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The goal of this study was to identify the model that best match with the work ethics of public elementary school teachers as estimated by charismatic leadership, supervisory relationship and reciprocity beliefs of school heads in Region XI, Philippines. Conducted from June 2021 to November 2022 using a correlation approach and path analysis, which study employed a quantitative, non-experimental research design. A stratified sampling approach was used to determine the 432 teachers of public elementary schools. Statistics methods employed included mean, Pearson r, and path analysis. Moreover, adapted survey questionnaires were used. The result reveals that the levels of charismatic leadership, supervisory relationship and reciprocity beliefs of schools and work ethics of teachers were very high. Further, when each independent variable correlates with work ethics of teachers, results showed that charismatic leadership was significantly correlated with work ethics. There was also a significant relationship between supervisory relationship and work ethics as well as between reciprocity beliefs and work ethics. Model 3 came out as the best fit model that predicts work ethics. The model showed that charismatic leadership and reciprocity beliefs predicts work ethics among public school teachers. Article visualizations

The phylogeography of the holoplanktonic chaetognath Flaccisagitta enflata was investigated in the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA). Considering the cosmopolitan range of this species and the fact that its entire life cycle is planktonic, the central hypothesis of this study is that F. enflata exhibits connectivity due to its high dispersal capacity, forming a panmictic population among the study sites. The evaluated areas included neritic (Port of Recife-PR, and Tamandare - TA) and oceanic (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago-FN, Rocas Atoll-RA, Guara seamount-GS and Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago-SPSPA) locations of the Brazilian Blue Amazon. We used COI gene sequences as molecular marker. Partial sequences (425 bp) were obtained for 116 specimens and employed to reconstruct the phylogeny, build an haplotype network, evaluate gene flow through a migration model, and estimate diversity indices, population structuring and demographic history. High levels of haplotype diversity (mean: 0.98) and moderate to high levels of nucleotide diversity (mean: 0.023) were observed. The phylogeny and the haplotype network topologies showed some geographic clustering, indicating local structuring in GS and PR. This finding was supported by the AMOVA high global phi st (0.033, significant) and some pairwise phi st comparisons (7 out of 15 were significantly > 0). Significant differences suggested lower levels of connectivity when GS population was compared to those of FN and SPSPA; as well as when TA was compared to FN. These results might be related to particularities of the oceanic dynamics which rules the TWA, sustaining such dissimilarities. Structuring was also observed between PR and all oceanic locations. We hypothesize that the topography of the port inlet, enclosured by a reef barrier, may constrain the water turnover ratio and thus migration rates of F. enflata in the TWA. Accordingly, Migrate-N yielded a four metapopulations model (PR (sic) TA (sic) SPSPA+FN (sic) GS+RA) as the best (highest probability; similar to 0.90) to represent the structuring of F. enflata in the TWA. Therefore, the null hypothesis of one randomly mating population cannot be accepted. The demographic evaluation demonstrated that the neutral hypothesis of stable populations may not be rejected for most of the locations. This work is the start point to broaden the knowledge on the phylogeography and population genetic structure of a numerically dominant species in the Western Atlantic, with key role in the marine trophic web.

Background: The high academic burden may hamper the quality of life of medical students. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for medical students attending a Chilean university. Material and Methods: Four hundred eleven medical students aged 22 ± 2 years (51% women), studying in Santiago, Chile, answered online a validated Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life survey (scored from 0 to 100). Overall scores were assessed for the questionnaire domains Physical health, Psychological health, Interpersonal relationships, and Environment. Results: The global scores were 65.1 for Physical health, 63.1 for Psychological health, 61.3 for Interpersonal relationships and 67.2 for Environment. Students in clinical practice, females, those with sedentary behaviors and consuming modafinil had lower Physical health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, with sedentary behaviors and who consumed modafinil had poorer Psychological health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, males and those with sedentary behaviors had Lower Interpersonal relationship scores. Environment scores were also lower among students who were sedentary or from outside Santiago. Conclusions: The variables that had a greater negative impact in the quality of life of these students were the transition from theoretical courses to clinical practice, being from outside Santiago, being overweight or obese and consuming modafinil. Students that were physically active had better quality of life scores.

Background: The high academic burden may hamper the quality of life of medical students. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for medical students attending a Chilean university. Material and Methods: Four hundred eleven medical students aged 22 ± 2 years (51% women), studying in Santiago, Chile, answered online a validated Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life survey (scored from 0 to 100). Overall scores were assessed for the questionnaire domains Physical health, Psychological health, Interpersonal relationships, and Environment. Results: The global scores were 65.1 for Physical health, 63.1 for Psychological health, 61.3 for Interpersonal relationships and 67.2 for Environment. Students in clinical practice, females, those with sedentary behaviors and consuming modafinil had lower Physical health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, with sedentary behaviors and who consumed modafinil had poorer Psychological health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, males and those with sedentary behaviors had Lower Interpersonal relationship scores. Environment scores were also lower among students who were sedentary or from outside Santiago. Conclusions: The variables that had a greater negative impact in the quality of life of these students were the transition from theoretical courses to clinical practice, being from outside Santiago, being overweight or obese and consuming modafinil. Students that were physically active had better quality of life scores.

The high academic burden may hamper the quality of life of medical students.To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for medical students attending a Chilean university.Four hundred eleven medical students aged 22 ± 2 years (51% women), studying in Santiago, Chile, answered online a validated Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life survey (scored from 0 to 100). Overall scores were assessed for the questionnaire domains Physical health, Psychological health, Interpersonal relationships, and Environment.The global scores were 65.1 for Physical health, 63.1 for Psychological health, 61.3 for Interpersonal relationships and 67.2 for Environment. Students in clinical practice, females, those with sedentary behaviors and consuming modafinil had lower Physical health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, with sedentary behaviors and who consumed modafinil had poorer Psychological health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, males and those with sedentary behaviors had Lower Interpersonal relationship scores. Environment scores were also lower among students who were sedentary or from outside Santiago.The variables that had a greater negative impact in the quality of life of these students were the transition from theoretical courses to clinical practice, being from outside Santiago, being overweight or obese and consuming modafinil. Students that were physically active had better quality of life scores.

RESUMO Introdução: As convulsões afebris benignas associadas a gastroenterite aguda ligeira são crises convulsivas que ocorrem em apirexia, acompanhando quadros de gastroenterite aguda, sem desidratação ou distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos. Caso clínico: Descreve-se o caso de uma criança de 15 meses de idade com três episódios convulsivos associados a gastroenterite aguda ligeira. Clinicamente não apresentava febre nem sinais de desidratação. A investigação laboratorial não evidenciava distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos. A pesquisa do antigénio do rotavírus nas fezes foi positivo. A tomografia axial computorizada cerebral e o eletroencefalograma não revelaram alterações. Não foi iniciada qualquer terapêutica e a evolução foi favorável, com remissão espontânea das convulsões em menos de 24 horas e dos sintomas gastrointestinais em quatro dias. Não houve recorrência das convulsões e o desenvolvimento psicomotor posterior foi normal. Conclusão: Os autores pretendem realçar a importância do conhecimento desta entidade reconhecida recentemente, pelo seu carácter benigno, auto-limitado e com excelente prognóstico, evitando assim investigações exaustivas e terapêutica a longo prazo com antiepilépticos. ABSTRACT Introduction: Benign afebrile convulsions associated with mild acute gastroenteritis are seizures that occur in apyrexia, accompanying acute gastroenteritis without dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. Case report: We describe the case of a 15 months old child, with the occurrence of three seizures within a few hours associated with mild acute gastroenteritis, with no fever or clinical signs of dehydration. Laboratory tests revealed no hydroelectrolytic changes. Rotavirus antigen in stool was positive. EEG and brain CT showed no abnormalities. No specific treatment was started, and outcome was good, with no further seizures in less than 24 hours and improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in four days. There was no recurrence of seizures and subsequent psychomotor development was normal. Conclusion: The authors aim to highlight the importance of recognizing this entity and its benign nature, being self-limited and with an excellent outcome, avoiding an extensive investigations and long-term therapy with antiepilepyic drugs.

Background: The delay in the diagnosis of AIDS results in higher treatment costs. Aim: To reveal the experiences of people who were diagnosed in the AIDS stage about the access to the ELISA test. Material and Methods: In depth interviews were carried out to 15 participants from public hospitals who were in the AIDS stage at the moment of the diagnosis. The main questions asked were about the motivations to take the test, the barriers found and the help received from the health care personnel. All interviews were recorded and analyzed according to Kripperdorff. Results: The three categories that emerged were the motivations to take the test, the facilitators found and the difficulties to access to the test. The main motivation was a condition of vulnerability due to the suspicion or certainty of being infected. The main facilitator was the sensation of being accepted and not discriminated. The main difficulties were the fear of having a positive test and of being discriminated and the lack of information. Conclusions: Knowing these experiences will help to improve the early detection of HIV infections.

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus; Scielo. Background: The delay in the diagnosis of AIDS results in higher treatment costs. Aim: To reveal the experiences of people who were diagnosed in the AIDS stage about the access to the ELISA test. Material and Methods: In depth interviews were carried out to 15 participants from public hospitals who were in the AIDS stage at the moment of the diagnosis. The main questions asked were about the motivations to take the test, the barriers found and the help received from the health care personnel. All interviews were recorded and analyzed according to Kripperdorff. Results: The three categories that emerged were the motivations to take the test, the facilitators found and the difficulties to access to the test. The main motivation was a condition of vulnerability due to the suspicion or certainty of being infected. The main facilitator was the sensation of being accepted and not discriminated. The main difficulties were the fear of having a positive test and of being discriminated and the lack of information. Conclusions: Knowing these experiences will help to improve the early detection of HIV infections. http://ref.scielo.org/m53w8c

The delay in the diagnosis of AIDS results in higher treatment costs.To reveal the experiences of people who were diagnosed in the AIDS stage about the access to the ELISA test.In depth interviews were carried out to 15 participants from public hospitals who were in the AIDS stage at the moment of the diagnosis. The main questions asked were about the motivations to take the test, the barriers found and the help received from the health care personnel. All interviews were recorded and analyzed according to Kripperdorff.The three categories that emerged were the motivations to take the test, the facilitators found and the difficulties to access to the test. The main motivation was a condition of vulnerability due to the suspicion or certainty of being infected. The main facilitator was the sensation of being accepted and not discriminated. The main difficulties were the fear of having a positive test and of being discriminated and the lack of information.Knowing these experiences will help to improve the early detection of HIV infections.

Resumen: Introducción. La espondilitis anquilosante (EA) es la artropatía seronegativa más común y representativa. Se caracteriza por inflamación crónica del esqueleto axial, dolor referido a la columna vertebral de tipo inflamatorio y rigidez progresiva. Típicamente se manifiesta en pacientes jóvenes que inician su sintomatología entre los 20-30 años de edad y está ligada al antígeno leucocitario humano B-27 (HLA B-27). Las imágenes son fundamentales en el manejo de estos pacientes. Es deber del radiólogo reconocer los hallazgos imagenológicos presentes. Objetivos. Realizar una revisión pictográfica de hallazgos imagenológicos presentes en la columna vertebral de pacientes portadores de EA. Material y método. Análisis de las manifestaciones imagenológicas de columna más representativas de la EA en pacientes de nuestro centro en radiografía convencional, TC y RM, junto con posibles complicaciones y diagnósticos diferenciales. Abstract: Introduction. Ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) is the most common and representative of seronegative spondyloarthropathy. It is characterised by chronic inflammation of the axial skeleton, leading to chronic back pain and progressive stiffness. It typically occurs in young patients, with symptoms often appearing with peak onset between 20 and 30 years of age, and is strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen B-27 (HLA B-27). Current imaging techniques are central in the management of these patients. The recognition of its classic imaging findings and its complications is essential for radiologists. Objectives. To present a pictorial review of the spinal imaging findings in patients with AS. Methods and materials. An analysis will be made of the spinal imaging findings in conventional radiography, CT and MRI in multiple patients from our medical centre. The most representative findings, complications, differential diagnoses, and some radiological key points will be shown.

Resumen Introduccion La espondilitis anquilosante (EA) es la artropatia seronegativa mas comun y representativa. Se caracteriza por inflamacion cronica del esqueleto axial, dolor referido a la columna vertebral de tipo inflamatorio y rigidez progresiva. Tipicamente se manifiesta en pacientes jovenes que inician su sintomatologia entre los 20-30 anos de edad y esta ligada al antigeno leucocitario humano B-27 (HLA B-27). Las imagenes son fundamentales en el manejo de estos pacientes. Es deber del radiologo reconocer los hallazgos imagenologicos presentes. Objetivos Realizar una revision pictografica de hallazgos imagenologicos presentes en la columna vertebral de pacientes portadores de EA. Material y metodo Analisis de las manifestaciones imagenologicas de columna mas representativas de la EA en pacientes de nuestro centro en radiografia convencional, TC y RM, junto con posibles complicaciones y diagnosticos diferenciales.