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The study reported the effect of granite sand on strength and microstructural developments in mortars prepare from OPC with a high coal fly ash (FA) content or from hybrid alkaline cements. The radiological behaviour of the resulting mortars was compared to materials prepared with siliceous sand (with particles sizes of &lt, 2 mm) and the relationship between such radiological findings and mortar microstructure and strength was explored. A new method for determining natural radionuclides and their activity concentration Index (ACI) on cement mortars (specifically to solid 5-cm cubic specimens) was applied and validated. The microstructural changes associated in mortars have no effect on mortar radiological content measurements. The mortars with granite sand exhibited very high ACI &gt, 0.96, which would ultimately limit their use. A conclusion of interest is that where information is at hand on the starting materials (OPC, FA, sand, admixtures), their proportions in the mortar and the mixing liquid content (water or alkaline activators) their radiological content is accurately predicted. The inference is that a mortar’s radiological content and ACI can be known prior to mixing, providing a criterion for determining its viability. That in turn lowers environmental risks and the health hazards for people in contact with such materials.

Remote detection of structural aging, degradation phenomena and damage due to hazardous events is critical to ensure safety and reliability of civil or industrial structures. This is the motivation of the rapid development and increasing application of fully automated structural health monitoring (SHM) systems in civil engineering. Modal-based damage detection currently represents a popular approach for SHM of civil structures. In fact, it is a global method for damage detection and, as such, the measurement locations are not required to be close to the damage. However, damage sensitive features defined in terms of modal parameter estimates are also influenced by environmental and operational factors. Thus, neglecting this influence might jeopardize the reliability of the technology. In this framework, the present paper investigates the potential of modal-based SHM to detect earthquake damage at anchors of an atmospheric liquid storage tank. To this aim, the influences of bolt loosening at supports and of liquid level on modal parameters are investigated. The ultimate goal of the present study is the definition of criteria for the effective design and application of modal-based SHM to liquid storage tanks.

The article deals with the problem of determining the influence of capacity on the presence of phthalates — esters of phthalic acid (EFC) and its isomeric compounds in the studied objects. The work is relevant in connection with the lack of clear rules for the transportation of objects that are provided for forensic research on the content of phthalates, because the packaging of objects in improperly selected packaging may lead to the EFC falling into the object under study and false as a whole research results. The purpose of the work was to establish the presence of phthalates in the bottled drinking water, which is being sold in the territory of Ukraine in a polymeric container made of polyethylene terephthalate (PETF, PET), as well as tap water and distilled water and ethyl alcohol, placed in the same bottles during research. Establishing an EFC in facilities placed in PET packaging is a direct confirmation of existing experience with similar topics. The determination of the content of the EFC was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is shown that in the composition of any drinking water from those sold on the domestic market in PET packaging, there is an EFC. In this case, the sample of mineral water in glass containers, as well as distilled, tap water, ethyl alcohol used in this work, the EFC did Not contain within the limits of quantitative definition. After the expiry of these samples of distilled water and ethyl alcohol in the PET packaging, the presence of phthalates was detected. The results of this work are supported by well-known global studies to determine the possibility of migration of the EFC from the packaging material to its liquid content. Taking into account the results obtained, we have provided recommendations for the packaging of liquid research objects when they are sent to a study to determine the content of the EFC.

The wet granular material creates networks in which interstitial liquid provides capillary bridges needed to hold grains together. There is an optimal fraction of the interstitial liquid in which the bridges are formed and the friction coefficient is minimal. We found that the size of the grains affects the friction of wet granular media. Our observations demonstrates that the optimum volume fraction, in which the friction coefficient is minimized, increases with grain size, but for sand immersed in water, this minimum friction coefficient itself increases with size and for glass beads immersed in silicone oil it decreases, indicating that the shape of the grains also has an effect on this friction. It is also shown that there is a crossover point for grain size at which the network effect created by capillary bridges is dominated by wet granular media. This crossover point is found.

Cleaning is performed to increase hygiene, esthetics and material preservation. Despite its benefits, cleaning also poses risks, potentially contributing to nearly 20% of indoor pollution. As indoor air quality has become a major human health concern, “natural-scented” cleaning products, formulated with essential oils, have become market leaders among household products. However, these consumer products have benefitted from skillful marketing strategies based on the ambiguity of the words “green” and “natural”. The characterization of the emission processes studied through 1-m3 chamber experiments under a realistic scenario suggests variable maximum total terpene concentrations from 150 to 300 ppb. The estimated emission rate profiles confirm that the liquid-to-gas transfer of terpenes is driven by (i) the formulation of the product matrix inducing specific chemical affinities, (ii) the liquid content of individual terpenes, and (iii) the intrinsic volatility of terpenes. A unique formaldehyde emission kinetics profile was observed, suggesting the presence of a unique emission source: formaldehyde-releasers. Consequently, the use of essential-oil-based cleaning products might generate a long-term increase in the indoor formaldehyde concentration, and the maximum levels might be sustained for several hours after cleaning. Thus, essential-oil-based cleaners should be seriously considered as versatile and significant sources of fragrance molecules and formaldehyde.

International audience; The moisture has been recognized to have a significant influence on the initiation movement of sand by wind and consequently on sand transport rates. The pertinent literature regarding these phenomena is sparse and current available theoretical and empirical models exhibit considerable disagreement regarding the magnitude of moisture effects. We believe that these discrepancies comes from the fact that the moisture levels are not well controlled neither properly measured and are susceptible to strongly vary over time due to evaporation. To get rid of the variability of moisture content due to evaporation, we propose a new approach based on the use of non-volatile liquid, namely silicon oil instead of water. This insures a proper control of the liquid content and the production of reliable data concerning the variation of the transport threshold with liquid content.

With the advancement in radioactive ion beam facilities, the interest of nuclear physics community is shifted toward investigating the role of isopin dependence of equation of state in reaction dynamics of heavy-ion collisions. Here, we probe isospin effects via nuclear multifragmentation. Using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model, we present the study of reactions of isotopic and isobaric pairs. Here, we studied the \(E_{c.m.}^{max}\) (the energy corresponding to maximal production of fragments) for various fragments produced in multifragmentation. It has been observed that the peak energy is governed by symmetry potential in comparison to isospin dependence of NN cross section. We further continued the study by dividing the final fragmentation pattern into free particles (A = 1) and fragments (A > 1) by labeling them as gas and liquid, respectively. We studied the energy dependence of gas/liquid content for different reactions. Our investigation revealed an existence of cross-over energy (the energy corresponding to equal contribution of gas and liquid contents) which is greatly influenced by symmetry energy rather than isospin dependence of nn cross section. Further, our study revealed that cross-over energy is sensitive to density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy as well, thus can be used as a good probe for the same at supra-saturation densities.

during a routine abdominal MRI, detailed visualization of the intestine is not possible. Using the MRI technique with peroral hydrocontrast, it becomes possible to analyze the state of the intestine along its entire length due to its liquid content, biphasic contrast and obtaining a balanced MR signal from the intestinal wall with a high T1 / T2 ratio.

Pancreatic fluid collections frequently occur in the context of moderate and severe acute pancreatitis, and may also appear as a complication of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic surgery or trauma. It is essential to adhere to the Atlanta classification nomenclature that subclassifies them into four categories (acute peripancreatic fluid collections, acute necrotic collections, pseudocysts, and walled-off necrosis) since it has an impact on prognosis and management. Pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis are encapsulated pancreatic fluid collections characterized by a surrounding inflammatory wall, which typically develops three to four weeks after the onset of acute pancreatitis. Most pancreatic fluid collections resolve spontaneously and do not require intervention. However, when they become symptomatic or complicated drainage is indicated, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage has become first-line treatment of encapsulated collections. Drainage of pseudocysts is relatively straightforward due to their liquid content. However, in walled-off necrosis the presence of solid necrotic debris can make treatment more challenging and therefore multidisciplinary management in experienced centers is recommended, being a step-up approach the current standard of care. In this review, we aim to address the management of pancreatic fluid collections with an especial focus on endoscopic drainage.

Liquisolid technology, as a promising approach for bioavailability enhancement, has received increasing attention in recent years. However, literature reports addressing the challenges for its industrial application, particularly those related to compaction behavior of liquisolid systems, are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of process parameters and formulation variables on the flowability, wetting, and compaction properties of the liquisolid systems prepared in a fluid bed processor. The experiments with microcrystalline cellulose, as a carrier, were performed according to 23 full factorial design. The effects of liquid content, spray air pressure, and liquid feed rate on the properties of liquisolid systems were investigated. Liquisolid admixtures with microcrystalline cellulose were compared with those prepared with novel carriers, Fujicalin® and Neusilin® US2. "Out-die" Heckel, modified Walker, and Kuentz-Leuenberger models were used to analyze the compressibility of liquisolid admixtures. The results obtained showed that an increase in liquid content (in the range of 10 to 15%) led to a decrease in flowability of liquisolid admixtures with microcrystalline cellulose, as well as more pronounced influence of spraying conditions. On the other hand, higher liquid content led to higher compressibility. Fujicalin® and Neusilin® US2 liquisolid admixtures were found to have superior flowability and compressibility in comparison with those with microcrystalline cellulose, despite the considerably higher liquid load (50-55% liquid content in Neusilin® US2 compacts). Acceptable compactibility of the investigated liquisolid systems was observed. The fluid bed processor was shown to be suitable equipment for production of liquisolid systems, but with careful adjustment of process parameters.

The performance of a transient multiphase flow simulator was evaluated using high-quality field data measured in a large diameter gas-condensate offshore production system during different operating conditions (pigging, production shut-in and restart, production ramp-up, quasi steady state). Production data included measurements recorded from more than 120 sensors (pressure, temperature, flow rate, monoethylene glycol (MEG) fraction, slug catcher volume) during a three-year production time span. After thorough data screening and analysis, 19 distinct subsets encompassing both steady state conditions and at least one pigging event per subset were selected as benchmarks for validating simulation results. For each subset, a simulation model was developed to account for ambient and operating conditions, fluid properties, bathymetry profiles, thermal insulation and pipe burial, and hydrate inhibitor tracking (MEG). A comprehensive statistical analysis comparing predicted and measured pressure drop, pigged liquid volumes, outlet temperatures, and rich MEG mass fractions over the three-year time period demonstrated that the simulator predictions were in good agreement with the field data. The analysis included an uncertainty assessment of the measured production flow rates and volumes to better estimate the simulator accuracy. It was found that the simulator predicted both the cumulated rich MEG and condensate volumes received at the delivery point within the measurement uncertainty. The predicted rich MEG fractions at delivery were also in good agreement with the measurements, underlining the reliability of the inhibitor tracking module of the simulator. The pig travel time and the total liquid volume displaced by the pig during each pigging event were the main parameters considered to evaluate the accuracy of the simulator; both were predicted within a 10% error margin. Multiphase flow simulators are often developed and tuned against experimental data recorded in small to medium diameter scale pilots. The opportunity to validate a transient multiphase flow simulator against measured operating conditions in large diameter pipelines over an unprecedented three-year time span is valuable, not only for quantifying the performance of the simulator, but also for assessing its scalability.

In recent years, novel developments in the continuous manufacturing of solid dosage forms using twin-screw wet granulation have grasped the attention of the pharmaceutical industry. In spite of this progress, there still exists a lack of fundamental knowledge on the physical processes occurring in the barrel of the twin-screw granulator. A major contributor to this knowledge gap has been the unavailability of measurements of granule properties (particle size, liquid content, porosity, etcetera) along the length of the barrel. Recently conducted tedious measurements at different barrel locations have been essential to build a hypothesis in terms of locally occurring mechanisms in twin-screw wet granulation. This paper proposes a novel kernel for modelling either the uni- or bimodal behaviour observed at different L/S ratios in the wetting zone, assuming pure aggregation only. Furthermore, a two stage (wetting and kneading zone) compartmental population balance model is constructed to successfully simulate granule sizes from preblend to the end of the granulator. This population balance model can simulate granule size distributions at a reasonable accuracy both in the case of single compartments as well as in the full two stage compartmental set-up. The proposed model in this paper is a first important step in knowledge build-up of twin-screw granulation and towards a general population balance model for twin-screw wet granulation.

A study of froth liquid transport in flotation cells with very low bubble loading was performed in a two-dimensional flotation cell using a two-phase (air–water) system. The prototype represents a radial section of an industrial flotation cell (130 m3) and was operated at steady state. The experimental tests consisted of adding a small amount (0.02 mL) of radioactive liquid tracer I131 (in a NaI solution) on top of the froth (TOF) or near the bottom of the froth (interface). Eight collimated sensors located along the froth and collection zones allowed the evaluation of liquid transport and drainage in the froth after tracer addition at different distances from the discharge lip. Longer distances to the overflow discharge lip promote higher water drainage from the froth to the collection zone. For the liquid content near the top of the froth, the liquid drainage increased gradually from almost nil to approximately 50% when the distance to the lip level was increased from 5 to 98 cm. In contrast, the liquid content in the froth near the interface was almost fully drained for distances larger than 15 cm from the discharge lip. This information was complemented by froth surface velocity measurements using the Visiofroth system and showed a good agreement with the liquid transport velocity measured near the discharge lip wall. The increase in the frothcrowder angle (40–50°) also showed a significant effect on the froth liquid transport velocity and similar drainage characteristics.

A liquid marble is a microliter-sized droplet coated with hydrophobic powder. The porous coating prevents the liquid content from being in direct physical contact with its surroundings, making the liquid marble perfectly non-wetting. On the one hand, the non-wetting ability allows the liquid marble to float and move across a liquid surface with little resistance. On the other hand, the porosity enables gas exchange between the liquid marble and its surroundings. These properties allow the liquid marble to serve as a bioreactor platform for important applications such as cell culture. Liquid marbles floating on a free liquid surface prevent evaporation due to the high humidity near the liquid surface. Moving a floating liquid marble allows for stirring and mixing inside the liquid marble. This paper reports a novel technique for manipulating a floating liquid marble using dielectrophoresis. A relatively simple setup can move liquid marbles of various sizes across the water surface at high speeds. We also present an analytical model to model and accurately predict the motion of the floating liquid marble. The technique reported here potentially allows for high-throughput and efficient handling of floating liquid marbles as a digital microfluidics platform.

A presença da mandioca e de seus derivados na alimentação brasileira é expressiva, exceto para o sagu de mandioca. Diante deste cenário, faltam estudos que revelem a extensão desse alimento no mercado brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar tal panorama a partir de uma pesquisa de mercado considerando a rotulagem e informações de publicidade, centrando-se na oferta on-line de sagus de mandioca no comércio brasileiro. As categorias sagu seco, mistura para sagu e sagu pronto para consumo foram avaliadas considerando: região de venda e preço, parâmetros de identidade e qualidade, lista de ingredientes, conteúdo líquido, tabela nutricional, porção e medidas caseiras, informações sobre glúten, lactose e alérgenos alimentares, embalagem e sites de venda ou oficiais. Foram considerados 81 produtos nacionais, sendo 75,3% (n=61) sagus secos, 19,7% (n=16) misturas para sagu e 5,0% (n=4) sagus prontos para consumo. Os sagus secos apresentaram inadequações em todas as categorias. As misturas para sagus foram adequadas nos parâmetros porção e medidas caseiras, informação sobre glúten e lactose. Os sagus prontos para consumo obtiveram erros sistemáticos por serem da mesma marca. Logo, foi possível aprofundar o panorama de produtos disponíveis e preços praticados, sendo o primeiro estudo realizado para o mercado brasileiro. Mesmo com uma quantidade relevante de sagus de mandioca no mercado, diversas marcas apresentam inadequação na rotulagem, o que comprova a necessidade de reformulação. Por fim, entende-se que os canais virtuais de comunicação podem ser mais utilizados para atrair a atenção dos consumidores para estes produtos, desde que haja linguagem técnica apropriada.

The kinetics of ripening of fruits, followed by subsequent degradation process represent important biochemical mechanisms with high aggregate value for agribusiness sector. In contrast to the destructive assays for identification of ripening degree of fruits, the development of non-invasive techniques introduces potential advantages concerning to the development of new methods for fruit production control. In this direction, the electrical impedance spectroscopy was used for the identification of the maturation degree of fruits based on variation of bulk resistance dependence with maturation of fruits, due to the variation in the liquid content in fruit fibers. The results revealed the strong correlation between mechanical assays and electrical parameters, characterizing an important advantage in terms of a non-invasive and non-destructive method for ripening identification degree.

Numerous industrial and academic applications of liquid foams require a fine control over their bubble size distribution and their liquid content. A particular challenge remains the generation of foams with very small bubbles and low liquid content. A simple technique which fulfils these different criteria, the “double-syringe technique”, has been exploited for decades in hospital applications. In this technique, the foaming liquid and gas are pushed repeatedly back and forth through the constriction that connects two syringes. After having motorised the technique we investigate here the influence of the different processing conditions on the obtained foam properties in a quantitative manner. We show that this technique is unique in producing foams with the same characteristic bubble size distributions over a wide range of processing conditions (tubing, fluid velocities,...), making it an ideal tool for controlled foam generation. In contrast to other techniques, the liquid fraction in the double-syringe technique can be varied without impacting the bubble size distribution. Using high-speed imaging we show that bubbles are dispersed in the aqueous phase at two different places in the device via a hitherto unreported fragmentation mechanism. We put in evidence that the obtained bubble size distributions are largely independent of most processing parameters with the exception of the geometry of the constriction and the foam formulation. We put forward a first analysis of the non-dimensional numbers of the flow and compare our results with bubbles size distributions obtained from fragmentation processes. Future work on simplified model systems is required to explain the observed mechanisms.

Sinter quasi-particles consist of nuclei particles and adhering fines. Therefore, reaction properties of the nuclei ore will ultimately affect the bonding strength of the sintered body. In this study, micro-sintering tests were conducted to explore the melt absorbability of nuclei ore and its effect on the suitable liquid content of the sintered body. The results showed that the melt absorbability is negatively correlated with the lowest assimilation temperature, and the most important mineralogy factor influencing melt absorbability is iron mineral type. The reaction behaviors of melts containing SiO2 or Al2O3 substrates are different, and the reaction process of the melt containing SiO2 is more complicated. In addition, the bonding strength of the sintered body is collectively determined by the liquid phase fluidity of adhering fines and the assimilability of nuclei ore. The high melt absorbability has an adverse effect on bonding strength, and it requires adhering fines to provide more primary melts to meet the requirements for sintered body bonding strength. In the condition with the same liquid content, for nuclei ore with stronger melt absorbability, an appropriate increase in the adhering fines ratio and reduction in segregation basicity are more conducive to improving the bonding strength.

Mechanical or manual manipulation of food (i.e., texture manipulation) can influence food consumption for children with feeding difficulties. The processes (e.g., using a blender, mashing food items with a fork, adding water) used to modify texture do not always produce a consistent viscosity. The differences may be due to varying liquid added to modify the texture and the liquid content of the food. An individual’s preference for food items has also been shown to influence acceptance of food. In the current study, we conducted a food viscosity assessment to determine the effect on bite acceptance with lip closure on the spoon for a high- and low-preferred food at high, medium, and low viscosities. Results indicated that both preference and viscosity of food affected bite acceptance with lip closure. The results suggest that viscosity of manipulated texture is one variable to consider in the consumption of preferred and nonpreferred foods for individuals with feeding difficulties.

A multiphase flow system is commonly faced by oil and gas industries where it constituted of complex design and analysis [1]. Previous studies on the multiphase system have established a number of models including Hagerdon & Brown, Duns & Ros, Orkiszewki and Beggs & Brill [1]. Numerous studies have been carried out on the multiphase system related to production engineering [3]. However, the study on the multiphase system is found limited to be related to well control and drilling management. The multiphase system is interestingly important in well control especially during unwanted circumstances such as kick. Flow behavior and pattern might be different from one phase system where normally only gas kick is considered during design stage of the drilling campaign. Since the multiphase kick might represent different outcome compared to one phase system, an accurate calculation of multiphase kick is desired. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the impact on the multiphase kick with on the pressure drop reading and its connection with a circulating system. The study will cover on Pressure drop calculation using Beggs & Brill correlation by consolidating all the data given from various sources; Identification of flow regime of the multiphase system for the base case with several reference pressure; Sensitivity analysis including the effect of different liquid content and liquid flow rate towards the pressure drop. The expected outcomes from this study are beneficial for well control management where necessary actions to prevent blowout.

An oleo-pneumatic shock absorber of a fighter aircraft loses some of its nitrogen charge and oil fill over time, due to leakage through seals. Usually, only gas can be added to shock absorber in line maintenance. This creates an imbalance to the ratio between gas and oil, and affects both the damping and the stiffness of the shock absorber. Measuring the gas and liquid content inside a shock absorber is infeasible. Thus, other variables that can act as indicators of an imbalance, must be identified. A coupled model of a fighter aircraft landing gear and its shock absorber is created. Using the model, landings with different sink speeds and aircraft masses has been simulated. Simulations with a standard, and later imbalanced, gas-liquid ratio are conducted. Results from these simulations are discussed and presented here, and variables that can be used as indicators of this imbalance are identified. This information can be used to potentially improve maintenance planning.

Two innovative methodologies for human chest medical imaging are presented. The former technique allows to predict the air/liquid content of human lungs with real-time performance starting from data acquired in a 3D electrical impedance tomography (EIT) probing scenario. On the other hand, the second approach is aimed at solving the microwave inverse scattering (IS) problem through an innovative double-differential imaging method allowing to jointly exploit spatial and temporal a-priori information on the diagnosed patient. Illustrative numerical examples are shown to assess the effectiveness of both approaches.

Exercising in a tropical climate with constant high temperatures and high humidity increases the risk of heatstroke for active people who frequently train outdoors. For these active persons, a cooling source of water nearby can be essential, and this is usually carried in canteen bottles. However, commercially available water canteen bottles have limited thermal insulation capability to keep the liquid content cooled for the required period. This work proposed an engineering solution to enhance the heat insulation performance of water canteen bottles, using recycled cellulose aerogels made from paper waste for the first time as an insulating layer. Recycled cellulose aerogels wrapped around the water canteen bottle provides excellent thermal insulation performance, while not adding significant weight to the bottle. The temperature of the ice slurry in the canteen bottle was measured periodically over four hours with a mercury thermometer. The effects of the static and dynamic conditions on the temperature rate were also quantified. A 1.5 cm thickness of 1.0 wt.% recycled cellulose aerogel wrapped around the canteen bottle can provide an excellent thermal insulation performance with the lowest rise in temperature, achieving a low final temperature of the ice slurry content of 3.5 &deg, C after 4 h. This result is much better than that provided by available commercial bottles under the same conditions.

The description of the freezing characteristics of porous media is one of the most conspicuous ingredients in flow and heat transport models that involve freezing and thawing processes. Unfrozen liquid content (ULC) shows strong hysteresis during freezing and thawing cycles in different types of soils and other porous media. We discuss the possible mechanisms of hysteresis in porous media and develop a numerical model for the unfrozen liquid content that is capable of describing the hysteresis phenomenon in freezing and thawing cycles. We present a coupled finite element model as the framework for the numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transport in partially frozen porous media. The implementation aspects of the ULC model as well as its integration into numerical codes are discussed in detail. We investigate the potential impact of the hysteresis phenomenon on the numerical simulation of transport processes in porous media through benchmark examples and validate the behavior of the model against available laboratory measurement data.

The effect of frothers on the degree of entrainment is important for selective flotation, but the mechanism underpinning the effect is still poorly understood. In this study, gangue only batch flotation tests were performed using fully liberated quartz in a 3.5 L conventional Agitair flotation cell, and the degree of entrainment was assessed at different frother concentrations using Dowfroth 250 and MIBC. Results show that the effect of frothers on the degree of entrainment was the consequence of changes in the upward liquid motion across the pulp/froth interface. The frothers changed the bubble size, resulting in a change in liquid content and liquid velocity at the interface. The change in interface liquid velocity then changed the drag force which determined the motion of a particle against the downward gravitational force on the particle due to its weight, resulting in a change in the amount of hydrophilic solid particles following the water phase and being recovered in the water phase, and hence the degree of entrainment. The results also suggest that the classification of hydrophilic solid particles occurred at the interface region.

The fluidity of sintering liquid phase reflects the effective bonding range of the binder phase in the sintering process of iron ores. In this study, the liquid composition and quantity during sintering was calculated using FactSage 7.0 thermodynamic calculation software. The results show that two liquid phases are formed during sintering. One phase is generated at about 1373 K (1100 °C) and the other is generated at about 1523 K (1250 °C). The liquid fluidity index and the low-temperature liquid phase are closely related. The higher-temperature liquid phase has little influence on the liquid fluidity index. The larger the amount of low-temperature liquid phase generated, the higher the liquid fluidity index is. The alkalinity of the low-temperature liquid phase has insignificant influence on the liquid fluidity index. The content of SiO2 in the iron ore is the main factor that affects the liquid fluidity index during sintering. The liquid fluidity index increases greatly with increasing SiO2 content. In contrast, Al2O3 content has little influence on the liquid fluidity index, with an increase in the Al2O3 content only slightly increasing the liquid fluidity index. An increase in the MgO content of the iron ore can reduce liquid generation, promote the spinel generation, and decrease the liquid fluidity index during sintering.

espanolA nivel de cuello derecho predominantemente suprahioideo con extension infrahioideo en compartimiento carotideo y retrofaringeo ipsilateral existe la presencia de coleccion abscedada con capsula semigruesa definida captante de contraste, de 42x20x48 mm de tamano en sus diametros longitudinal, anteroposterior y transversal respectivamente, con contenido liquido con burbujas de aire en su interior. Ademas, presenta sutil infiltracion de la grasa mediastinica superior y datos de mediastinitis. Presento focos multiples de condensacion en relacion a neumonia multifocal, probablemente por broncoaspiracion. EnglishAt right neck level, predominantly suprahioid with infrahioid extension in carotid and ipsilateral retropharyngeal compartment, there is the presence of abscessed collection with defined semi-thick contrast capsule, 42x20x48 mm in size in its longitudinal, anteroposterior and transversal diameters respectively, with liquid content with air bubbles inside. In addition, it presents subtle infiltration of the upper mediastinal fat and data of mediastinitis. It presented multiple foci of condensation in relation to multifocal pneumonia, probably by bronchial aspiration.

This paper considers the possibility of the radar polarimetry to estimate the impact of drop oscillation onto the reflected radar signal to improve information about drop shape parameters. The mathematical modeling, as well as computer simulation performed in the presented paper, demonstrate and prove the fact that it is possible to fix the contribution of drop oscillation and shape deformation into the received signal by selection of polarization angle of the receiving antenna. The results of the study can be used to improve information on rainfall or water liquid content measurements.

We study diamagnetically levitated foams with widely different liquid fractions. Due to the levitation, drainage is effectively suppressed and the dynamics is driven by the coarsening of the foam bubbles. For dry foams, the bubble size is found to increases as the square root of foam age, as expected from a generalized von Neumann law. At higher liquid content the behavior changes to that of Ostwald ripening where the bubbles grow with the 1/3 power of the age. Using Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy we study the local dynamics in the different regimes and find diffusive behavior for dry foams and kinetic behavior for wet foams. Graphical abstract