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Copyright of Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi is the property of Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Arastirma Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Large numbers of radionuclides are produced when 1.4 GeV proton beam hits lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target. Separation of desired radionuclide from large amount of bulk components and other co-produced radionuclides is a challenging task. In this experiment, such a case has been simulated by irradiating a LBE target with low energy proton beam and spiked with nine radionuclides (56Co, 67 Ga, 90Nb, 149Gd, 157Dy, 172Lu, 182Re, 195mHg, 198Tl). The bulk Pb and bulk Bi were separated from irradiated LBE target matrix by different methods and the distribution pattern of these radionuclides were studied in the separated Pb and Bi fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ammonium salt-based Deep Eutectic Solvents are good extractants for textile dyes. • Characteristic functional groups in dyes can be targeted to enhance extraction. • The reuse of the cleaned water and of the extracted dye is possible. • Simulated effluents composed by industrial dyes are treated. Recovery of dyes present in liquid solutions was achieved with efficiencies higher than 99 %, using deep eutectic solvents composed of tetrabutylammonium chloride and decanoic acid. The method produces a totally decolorized water. Both the reuse of the clean water and of the extracted dye is plausible via this treatment, as the colorant can be recovered from the organic phase after the liquid–liquid extraction. The solvent is physically and chemically characterized, in a wide arrange of temperatures, and its behavior in liquid–liquid equilibria with water was also studied. The process works for a broad range of dye concentrations, and with a very low consumption of solvent (optimized volumetric ratio between organic and aqueous phases was 1/16). Optimized processing times set the duration of the treatment at 20 min, including the recovery of the dye from the extracted phase. The capabilities of the solvent were tested against synthetic effluents composed by industrial dyes and auxiliary agents that typically appear on dyeing processes, maintaining efficiencies above 99 %. The deep eutectic solvents also work equally well for extracting mixtures of dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a new analytical method for simultaneous determination of Metronidazole and Furazolidone by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The method is coupled to double salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) which facilitates the detection and quantification of Metronidazole and Furazolidone in different dosage forms by subsequent HPLC analysis. Extraction parameters such as solvent, pH and salt concentration are optimized and liquid liquid extraction showed efficiency up to 102% and 100% for Metronidazole and Furazolidone respectively in chloroform, at pH 3 and low salt concentration (0.5g KCl and 0.5 gNaNO3). The designed simultaneous analytical method is further validated and Metronidazole and Furazolidone showed linearity upto R²0.994 and 0.9936 respectively. LOD was 2.1µg/ml, 1.5µg/ml and LOQ was 21.1µg/ml, 15.2µg/ml for metronidazole benzoate and furazolidone. Precision of the method is 1.84% (RSD) and 1.72% (RSD) for Metronidazole and Furazolidine respectively. Moreover, accuracy is measured in terms of percent recovery which is more than 100% for both analytes under optimized conditions. Finally, robustness is evaluated by changing the flow rate and detection wavelength which is also obtained within permissible limit. This indicates that the proposed method is simple, efficient and shows excellent recoveries for simultaneous determination of Metronidazole and Furazolidone in different dosage forms and Industrial effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent organic pollutants, (POPs), are vast distributed compounds in environment which are recognized as one of the global pollution problems. These groups of materials being dangerous due to their high stability are accumulated in animal tissues and occurring in the food chain. One of the major paths through which persistent organic combinations access to human body is consuming polluted foods, particularly, fishes. Among aquatic animals, trout as one of the mostly consumed fishes in Tehran's food basket was studied. In this study, two categories of persistent organic pollutants: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including HCB, Dieldrin, Methoxychlor, α-, ϒ-Chlordane, α-, β-Endosulfan and o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'- DDT, p,p'-DDT and the second group Polychlonitated biphenyls (PCBs) including seven PCB congeners which are called indicator PCBs (IUPAC nos.: 28,52,101,118,138,153 and 180) were determined in trout by GC-MS/MS in MRM monitoring mode and LLE extraction. The average recoveries of OCPs and PCBs at five concentration levels (1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 ng/g for PCBs and 5 times for OCPs) were in the range of 73-112%. The relative standard deviations of POPs in fish were in the range of 1.4-17.9% for all of the concentration levels. The limit of detections (LODs) and the limit of quantitations (LOQs) were between 0.6-8.3 and 2-25 μg/kg, respectively. The results indicated the presence of organochlorine pesticides in trout and the levels of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were within the range of < LOQ -12.83 and < LOQ -10.2 ng/g ww (wet weight), respectively. According to the results, OCPs residues were lower than maximum residue levels set by European Council Directives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Interactions with functional groups from the dye can be used to tailor solvents. • Methyltrioctylammonium salts play a key role to decolorize textile effluents. • Sodium groups present in dyes correlate to affinity with DESs. • Use of carboxylic acids result in DESs with manageable physical properties. In light of the escalating environmental challenges posed by the huge generation of wastewater and residues from dyeing processes, addressing water scarcity concerns has become an urgent imperative. This study proposes a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution via liquid–liquid extraction to effectively eliminate dyes from industrial effluents, producing clean and reusable water resources. Methyltrioctylammonium (N 1888) based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) show remarkable capabilities as extracting agents. Combined with octanoic and decanoic acids, the bromide and chloride ammonium salts were used to prepare four solvents. They were physically characterized and tested before a wide variety of colorants and synthetic effluents, including real auxiliar agents used in the textile industry. Extraction percentages across all experiments showed an average of 98.39%, reaching a maximum of 99.96% efficiency for the extraction of Reactive Black 5 from aqueous solution, which shows the potential of these solvents to mitigate the environmental impact of dyeing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of omeprazole in human plasma. Lansoprazole was used as internal standard with plasma samples, extracted using 10mM ammonium acetate. A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with Acetonitrile: mobile phase buffer 70:30%v/v. The reconstructed samples were injected into a C18 column purospher star 5µ. The mobile phase was composed of ACN: mobile phase buffer (5mm ammonium bicarbonate buffer) in the ratio of 70:30%v/v with flow rate 1.0mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated using positive ion mode and turbo electro spray ionisation. Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer, curtain, collision and auxiliary gases. Using MS/MS with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode, omeprazole was detected without severe interferences from plasma matrix. Detection of omeprazole in human plasma was accurate and precision. This method has been successfully applied to the study of omeprazole in human specimens

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is the proposed material for use as converter targets in the ISOL facilities globally. In this paper, an LBE target was irradiated with 22 MeV proton beam for 7.6 h to produce 203,204,205,206Bi, 203Pb along with 207Po. Separation of bulk Pb and Bi has been carried out using Aliquat-336 (tricaprylmethylammonium chloride), TOA (trioctyl amine) and DOWEX-1 as extractants. Bi was selectively extracted to the organic/solid phase leaving Pb in aqueous medium. High separation factor between Pb and Bi was observed when 0.5 M TOA and 1 M HNO3 were used as organic and aqueous phase respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a new macrobicyclic ligand 3 with mixed donor atoms was synthesized starting from 27-membered macrocycle ligand 1 via the formation of novel N-pivot lariat ether 2. The characterization of the structures of new compounds 2 and 3 was realized by several spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV-Vis, and MS. Besides, the extraction ability of ligands 2 and 3 was investigated using liquid-liquid extraction. On considering the extraction, the highest efficiency was observed for Ag(I) ion by 95.3% and 96.9% to the dichloromethane and chloroform phase with macrobicyclic ligand 3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of the present study is the inter-laboratory evaluation of a thin film microextraction (TFME) technique to be used as an alternative approach to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) and PDMS/DVB-carbon mesh supported membranes were used for the extraction of 23 targeted pesticides, while a thermal desorption unit (TDU) was employed to transfer these analytes to a GC/MS instrument for separation and detection. After optimization of the most critical parameters, both membranes were capable of achieving limits of detection (LOD) in the low ng L-1 range while demonstrating excellent robustness, withstanding up to 100 extractions/desorption cycles. Furthermore, limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.025 and 0.50 μg L-1 were achieved for the 23 compounds selected from several classes of pesticides with a wide range of polarities. A wide linear range of 0.025-10.0 μg L-1 with strong correlation to response (R2 > 0.99) was attained for most of the studied analytes. Both membranes showed good accuracy and repeatability at three levels of concentration. Moreover, the method was also validated through blind split analyses of 18 surface water samples, collected within 3 months, using TFME at the University of Waterloo and LLE at Maxxam Analytics (Mississauga, ON) which is an accredited commercial analytical laboratory. Good agreement between the two methods was achieved with accuracy values ranging from 70 to 130%, for the majority of analytes in the samples collected. At the concentration levels investigated, 90% of the analytes were quantifiable by TFME, whereas only 53% of the compounds were reportable using the LLE method particularly at concentrations lower than 1 μg L-1. The comparison of TFME and LLE from several analytical aspects demonstrated that the novel TFME method gave similar accuracy to LLE, while providing additional advantages including higher sensitivity, lower sample volume, thus reduced waste production, and faster analytical throughput. Given the sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, accuracy, greenness and relatively fast procedure of TFME, it shows great potential for adoption in analytical laboratories as an alternative to LLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a widely used chemical raw material and chemical product with excellent performance. In this manuscript, based on electrostatic potential (ESP), reduced density gradient (RDG) function, non-bond interaction energy, radial distribution function (RDF), spatial distribution function (SDF) and self-diffusion coefficient, the separation of DMC / methanol (MeOH) by four deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was studied. The results of ESP analysis showed that the hydrogen bond receptor played a leading role in the separation process, and the urea in the four hydrogen bond donors was more likely to form a stable structure with MeOH. The weak interaction region between different DESs and azeotropes was studied by RDG function. Based on the non-bond interaction energy, it can be seen that Cl− can form a very strong interaction with MeOH, and Electrostatic energy (E elec) plays a leading role in the separation process. The charge density around the central atom can be observed by RDF and SDF, so as to determine the interaction between azeotrope and DESs. The diffusion rate of azeotrope in different DESs was studied by self-diffusion coefficient. The results showed that MeOH moved the slowest in the DES composed of urea and choline chloride (CHCl). The effect of DES structure on the liquid level of methanol dimethyl carbonate system was clarified by analyzing the experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium data. In this study, based on quantum chemistry (QC) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, this study analyzed the liquid-liquid extraction and separation mechanism of DMC and MeOH. The extraction effect of DES composed of CHCl+urea is the best, which has certain theoretical guiding significance for liquid-liquid extraction to realize the green and efficient separation of DMC and MeOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to develop an effective supercritical fluid chromatography method using single quadrupole MS for analysis of all isomeric forms of vitamin E. Finally, two fast and effective methods, the high resolution one and the high speed one, for the determination of 8 vitamin E isomers in human serum were developed. Rapid high-throughput liquid-liquid extraction was selected as a sample preparation step. Sample pretreatment of 100 μL human serum was consisted of protein precipitation with 200 μL ethanol and liquid-liquid extraction by 400 μL hexane/dichloromethane (80/20, v/v). The separation was performed on BEH 2-EP (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) stationary phase, using isocratic elution with carbon dioxide and 10 mM ammonium formate in methanol in the ratio 98:2 for high resolution method with run time 4.5 min and in the ratio 95:5 for high speed method, where the run time was 2.5 min. The method development included optimization of key parameters: the choice of the suitable stationary phase and the composition of mobile phase, where an influence of various modifiers, their ratio and additives were tested, and optimization of fine tunning parameters including BPR pressure, flow-rate and column temperature. Quantification of all isomeric forms was performed using SIM (single ion monitoring) experiments in ESI positive ion mode. Both high speed and high resolution chromatographic methods were validated in terms of precision, accuracy, range, linearity, LOD, LOQ and matrix effects using the same LLE procedure. The high resolution method provided more sensitive results (LOD: 0.017–0.083 μg mL −1 ) and better linearity (r 2 > 0.9930) than the high speed one (LOD: 0.083–0.25 μg mL −1 , r 2 > 0.9877) at the cost of double time of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantification of omeprazole in human plasma. Lansoprazole was used as internal standard with plasma samples, extracted using 10mM ammonium acetate. A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with Acetonitrile: mobile phase buffer 70:30%v/v. The reconstructed samples were injected into a C18 column purospher star 5µ. The mobile phase was composed of ACN: mobile phase buffer (5mm ammonium bicarbonate buffer) in the ratio of 70:30%v/v with flow rate 1.0mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated using positive ion mode and turbo electro spray ionisation. Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer, curtain, collision and auxiliary gases. Using MS/MS with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode, omeprazole was detected without severe interferences from plasma matrix. Detection of omeprazole in human plasma was accurate and precision. This method has been successfully applied to the study of omeprazole in human specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary 1-hydroxypuren (1-OHP) is commonly used as a major metabolite and biological indicator of the overall exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For evaluation of human exposure to such compounds, biological monitoring is an essential process, in which, preparation of samples is one of the most time-consuming and error-prone aspects prior to chromatographic techniques. In this study, non classic form of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was optimized with regard to solvent type, solvent volume, extraction temperature, mixing type, and mixing duration. Through the extraction process, a mild temperature was used to keep the compound of interest as stable as possible. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography, using reverse-phase column was used. The isocratic run was done at a constant flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, the mobile phase was methanol/water and a fluorescence detector was used, setting at 242 nm and 388 nm. At the developed conditions, the extraction recovery was exceeded 87.3%, achieving detection limit of 0.2 µg/l. The factors were evaluated statically and the procedure was validated with three different pools of spiked urine samples and showed a good reproducibility over six consecutive days as well as experiments. It was concluded that, this optimized method could simplify sample preparation for trace residue analysis of PAHs metabolites.

The aim of the present study is to develop the polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery systems of piroxicam and to evaluate the in-vitro characteristics such as entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, in-vitro drug release performance, etc. For this reason, a novel HPLC methodology was developed for the determination of piroxicam from its bulk form, pharmaceutical preparation, and nanoparticulate delivery systems. Furthermore, the developed formulation was applied to the rats and the biological samples (plasma, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, and lung homogenates) were analyzed by the developed HPLC method following a salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction strategy for the first time in the literature. A Kinetex C18 analytical column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) was used as a stationary phase with a 0.8 mL/min flow rate of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (40:60, v/v), the column oven was adjusted to 40 °C and detection wavelength is set to 360 nm. Developed method were validated as per selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy specified in the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. As a result of the present study, it has been shown that the analysis of piroxicam from the bulk form, pharmaceutical preparation, developed polymeric-based drug delivery system, and biological samples can be successfully performed and no interferences were observed in any matrix. The developed method was also successfully utilized to study the tissue distribution of piroxicam in rats. [Display omitted] • Piroxicam encapsulated PLGA based nano-sized drug delivery system was developed and characterized. • The in vitro release profiles of PRX from the various PLGA based nanoparticles and the pure API are compared. • Salting out assisted liquid-liquid extraction procedure developed for the first time for PRX analysis. • In vivo distribution of the PRX was demonstrated by animal models. • Green, fast, and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination and validation of PRX in plasma and tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The rising cost of crude oil combined with the depletion of the resources, political instability in oil producing countries, and the desire to reduce the current dependence on imported oil are some of the reasons that have motivated the different waves of interest for renewable and sustainable fuels. In addition to bioethanol and biodiesel, biobutanol is attracting significant interest as a biofuel mainly due to the recent advances in biotechnology for its production. Biobutanol has lower water miscibility, flammability, and corrosiveness than ethanol, and has the enviable advantage to be able to directly replace gasoline in car engines without requiring modifications. Butanol can be produced from a wide variety of waste biomass feedstock which does not compete with food. In butanol bioproduction, the most widely used microorganisms for acetonebutanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation are anaerobic bacteria such as the solventogenic Clostridia including Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. However, the production of biobutanol via fermentation is facing significant engineering challenges due to the very low final concentration and low yield due to the severe butanol toxicity to microorganisms. It is therefore important to find an efficient separation technique to recover butanol at the end of fermentation or during the fermentation to reduce the level of toxicity and prolong the fermentation. In this article, the main butanol separation techniques such as adsorption, gas stripping, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), perstraction, reverse osmosis (RO) and pervaporation were discussed. It was concluded that adsorption and pervaporation are the separation techniques that offer the most potential for butanol separation from dilute solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Liquid–liquid microextraction using the water immiscible ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, EMIM NtfO2, for the concentration and cleanup of basic compounds for analysis by CE has been investigated. Using an electrolyte comprising 1mol/L alanine and 3mol/L acetic acid, EMIM NtfO2 could be directly injected into the capillary after liquid phase extraction. Using the basic dye chryisoidine, sensitivity enhancements approaching 1000-fold were obtained by mixing 20μL of EMIM NtfO2 with 1500μL of aqueous sample, leaving only 5μL of the undissolved ionic liquid which was used for injection into the CE. Lower more repeatable enhancement factors of 200-fold were obtained with slightly larger initial 25μL volumes of EMIM NtfO2 due to the larger residual volume of ionic liquid which made handling easier. This could be extended to basic pharmaceuticals, and the extraction of clozapine and its two active metabolites, nor-clozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, was demonstrated from urine with enrichment factors greater than 100 obtained. Handling of potentially more dangerous samples, such as serum, through in-vial extraction of clozapine and its metabolites and direct injection of the ionic liquid layer was also demonstrated with enhancements in sensitivity of 80. Limits of detection from 3 to 11μg/L and 6 to 55μg/L were obtained from urine and serum, respectively, which are sufficiently low to be useful for the determination of these pharmaceuticals clinically for therapeutic drug monitoring and for forensic toxicology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Sample preparation methods for SSRI analysis in biological samples are important. • Traditional LLE and SPE in SSRI analysis are summarized. • Miniaturized extraction methods (SPME, LPME and EME) in SSRI analysis are reviewed. • Prospects of sample pretreatment methods for SSRI analysis are presented. [Display omitted] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (FLU), sertraline (SER), paroxetine (PAR), fluvoxamine (FLV) and citalopram (CIT) have been the first treatment drugs for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Quantitative analysis of SSRIs in biological samples is extremely needed in public health and clinical practice. During the analysis, sample pretreatment is an important step that can obtain an accurate quantitative analysis of SSRIs in the complex samples. The present paper discussed the recent development of sample preparation methods for SSRI analysis. Traditional sample preparation techniques such as liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), which have been widely used in the separation of SSRIs in biological samples, were extensively presented. Moreover, the new sample preparation techniques including liquid phase microextraction (LPME), solid phase microextraction (SPME), electromembrane extraction (EME) and other miniaturized extraction techniques, which are becoming highly popular in SSRI analysis, were also critically reviewed. In this review, both the advantages and disadvantages of these sample pretreatment methods were addressed. As a summary, we prospected the challenges and promising directions for the future of sample pretreatment methods in SSRI analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the pharmacokinetics of dextromoramide in long term opiate addicts on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) a reverse phase HPLC technique was developed to monitor dextromoramide and methadone concentrations in plasma simultaneously. After liquid liquid extraction from plasma, dextromoramide and methadone were determined using a Supelcosil LC ABZ column and a mobile phase of KH2phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) mixed with acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) and UV detection at 206 nm. The method was found to be sufficiently sensitive, specific and reproducible to apply in six subjects on MMT for many years, receiving orally administered dextromoramide as adjuvant. Pharmacokinetic data sets for dextromoramide in each subject were conducted and analysed further, indicating short elimination half life values (71 min, range 31 152 min). Contrary to previous studies, in all subjects tested the pharmacokinetics of dextromoramide are best described using an one compartment model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lampante olive oil has been treated in a supercritical CO extraction plant operating in a continuous countercurrent mode. We report the results of a systematic investigation to define the optimal operative parameters. We also have examined the compositional variation of lampante olive oil samples with different characteristics and of different geographic origins before and after refining at optimal conditions. Although practical feasibility of the proposed procedure can be questioned, the results demonstrate the possibility of fractionating components contained in the starting oil even if present at trace levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine levels of histamine, two methods were used, photometry in conjunction with two sample clean-up procedures, and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The two sample clean-up procedures used were liquid liquid extraction (LLE) with n-butanol and solid phase extraction (SPE). Using CZE, the separation of histamine from the matrix was good. The other method, photometry, represents a classic and simple method, that can be employed for in situ measurement of histamine. We found that it was necessary to clean up the samples prior to photometry; if this was not done, the recorded levels of histamine were higher than those determined by CZE. In order to determine levels of histamine, both of these rapid tests were applied to ten different foodstuffs. The levels of histamine measured using photometry following either LLE or SPE were compared. The results indicated that photometry is a suitable method for the measurement of histamine, although the sample solutions have to be purified by either LLE or SPE. Samples do not need to be cleaned up before CZE because there is no interference between histamine and attendant material. Both sample clean-up procedures were applied to the following foodstuffs: tomatoes, sauerkraut, tuna, leaf spinach, cream spinach, white wine and mackerel. The differences of the measured values vary between 3% and 18% for LLE and 6% and 27% for SPE. For the other foodstuffs, such as beef, beer and non-alcoholic beer, only one sample clean-up procedure is suitable. LLE used for beef and beer leads to differences in measured levels of histamine between 18% and 50%, respectively, whereas SPE used for non-alcoholic beer leads to differences of 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) target was bombarded with 46 MeV α-particle. Possibility of separation of no-carrier-added (NCA) polonium radioisotopes from the bulk lead-bismuth eutectic target was explored. Differential precipitation showed presence of Po with bulk Bi, leaving behind bulk Pb in aqueous medium. NCA 206Po radioisotope was then separated from bulk Bi using trioctylamine (TOA) as the extractant. At best condition of 0.01 M TOA+0.1 M HCl, highest separation factor (>500) was achieved between NCA Po and bulk Bi. • Cyclotron production of Po radioisotopes from alpha-irradiated LBE target. • Differential precipitation separated bulk Pb from bulk Bi and Po. • Radiochemical separation of 206Po from bulk Bi using anion exchanger. • Applicable for decontaminating long-lived, alpha-emitting Po from LBE. • First radiochemical attempt to separate Po from LBE sequentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has been paid to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their widespread presence in various environmental matrices, and endocrine disrupting potential even at low concentrations. However, little is known about the multiple EDCs exposure to human and related adverse effects on health, which warrants a multi-residue method for simultaneous determination of EDCs in human samples such as serum. In this study, we developed and validated a novel method for determination of 36 EDCs (8 bisphenols, 7 parabens, 2 antimicrobials, 5 benzophenones, and 14 phthalate metabolites) in human serum with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Two extraction methods (liquid liquid extraction (LLE), and LLE coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up) were compared, and eleven solvents and two SPE cartridges were optimized for extraction and clean-up procedure, respectively. Recoveries of target compounds spiked in human serum at three levels of concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 10 ng/mL) ranged from 45.8% to 120%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 20%. The linearity of the labeled dilution calibration curve was good with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.995 to 0.999, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.002 and 0.532 ng/mL. Low RSDs of intra-day (0.1–12.7%) and inter-day (0.2–13.3%) revealed the accuracy and precision of the quantification. The method was successfully applied to determine the target EDCs in human serum samples from 14 randomly selected individuals. The developed method is a promising method for routine measurement of EDCs in human serum. Image 1 • A simple and robust method for simultaneous determination of 36 EDCs in serum by UPLC-MS/MS was developed. • The pretreatment of LLE extraction in combination with SPE clean-up achieved high recovery and low matrix effect. • MeOH/ACN and MCX were optimized as the better extraction solvent and clean-up SPE cartridge, respectively. • The developed method was validated and successfully applied for determination of real human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]