. Weber, August 1996.UFRJ 5950, 15 ex., 29.4-45.3 mm SL; W. J. E. M. Costa & M. I. Landim, October, 1996.UFRJ 5951, 4 ex., 31.3-35.5 mm SL (all c&s); no data on collectors and date.UFRJ 5991, 2 ex., 26.3-31.9 mm SL, L. N. Weber, 15 October 1994.UFRJ 6138, 5 ex., 36.0-50.2 mm SL (all c&s), no data on collectors and date. Diagnosis Listrura picinguabae is similar to L. nematopteryx, and distinguished from all other trichomycterids in possessing a single long pectoral-fin ray. It differs from L. nematopteryx in having the anal-fin origin anterior to dorsal-fin origin (dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3rd and 4th anal-fin rays) to anal-fin origin slightly posterior to dorsal-fin origin, anal-fin origin on vertical through base of 2nd dorsal-fin ray (vs. anal-fin origin always posterior to dorsal-fin origin, on vertical between 3rd and 5th dorsal-fin rays), dorsal-fin origin at vertical between centra of 34th and 37th vertebrae (vs. between 31st and 34th), 8-10 anal-fin rays (vs. 7-8), 6-8 opercular odontodes (vs. 4-6), 7-10 interopercular odontodes (vs. 5-7), and lateral process of urohyal reaching posterior region of anterior ceratohyal (vs. reaching posterior region of posterior ceratohyal) (Fig. 4). Description Morphometric data given in Table 1. Body elongate, subcylindrical on anterior portion of trunk, to strongly compressed on caudal peduncle. Dorsal and ventral profiles straight or slightly curved on anterior portion of body. Skin papillae minute. Head depressed, trapezoidal with square anterior portion in dorsal view (Fig. 3B). Snout blunt. Mouth subterminal and narrow. Teeth conical, tips pointed and curved. Jaw teeth distributed in two rows. Premaxillary teeth 17-26; dentary teeth 13-15. Eyes anteriorly located on head, nearer snout tip than opercular patch of odontodes. Tip of nasal barbel reaching between posterior margin of interopercular patch of odontodes and posterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Tip of maxillary barbel reaching beyond posterior margin of interopercular patch of odontodes. Tip of rictal barbel reaching between middle of interopercular patch of odontodes and posterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Branchiostegal rays 6. Interopercular odontodes 7-10, opercular odontodes 6-8; odontodes conical, tips pointed and slightly curved. Dorsal and anal fins triangular. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between centra of 34th and 37th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin anterior to dorsal-fin origin (dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3rd and 4th anal-fin rays) to anal-fin origin slightly posterior to dorsal-fin origin (anal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3rd and 4th dorsal-fin rays); dorsal-fin origin between centra of 34th and 36th vertebrae. Caudal-fin rounded. Pectoral-fin with single long ray. Pelvic fin and pelvic girdle absent. Dorsal-fin rays 7, all unbranched; analfin rays 8-10, all unbranched; principal caudal-fin rays 11-13, dorsal procurrent rays 26-35, ventral procurrent rays 25-30. Pleural ribs 2-3. Total vertebrae 51-55. Caudal skeleton compact, parahypural fused to hypurals 1-2; hypurals 1-2 almost completely fused to hypurals 3-5. Uroneural and haemal spine sometimes fused to caudal complex. Branchial membranes attached only at anteriormost point of isthmus. Anterior nostril just anterior to nasal barbel. Posterior nostril located on anterior half of distance between anterior nostril and eye. Lateral-sensory system extremely reduced. Supraorbital and infraorbital canals absent. Preopercular canal with one pore, at vertical through anterior margin of opercular patch of odontodes. Pterotic branch of post-otic canal, with one pore at vertical just posterior to opercular patch of odontodes. Lateral line of body short, with two pores; first pore largest, at vertical just posterior to pectoral-fin base, second pore just posterior to second pore (see Fig. 3). Coloration in alcohol: Side of body light brown, with horizontal midlateral brown line. Lateral surface of caudal peduncle with two oblique brown lines posteriorly turned, above and below lateral line, and small brown spots on posterior portion of caudal peduncle extending over base of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Dorsal surface of trunk with two brown lines, and three brown longitudinal lines on center of dorsum, posteriorly converging to form single stripe along dorsal midline. Ventral surface almost white. Dorsal portion of head with large, trapezoidal brown blotch narrower anteriorly, between nape and vertical through eyes. Barbels and fins nearly white. Distribution Known only from the type locality region, in small tributaries to rio da Fazenda, S��o Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat notes The new species was collected in narrow (about 50 cm wide) and shallow (about 20 cm deep) streams in a dense tropical forest (Mata Atl��ntica). Individuals were found buried in the litter bottom. No other fishes were observed, but tadpoles (unidentified) were present. Etymology The name picinguabae is in allusion to the name of type locality of the new species, Picinguaba, southeastern Brazil. Discussion Two species of Listrura, L. camposi and L. boticario, are known only from their holotypes. The lack of osteological information for these species impedes a complete analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genus. However, it is possible that Listrura nematopteryx and L. picinguabae comprise a monophyletic assemblage, given the fact that the pectoral fin of these species consists of a single ray and the ray is in the form of a long filament. This condition is not present in any other trichomycterids thus far described. The lateral process of the urohyal is longer in L. nematopteryx than in L. picinguabae (Fig. 3). The apomorphic vomer bottle-shaped identified by de Pinna (1988) as a possible synapomorphy for Listrura and corroborated by Landim and Costa (2002), also occurs in L. picinguabae (Fig. 5). However, the vomer of L. picinguabae bears a short pointed posterior process, which is forked is some specimens., Published as part of Leandro Villa-Verde & Wilson J. E. M. Costa, 2006, A new glanapterygine catfish of the genus Listrura (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the southeastern Brazilian coastal plains., pp. 43-50 in Zootaxa 1142 on pages 44-49

Listrura nematopteryx MZUSP 37138 (2 ex.)., Published as part of Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki, 2004, New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio S��o Francisco basin, Brazil., pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 592 on page 11