Search

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic Lactobacilli addition on Listeria monocytogenes load, inflammatory reaction, and virulence properties in broilers from 1 to 14 D of age. A total of 480 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 6 replicates each. All birds were infected with L. monocytogenes on the first day and supplemented an equal amount mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum at doses of 0 (control), 106, 108, 1010 cfu/kg of diet. The results showed that on 7 and 14 D after administration, Lactobacilli addition at the 3 doses decreased (P

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections, especially when the central nervous system (CNS) is involved. Here, we report a patient who was admitted to the hospital with headache, dizziness, right side facial numbness, and hoarseness. The individual was initially diagnosed with central nervous system idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease (CNS IIDD), which was then found to be CNS Lm infection (brainstem and cervical cord infection). CNS Lm infection mimicking CNS IIDD is rare but must be considered because the treatment is totally different and therapeutic error may be life-threatening.

Listeria monocytogenes widely exists in the natural environment and does great harm, which can cause worldwide public safety problem. Infection with L. monocytogenes can cause rapid death of Kupffer cell (KCs) in liver tissue and liver damage. American ginseng saponins is a natural compound in plants, which has great potential in inhibiting L. monocytogenes infection. Therefore, American ginseng stem-leaf saponins (AGS) and American ginseng heat-transformed saponins (HTS) were used as raw materials to study their bacteriostatic experiments in vivo and in vitro. In this experiment, female Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, negative group, AGS group, HTS group (10 mg/kg/day in an equal volume via gastric administration) and penicillin group, each group containing six mice. Profiles AGS and HTS components were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The bacteriostatic effect of AGS and HTS on L. monocytogenes was evaluated by inhibition zone test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The bacteriostatic effect of AGS and HTS pretreatment on mice infected with L. monocytogenes were studies by animal experimental. The results showed that the content of polar saponins in AGS was 0.81 ± 0.003 mg/mg, less polar saponins was 0.08 ± 0.02 mg/mg, the content of polar saponins in HTS was 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/mg, less polar saponins was 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mg. The in vitro bacteriostatic diameter of HTS (16.6 ± 0.8 mm) is large than that of AGS (10.2 ± 1.2 mm). AGS and HTS pretreatment could reduce the colony numbers in the livers of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the livers of mice in the pretreatment group were significantly lower than those in the negative group. There were obvious leukoplakia, calcification and other liver damage on the liver surface in the negative control group, and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in HE sections. AGS and HTS pretreatment can reduce liver injury caused by L. monocytogenes and protect the liver. Compared with AGS, HTS has higher content of less polar saponins and better bacteriostatic effect in vitro. The count of bacterial in liver tissue of HTS group was significantly lower, the survival rate was significantly higher than that of AGS group. Less polar saponins had better bacteriostatic effect. Collectively, less polar saponins pretreatment has a protective effect on mice infected with L. monocytogenes, to which alleviated liver damage, improved anti-inflammatory ability and immunity of the body, protected liver may contribute.

L. monocytogenes is a widespread facultative intracellular pathogen. The range of natural hosts that supporting L. monocytogenes persistence in the environment has not been fully established yet. In this study, we were interested in the potential of L. monocytogenes to infect cells of bats, which are being increasingly recognized as a reservoir for microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans and domestic animals. A stable epithelial cell line was developed from the kidneys of Pipistrellus nathusii, a small bat widely distributed across Europe. The wild-type L. monocytogenes strain EGDe infected this cell line with an invasion efficiency of 0.0078 &plusmn, 0.0009%. Once it entered bat cells, L. monocytogenes doubled within about 70 minutes. When L. monocytogenes lacked either of the major invasion factors, InlA and InlB, invasion efficiency decreased by a factor of 10 and 25 respectively (p &lt, 0.000001). The obtained results suggest that bat epithelial cells are susceptible to L. monocytogenes infection and that L. monocytogenes invasion of bat cells depends on the major invasion factors InlA and InlB. These results constitute the first report on in vitro studies of L. monocytogenes infection in bats.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes serious, often deadly, systemic disease in susceptible individuals such as neonates and the elderly. These facultative intracellular bacteria have been an invaluable tool in immunology research for more than three decades. Intravenous (i.v.) injection is the most commonly used transmission route in mice, but oral models of infection have also been developed in recent years, and these may be more appropriate for many studies. This article includes detailed instructions for use of either foodborne or i.v. inoculation of mice and discusses the rationale for choosing either model. Additionally, a protocol is provided for enrichment of neutrophils and monocytes from the infected liver in a manner that allows for determination of bacterial burden while still providing sufficient cells for use in flow cytometric analysis or in vitro assays. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Foodborne L. monocytogenes infection Support Protocol 1: Preparing L. monocytogenes for foodborne infection Basic Protocol 2: Intravenous L. monocytogenes infection Support Protocol 2: Preparing L. monocytogenes for intravenous infection Basic Protocol 3: Enrichment of non-parenchymal cells from the infected liver.

The purpose of this report is to present an extremely rare case of endogenous Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis. A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis. Listeria mon...

Background: Congenital CMV infection is the most prevalent congenital infection in the world, and perinatal Listeria infection is an important cause of neonatal sepsis. The identification of these two infections is hard. The PCR technique is a sensitive method, which is not simply available in Iran. Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence of CMV and Listeria in 100 urine samples from under 21-day-old neonates with positive risk factors by PCR electrophoresis and fluorescent end-point detection (FEP) PCR in Tehran referral hospitals. Methods: We used 100 urine samples from neonates admitted to 11 medical centers in Tehran with positive selected clinical symptoms compatible with these infections. Electrophoresis and FEP PCR for CMV and Listeria were performed on all urine samples. For the data analysis, SPSS version 21 software was used, and p values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: We collected 100 urine samples from 100 under 21-day-old neonates, referring to Tehran hospitals. Seven cases were positive for Listeria, and 58 cases were positive for CMV by electrophoresis and FEP PCR. Respiratory distress was the most common clinical finding in both groups. The Mc-Nemar test revealed a statistical agreement between calcification and CMV and meningitis and Listeria (P = 0.18 and 0.07, respectively). There was a positive relationship between the neonates’ age and CMV-positive condition (P = 0.001). This result was not significant among Listeria-positive cases. Conclusions: Screening for CMV and Listeria infections in neonates with clinical features compatible with these intrauterine infections may give important information for their treatment and follow-up.

Aim. Using the model of intragastric Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant mice to compare an input of found in nature variants of the invasion factor InlB in perinatal listeriosis. Materials and methods. Mice on 12-16 days of pregnancy were injected intragastrically with 10 8 CFU of isogenic recombinant L. monocytogenes strains EGDeAinlB::InlB9 and EGDeAinlB:: InlB14. The strains expressed naturally occurring InlB variants, InlB9 and InlB14. In 72 h, mice were subjected to euthanasia to evaluate bacterial loads in the internal organs. Results. Only the strain, which expressed InlB14, caused perinatal infection. Microbial loads in the liver, spleen and Peyer’s patches was 715, 315 and 70 times higher for this strain than for the strain EGDeAinlB:: InlB9 (p

An 81-year-old patient presented to the emergency room 5 years after infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair, with a Type Ia endoleak and a presumable infection of the graft material with Listeria monocytogenes. He was treated with a custom-made fenestrated endograft to seal the endoleak and lifelong antibiotic therapy to suppress the infection. Full explantation of graft material is not always preferable, and endovascular treatment combined with antibiotic suppressive therapy is in some cases an appropriate alternative.

Murine NK cell Ly49 receptors, functionally analogous to KIRs in humans recognize MHC class I molecules and play a key role in controlling NK cell function. We have previously shown that the paired activating Ly49s4 and inhibitory Ly49i4 receptors recognize undefined non-classical MHC-Ib ligands from the RT1-CE region in rats. Here, the RT1-CE16 gene of the RT1dhaplotype was stably transfected into the mouse RAW macrophage cell line, termed RAW-CE16dcells. Combining RAW-CE16dcells with Ly49 expressing reporter cells demonstrated Ly49i4 and Ly49s4 specificity for CE16d. The Ly49s4/i4:CE16dinteraction was confirmed by specific MHC-I blocking monoclonal Abs. Further, we used our in vitro model to study the effect of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) on CE16dafter infection. LM infection and IFN-γ stimulation both led to enhanced CE16dexpression on the surface of transfected RAW-CE16dcells. Interestingly, the reporter cells displayed increased response to LM-infected RAW-CE16dcells compared with IFN-γ-treated RAW-CE16dcells, suggesting a fundamental difference between these stimuli in supporting enhanced Ly49 recognition of CE16d. Collectively, our data show that Ly49s4 and Ly49i4 recognize the non-classical RT1-CE16dmolecule, which in turn is up-regulated during LM infection and thereby may contribute to NK-mediated responses against infected cells.

Summary: We recently found that a unique subset of innate-like γδ T cells develops from the DN2a stage of the fetal thymus independently of the zinc-finger transcription factor B cell leukemia/lymphoma 11b (Bcl11b). Herein, we characterize these Bcl11b-independent γδ T cells in the periphery as CD5−NK1.1+ and Granzyme B+, and we show that they are capable of producing interferon (IFN)-γ upon T cell receptor stimulation without Ca2+ influx. In wild-type mice, these cells were sparse in lymphoid tissues but abundant in non-lymphoid tissues, such as the liver. Bcl11b-independent CD5−NK1.1+ γδ T cells appeared and contributed to early protection before Bcl11b-dependent CD5+NK1.1− γδ T cells following Listeria monocytogenes infection, resembling their sequential appearance during development in the thymus. : Bcl11b is essential for transition from the DN2a to the DN2b stage in the thymus. Hatano et al. find that CD5−NK1.1+ γδ T cells develop from the DN2a stage in a Bcl11b-independent manner and participate in host defense at an early stage after bacterial infection in periphery. Keywords: innate immunity, γδ T cell, Bcl11b, DN2a, IFN-γ, Granzyme, IL-17A, host defense, bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes

The foodborne pathogenic bacterial species Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) has caused incalculable damages to public health, and its successful infection requires various virulence factors, including Listeriolysin O (LLO). By forming pores in phagosomal membranes and even in some organelles, LLO plays an indispensable role in the ability of L. monocytogenes to escape from host immune attacks. Because of its critical role, LLO offers an appropriate therapeutic target against L. monocytogenes infection. Here, lutein, a natural small molecule existing widely in fruits and vegetables, is demonstrated as an effective inhibitor of LLO that works by blocking its oligomerization during invasion without showing significant bacteriostatic activity. Further assays applying lutein in cell culture models of invasion and in animal models showed that lutein could effectively inhibit L. monocytogenes infection. Overall, our results indicate that lutein may represent a promising and novel therapeutic agent against L. monocytogenes infection.

Listeria monocytogenes, primarily a foodborne pathogen, is commonly responsible for disorders affecting the central nervous system and cranial nerves. We hereby present the first case to our knowledge of listeriosis linked to a peripheral neurological disorder causing acute upper limb weakness. Keywords: Meningoencephalitis, Listeria monocytogenes, Polyradiculoneuritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome

Enterokoke pripadaju grupi mleĉnokiselinskih bakterija koje su široko rasprostranjene u prirodi. Predominantno se nalaze u gastrointestinalnom traktu životinja, od insekata do ĉoveka i preko fecesa se oslobaĊaju u spoljašnju sredinu, nakon ĉega naseljavaju razliĉita staništa. Imaju kontroverzni status zbog uloge u bolniĉkim infekcijama i širenja gena odgovornih za rezistenciju na antibiotike. S druge strane, neki sojevi se koriste kao probiotici za životinje i ĉoveka, kao i starter kulture u mlekarskoj industriji. Da bi se enterokoke koristile kao probiotici neophodno je da budu bezbedne za korišćenje, da nemaju hemolitiĉku i želatinoznu aktivnost i da nisu otporne na antibiotike. Enterokoke sintetišu antimikrobne proteine, bakteriocine, i na taj naĉin regulišu brojnost drugih bakterija i modulišu odgovor domaćina na infekciju. One mogu da sintetišu i biomolekule koji interaguju sa ćelijama domaćina i na taj naĉin mogu da menjaju razliĉite signalne puteve unutar ćelija domaćina. Biomolekuli sintetisani od strane probiotiĉkih enterokoka nazivaju se postbiotici. Primena postbiotika predstavlja bezbednu alternativu korišćenja enterokoka u biomedicini. Ova doktorska disertacija imala ja za cilj da ispita probiotiĉka i imunomodulatorna svojstva prirodnih sojeva enterokoka izolovanih iz fermentisanih mleĉnih proizvoda sa podruĉja Zapadnog Balkana. Definisana su tri cilja: 1. da se pronaĊu sojevi bezbedni za korišćenje u biomedicini; 2. da se ispitaju probiotiĉke karakteristike tih sojeva u modelima in vitro; i 3. da se ispita imunomodulatorni efekat odabranog soja u modelima in vitro i in vivo. U cilju ispitivanja bezbedne upotrebe enterokoka kao probiotika testirano je ukupno 75 sojeva iz fermentisanih mleĉnih proizvoda koje pripadaju vrstama: Enterococcus durans (50 sojeva), Enterococcus faecium (15 sojeva), Enterococcus faecalis (6 sojeva), Enterococcus italicus (3 soja) i Enterococcus hirae (1 soj). Hemolitiĉku aktivnost pokazalo je 18,7% (14/75), dok je želatinaznu aktivnost imalo 6,7% (5/75) testiranih sojeva. Na osnovu rezultata testa mikrodilucije pokazana je visoka uĉestalost rezistencije na ciprofloksacin 48,2% (27/56), dok su u manjoj meri testirani sojevi rezistentni na gentamicin 10,7% (6/56). Na osnovu rezultata sposobnosti formiranja biofilma u primenjenim uslovima, devet sojeva nema sposobnost formiranja biofilma, 11 sojeva ima mogućnost formiranja slabog biofilma, BGGO9-28 ima sposobnost formiranja jakog biofilma, dok sojevi BGTRK4-42 i BGZLM1-5 pokazuju veoma jaku sposobnost formiranja... are predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, from insects to humans and through faeces they are released into the environment, where they colonize different habitats. They have a controversial status according to the role as causative agents of hospital infections and the spread of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance. In contrary, some strains have been used used as probiotics for animals and humans, as well as a starter cultures in the dairy industry. In order to use enterococci as probiotics, it is necessary to determine their safety, i.e. absence of hemolytic and gelatinase activity and susceptiblity to clinicaly relevant antibiotics. Enterococci synthesize antimicrobial proteins, bacteriocins, by which way they regulate the number of other bacteria and modulate the host response to the infection. They can also synthesize biomolecules that interact with the host cells, and change the different signalling pathways within host cells. Biomolecules synthesized by probiotic enterococci are called postbiotics. The use of postbiotic represents a safety alternative to the enterococci application in biomedicine. The aim of this dissertation was examination of probiotic and immunomodulatory characteristics of enterococci isolated from fermented dairy products from the Western Balkans countries. Three objectives were defined: 1. to find strains safe for use in biomedicine; 2. to examine the probiotic characteristics on in vitro models, and 3. to examine the immunomodulatory effect of the selected strain on in vitro and in vivo models. In order to analyse the safe use of enterococci as a probiotics, a total of 75 isolates from fermented dairy products were tested: Enterococcus durans (50 isolates), En. faecium (15 isolates), En. faecalis (6 isolates), En. italicus (3 isolates) and En. hirae (1 isolate). 18.7% (14/75) strains showed hemolytic activity, while 6.7% (5/75) had gelatinase activity. Based on the results of the microdilution test, 48.2% (27/56) of strains were ciprofloxacin resistance, while 10.7% (6/56) strains were resistant to gentamicin. According to the analysis of selected enterococci genomes, high incidence of adhesin encoding genes could be noticed. It was found that 30.4% of strains have three genes encoding different virulence factors, 21.7% of strains having two or four genes, 17.4% having five genes, and 4.3% of studied enterococci containing 6 or 7 genes which encode virulence factors, while the presence or absence of gene within the fsr operon varies from the analyzed strains...

To develop an exposure and risk assessment model to estimate listeriosis infection risks for Peruvian women.A simulation model was developed utilising Listeria monocytogenes concentrations on kitchen and latrine surfaces in Peruvian homes, hand trace data from Peruvian women and behavioural data from literature. Scenarios involving varying proportions of uncontaminated, or 'clean', surfaces and non-porous surfaces were simulated. Infection risks were estimated for 4, 6 and 8 h of behaviours and interactions with surfaces.Although infection risks were estimated across scenarios for various time points (e.g. 4, 6, 8 h), overall mean estimated infection risks for all scenarios were ≥ 0.31. Infection risks increased as the proportions of clean surfaces decreased. Hand-to-general surface contacts accounted for the most cumulative change in L. monocytogenes concentration on hands.In addition to gaining insights on how human behaviours affect exposure and infection risk, this model addressed uncertainties regarding the influence of household surface contamination levels. Understanding the influence of surface contamination in preventing pathogen transmission in households could help to develop intervention strategies to reduce L. monocytogenes infection and associated health risks.Développer un modèle d'exposition et d’évaluation des risques pour estimer les risques d'infection par la listériose chez les femmes péruviennes. MÉTHODES: Un modèle de simulation a été développé en utilisant des concentrations de Listeria monocytogenes sur la surface des cuisines et des latrines dans des foyers péruviens, des données de traces de mains de femmes péruviennes et des données comportementales de la littérature. Des scénarios impliquant différentes proportions de surfaces non contaminées ou «propres» et de surfaces non poreuses ont été simulés. Les risques d'infection ont été estimés pour 4, 6 et 8 heures de comportements et d'interactions avec les surfaces. RÉSULTATS: Bien que les risques d'infection aient été estimés pour tous les scénarios à différents moments (par ex. à 4, 6 ou 8 heures), les risques d'infection globaux moyens estimés pour tous les scénarios étaient ≥ 0,31. Les risques d'infection augmentaient à mesure que les proportions de surfaces propres diminuaient. Les contacts entre la main et les surfaces générales contribuent pour le plus de changement cumulatif de la concentration de L. monocytogenes sur les mains.En plus de comprendre comment les comportements humains affectent l'exposition et le risque d'infection, ce modèle a traité des incertitudes quant à l'influence des niveaux de contamination des surfaces ménagers. Comprendre l'influence de la contamination de surface dans la prévention de la transmission d'agents pathogènes dans les ménages pourrait aider à développer des stratégies d'intervention pour réduire l'infection à L. monocytogenes et les risques associés pour la santé.

peer-reviewed Background A westernized diet comprising a high caloric intake from animal fats is known to influence the development of pathological inflammatory conditions. However, there has been relatively little focus upon the implications of such diets for the progression of infectious disease. Here, we investigated the influence of a high-fat (HF) diet upon parameters that influence Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. Results We determined that short-term administration of a HF diet increases the number of goblet cells, a known binding site for the pathogen, in the gut and also induces profound changes to the microbiota and promotes a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile in the host. Host physiological changes were concordant with significantly increased susceptibility to oral L. monocytogenes infection in mice fed a HF diet relative to low fat (LF)- or chow-fed animals. Prior to Listeria infection, short-term consumption of HF diet elevated levels of Firmicutes including Coprococcus, Butyricicoccus, Turicibacter and Clostridium XIVa species. During active infection with L. monocytogenes, microbiota changes were further exaggerated but host inflammatory responses were significantly downregulated relative to Listeria-infected LF- or chow-fed groups, suggestive of a profound tempering of the host response influenced by infection in the context of a HF diet. The effects of diet were seen beyond the gut, as a HF diet also increased the sensitivity of mice to systemic infection and altered gene expression profiles in the liver. Conclusions We adopted a systems approach to identify the effects of HF diet upon L. monocytogenes infection through analysis of host responses and microbiota changes (both pre- and post-infection). Overall, the results indicate that short-term consumption of a westernized diet has the capacity to significantly alter host susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection concomitant with changes to the host physiological landscape. The findings suggest that diet should be a consideration when developing models that reflect human infectious disease. This research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 641984, through funding of the List_MAPS consortium. We also acknowledge funding and support from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) in the form of a center grant (APC Microbiome Ireland grant SFI/12/RC/2273).

Cytopiloyne (CP), a novel polyacetylene compound extracted from B. pilosa, shows a multi-bioactivity, including immunomodulatory and antidiabetes. Here, we investigated the anti-Listeria effect of cytopiloyne in mice by assessing mortality, clearance of L. monocytogenes, and pathology examination. The data presented herein are supplemental to our research article entitled “Cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, acts as a novel anticandidial agent via regulation of macrophages” [1].

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in a variety of consumer products. Cellular exposure to TiO2 NPs results in complex effects on cell physiology that could impact biological systems. We investigated the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in intestinal epithelial cells pre-treated with either a low or high (1 and 20 &micro, g/cm2) dose of TiO2 NPs. Our results indicate that the pre-treated cells with a low dose became more permissive to listeria infection, indeed, both adhesion and invasion were significantly increased compared to control. Increased invasion seems to be correlated to cytoskeletal alterations induced by nanoparticles, and higher bacterial survival might be due to the high levels of listeriolysin O that protects L. monocytogenes from reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potential risk of increased susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection related to long-term intake of nanosized TiO2 at low doses should be considered.

To investigate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of mice after Listeria monocytogenes infection for further study on the mechanism of L. monocytogenes crossing the BBB, a mouse model was established and Evans blue assay was performed to assess the BBB disruption. Using relative quantitative real-time PCR, the RNA expression of Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5 were detected. In addition, the protein expression level of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5 were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The extravasation of Evans blue dye was significantly different between 24 h and 96 h (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of occludin and claudin-5 were down-regulated than that of the control group at each sampling point (P < 0.05) and ZO-1 showed a significant change at 96 h (P < 0.05). In addition, the protein expression level of occludin and claudin-5 decreased significantly at 48 h and 96 h (P < 0.05) by immunohistochemistry and western blot, compared with the control, while ZO-1 was almost unchanged (P > 0.05). All results indicating that the tight junction integrity of endothelial cells was destroyed and BBB permeability was enhanced in the process of L. monocytogenes infection, and this change was related to the decrease of the expression occludin and claudin-5.

Regulation of Th17 and Th1 cell responses against intracellular pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes (L. m), is critical to limit inflammation-induced tissue damage. We recently demonstrated the ability of P. UF1 bacterium derived from the intestinal bacterial commensals of preterm infants fed human breast milk to significantly mitigate pathogen-induced inflammation limiting colonic tissue damage. Here we further elucidated the potential of P. UF1 to also regulate innate and T cells, particularly Th17 and Th1 cells, against systemic L. m infection. Data demonstrate that P. UF1 not only robustly regulated protective Th17 and Th1 cells, but also sustained regulatory T cells (Treg cells) resulting in accelerated L. m clearance. Together, regulation of pathogenic inflammation by a novel probiotic bacterium such as P. UF1 may illuminate a new strategy to specifically control Th17-Th1 cells via IL-10+ Treg cells to limit systemic tissue damage induced by intracellular pathogens, including L. m.

Listeria monocytogenes can cause invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. We have retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, treatment and evolution of the cases of listeriosis registered at our center during a long period of 14 years. Listeria monocytogenes infection is potentially serious with high mortality. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and early directed antibiotic treatment are needed, especially for immunocompromised patients.