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SUMMARY Background: The authors report in this study a fibroma within the eye of an Emperor Red Snapper (Lutjanus sebae). Ocular tumours of fish are infrequent and there are very few published cases of successful treatment. Objectives: The first clinical signs were very similar to those of gas bubble disease and conservative treatment was carried out. However, the progression of macrophthalmia and exophthalmos, during which the eye with the lesion increased by about five-fold, led to a decrease in food intake and emaciation. Therefore the surgical removal of the eye was necessary. Materials and Methods: The fish was separated in a 60 litre aquarium for treatment and observation. This was also considered a therapeutic trial, as gas bubble disease was a possible differential diagnosis. Bubbles within the eye were removed after topical analgesia with lidocaine using a hypodermic needle. However the problem recurred in 5–20 days and the eye was removed surgically. The animal was anaesthetised with eugenol using immersion and a recirculating system. Recovery was without complications. As postoperative treatment chloramphenicol was used and the concentration of the antibiotic was reduced step by step by water exchange in the aquarium. Results and Discussion: 2 days after the surgery in-coordination was observed, which has gradually improved and the animal was moved back on show in a pub lic aquarium. There were no further complications experienced in the holding tank, neither regarding social interactions or food intake. Histopathological examination proved a fibroma in the affected eye. Six months post-surgery the measurements (body weight and length) of the fish were increased by 56%. No visible recurrence of the tumour was found at the follow-up examinations. After surgery the animal lived for another 22 months and died of unrelated reasons, recurrence was not proved after death. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first successful surgical treatment of an ocular fibroma in an Emperor Red Snapper.

SUMMARY Urolithiasis is a well known phenomenon in several animal taxa, including production animals, as well as horses, dogs and cats. However, the pathophysiology of urolithiasis is much less well understood in exotic and zoo species. In reptiles, uroliths are found with increasing frequencies in green iguanas (Iguana iguana) and tortoises. Causative factors might include inappropriate husbandry and feeding practices. Due to this reasons most case reports are published about privately owned exotic animals. The authors present a case of a zoo-housed African spurred tortoise (Geochelone sulcata) in which a large sized (3 × 3 × 4 cm) urolith was found in the urinary bladder. The composition of the stone proved to be mostly ammonium urate. Though most cases of urolithiasis were reported in pet tortoises so far, this case call the attention, that urolithiasis could be a problem even in zoo-kept wild and exotic animals. As a preventative measure it is important to revise the husbandry (especially the ideal temperature and humidity levels) and feeding practices.