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Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-therapy is increasingly being evaluated in clinical trials. Dermal delivery is not only time consuming but also unreliable, potentially hampering the therapeutic result. Therefore, qualification of cell delivery protocols is essential. This study evaluated a clinically relevant automated multi-needle injection method for cutaneous MSC-therapy, allowing the skin to be readily and timely treated, by assessing both the cellular health post-ejection and dermal delivery.Following dispensation through the injector (31 G needles: 9- or 5-pin) the cellular health and potency (perceived- and long-term (12 h) viability, recovery, metabolism, adherence, proliferation and IDO1-expression) of adipose-derived stem cells (10-20-50 ×10No significant detrimental effect on the perceived cell viability, recovery, metabolism, adherence or IDO1-expression of either cell concentration was observed. However, the overall long-term viability and proliferation decreased significantly regardless of cell concentration, nonetheless marginally. An injection depth above 1.0 mm resulted in all needles piercing the skin with dermal delivery from up to 89% needles and minimal reflux to the skin surface, and the results were confirmed by ultrasound and histology.The automated injector is capable of delivering dermal cell-doses with an acceptable cell quality.

To select the optimum methods, such criteria like reservoir heterogeneity, reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature, crude oil type API (American Petroleum Institute), and brine salinity. EOR methods contained water flooding, chemical flooding, nanofluids injection, CO2 (carbon dioxide) injection, SAGD/WAG (Surfactant assisted gas drainage/water alternative gas injection), and hybrid injection. Multi-criteria decision-making methods of FTOPSIS (a fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and FAHP (fuzzy analytic hierarchy process) were used to select the optimum in the EOR method. The hybrid injection is considered the preferable oil recovery enhancement method in both FTOPSIS and FAHP methods. It has a normalized weight of 74% and 23% for FTOPSIS and FAHP, respectively. In the FTOPSIS method, SAGD/WAG and CO2 methods are the second and third preferred enhanced oil recovery methods with the normalized weight of 65% and 56%, respectively. In the FAHP method, CO2 and SAGD/WAG methods are the second and third preferred enhanced oil recovery methods with the normalized weight of 19% and 14%.

Tight reservoirs are considered one of the unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs with low permeability and porosity, directly affecting the oil production rate rather than conventional reservoirs. Thereby, optimum enhanced oil recovery methods would help petroleum industries produce more oil volumes from these reservoirs. In this study, different chemical and thermal enhanced oil recoveries methods such as surfactant alternating gas (SAG), water alternating gas (WAG), surfactant and foam flooding, and carbon dioxide (continuous and cyclic) were experimentally investigated to measure oil recovery factor. According to the results of this study, 3.5% of surfactant concentration, 0.15 PV of surfactant slug size, and 0.75 PV was selected as the total surfactant injection volume was selected as the optimum concentration for the injectivity performances. SAG scenario provided the highest oil recovery factor among all injectivity scenarios. It is about 54% that indicated the best efficiency of enhanced oil recovery methods in tight reservoirs rather than conventional recovery methods. The second highest oil recovery factor is dedicated to the WAG injectivity scenario regarding the feasibility of CO2 phase through porous media. It is about 46%. Moreover, due to the -gas phase in WAG and SAG, water cut had fluctuated as the water and gas had been alternatively injected into the core samples.

Porosity estimation is one of the essential issues in petroleum industries to distinguish the reservoir characteristics properly. Therefore, it is of importance to predict porosity with the optimum way to reduce the logging tests. In this study, artificial neural network and fuzzy logics are considered efficient techniques to predict the Asmari formation’s porosity. The results of porosity estimation by intelligent neuro-phase method showed the ability of this method to estimate in complex conditions in Mansouri oilfield. Preparing data before training the neural network increases the power of the network in recognizing the appropriate pattern. In estimating the porosity in the Asmari reservoir of Mansouri field, gamma, acoustic, neutron and density and diameter measurements have a more influential role. Selecting the appropriate architecture for the neuro-phase network is effective in achieving more accurate results. This architecture includes selecting the type and number of membership functions for the inputs and the training algorithm with the appropriate number of iteration steps. The best estimation results by assigning four Gaussian membership functions to gamma image data, two Gaussian membership functions to each of the audio and neutron data, and three Gaussian membership functions to density image data and creating 40 laws in the data space. Inputs were obtained using a hybrid training algorithm. The average error of estimating porosity by the neuro-phase method in well C of Mansouri field is 1.28% in the validation data set, representing a correlation coefficient of 92.5% between the porosity extracted from the fuzzy neuro-fuzzy network and the porosity of the core.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of public awareness on the importance of the coral reefspreservation in Biak Numfor, Province Papua, Indonesia. The study employed descriptive qualitativeresearch method. Data collection techniques were using questionnaires and interviews as well as documents.The result of this study showed that the level of public awareness on the coral reefs preservation as follows:(1) in the district of Oridek with a population of 4,665 people, there are 52% aware of the necessity toregulate the management of marine resources corals; (2) in district Amaindo (population of 2,209 people)the level of awareness was high with a total 18% concern that the need for regulation management ofmarine resources and Padaido counties with a population of 1,707 inhabitants that have high levels ofawareness about the need to regulate the management of marine resource utilization by 15%, as well as indistricts Biak East with a population of 6,698 inhabitants that has a level of consciousness should be settingthe management of marine resources especially coral reefs by 15%. In terms of public knowledge about thethings that destroy coral reefs for Aimando region has the highest percentage, namely 50% of people already know all that can damage coral reefs. While at the district level Aimando people to things that can damage coral reefs by 21%, then the district Padaido is about 16%, in East Biak district-level people’s knowledge cause damage to coral reefs by 13%. Oridek people in the region have a high level of awareness. WithCoremap program impacts most notably the increased well-being of coastal communities. In order to maintain balance and preservation of coral reefs need to pass a law governing regulation. Core map existence needs to be continued in order to preserve the existence of coral reef ecosystems to sustain life aquatic biot (14) (PDF) Assessing public awareness level on the preservation of coral reefs (The case study in Biak Numfor, Papua, Indonesia). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343738240_Assessing_public_awareness_level_on_the_preservation_of_coral_reefs_The_case_study_in_Biak_Numfor_Papua_Indonesia [accessed Sep 21 2022].

This research generally aims to improve the welfare of fishing communities through the institutional strengthening of fishermen's cooperatives, as one of the breakthroughs in fulfilling capital needs to increase income, which ultimately can break the cycle of poverty. The model for institutional strengthening of fishermen's cooperatives is directed at revitalizing the organizations and businesses of existing fishermen's cooperatives. The coastal community of the city of Semarang became the respondents in this study. Primary data collection was carried out using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and SWOT matrix. Obtaining non-economic benefits due to the unification of individuals into groups. Thus, the fisherman's decision to join a cooperative is a strategic decision and is relevant to strengthening bargaining power in the input and output markets, as well as strengthening the power of cooperation in establishing partnerships with other external parties. In this way, efficiency will be achieved and an increase in bargaining power will lead to an increase in prices in the output market and a decrease in prices in the input market. 2. Obtaining external economies, namely increasing productivity because the opportunities for partnership or cooperation with various external parties are increasingly open. 3. Obtaining non-economic benefits due to the unification of individuals into groups. Thus, the fisherman's decision to join a cooperative is a strategic decision and is relevant to strengthening bargaining power in the input and output markets, as well as strengthening the power of cooperation in establishing partnerships with other external parties. Obtaining non-economic benefits due to the incorporation of individuals into groups. Thus, the fisherman's decision to join a cooperative is a strategic decision and is relevant to strengthening bargaining power in the input and output markets, as well as strengthening the power of cooperation in establishing partnerships with other external parties. Obtaining non-economic benefits due to the incorporation of individuals into groups. Thus, the fisherman's decision to join a cooperative is a strategic decision and is relevant to strengthening bargaining power in the input and output markets, as well as strengthening the power of cooperation in establishing partnerships with other external parties.

REVIEW ARTIKEL KEWIRAUSAHAAN

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Tingkat Kesadaran Masyarakat Pesisir Terhadap pemeliharaan Terumbu Karang

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Local Wisdom

Pemanfaatan lahan saat ini merupakan suatu hal penting untuk direncanakan baik itu di perkotaan maupun di wilayah pedesaan. Dalam pengembangan wilayah, perlu terlebih dahulu dilakukan perencanaan lahan yang dapat memberikan keuntungan ekonomi wilayah. Disaat lahan yang dikelola sesuai dengan pemanfaatannya maka akan mendatangkan keuntungan bagi daerah itu sendiri.