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Background: PER2 gene methylation is closely related to the occurrence and progress of some cancers, but there is no method to quantitatively detect PER2 methylation in conventional laboratories. So, we established a TaqMan real-time fluorescence quantitative methylation specific PCR (TaqMan real-time FQ-MSP) assay and use it for quantitative detection of PER2 methylation in leukemia patients. Methods: According to the PER2 sequence searched by GenBank, a CpG sequence enrichment region of the PER2 gene promoter was selected, and the methylated and unmethylated target sequences were designed according to the law of bisulfite conversion of DNA to construct PER2 methylation positive and negative reference materials. Specific primers and probe were designed. The reference materials were continuously diluted into gradient samples by 10-fold ratio to evaluate the analytical sensitivity, specificity,accuracy and reproducibility of the method, and the analytical sensitivity of TaqMan real-time FQ-MSP assay was compared with that of the conventional MSP assay. At the same time, the new-established TaqMan real-time FQ-MSP assay and the conventional MSP assay were used to detect the PER2 methylation level of 81 patients with leukemia, and the samples with inconsistent detection results of the two assays were sent to pyromethylation sequencing to evaluate the clinical detection performance .Results: The minimum detection limit of TaqMan real-time FQ-MSP assay for detecting PER2 methylation level established in this study was 6 copies/uL, and the coefficient of variation(CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay was less than 3%. Compared with the conventional MSP assay, it has higher analytical sensitivity. For the samples with inconsistent detection results, the results of pyrosequencing and TaqMan real-time FQ-MSP assay are consistent. Conclusion: TaqMan real-time FQ-MSP assay of PER2 methylation established in this study has high detection performance and can be used for the detection of clinical samples.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method based on the purification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecularly imprinted columns was developed, this method was used for the rapid quantitative determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the sample were extracted with acetonitrile ultrasonically, purified by molecular imprinting column(MIP-PAHs), and tested after being concentrated by nitrogen blowing.The 16 PAHs showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-40 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient rgt;0.9996; the recoveries were 77.13%-107.67% at the three standard addition levels of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 ng/mL, the relative standard deviation was 0.15%-4.63%(n=7); the detection limit of the method was 0.004-0.078 ng/m~3, and the quantification limit was 0.016-0.336 ng/m~3.The detection of 16 PAHs in PM_(2.5) using this method is more accurate, more sensitive and less time consuming than the result of the simple ultrasonic extraction method and the Soxhlet extraction method in Determination of PAHs in ambient air and exhaust gases in gas phase and particulate matter by high performance liquid chromatography(HJ 647-2013).

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) in gas and particles were analyzed in southeast coastal and mountainous cities, including Fuzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Nanping, to study the pollution characteristics, particle size distribution, phase partitioning and atmospheric transport. PFAA ranged from 7.8 to 290 pg m

The cultivation of writing ability has always been one of the teaching goals of English majors. It is listed as the five skills of English learning along with listening, speaking, reading and translation. Nowadays, people gradually realize that most Chinese college students’ English writing ability is not very satisfactory. One of the problems is that most students are affected by their mother tongue. The Chinese way of thinking hinders the development of their language skills, thus restricting further language learning. English corpus is of great help in terms of vocabulary, grammar usage, monitoring and verification of the correctness of language output. In this paper, the author combines the teaching practice of English writing with the application of English corpus, and conducts research on its effectiveness. Results show that students’ language errors in compositions are reduced, their vocabulary becomes richer and more diversified, and students’ feedback is very good. Besides, this method can also encourage students to learn independently to improve their writing skills.

To investigate the characteristics of particulate methanesulfonic acid (MSA(p)), non-sea-salt sulfate (nss SO42-) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols, aerosol and seawater samples were collected over the Southern Ocean (43–70∘ S) and the Amundsen Sea (70–75∘ S) during the ANA06B cruise conducted in the austral summer of 2016 aboard the Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. Over the Southern Ocean, the atmospheric MSA(p) concentration was low (0.10±0.002 µg m−3), whereas its concentration increased sharply up to 0.57 µg m−3 in the Amundsen Sea where Phaeocystis antarctica (P. antarctica), a producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was the dominant phytoplankton species. Unlike MSA(p), the mean nss SO42- concentration in the Amundsen Sea was comparable to that in the Southern Ocean. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea varied from 0.048 to 0.16 and 0.070 to 0.18 µgC m−3, with averages of 0.087±0.038 and 0.097±0.038 µgC m−3, respectively. For water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), its mean concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea were 0.25±0.13 and 0.26±0.10 µgC m−3, varying from 0.083 to 0.49 and 0.12 to 0.38 µgC m−3, respectively. WIOC was the dominant organic carbon species in both the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, accounting for 73 %–75 % of the total aerosol organic carbon. WSOC/Na+ and WIOC/Na+ ratios in the fine-mode aerosol particles were higher, especially in the Amundsen Sea where biological productivity was much higher than the Southern Ocean. The fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic aerosols investigated using a fluorescence excitation–emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) revealed that protein-like components were dominant in our marine aerosol samples, representing 69 %–91 % of the total intensity. Protein-like components also showed a significant positive relationship with the relative biomass of diatoms; however, they were negatively correlated with the relative biomass of P. antarctica. These results suggest that the protein-like component is most likely produced as a result of biological processes of diatoms in the Amundsen Sea.

To evaluate the impact of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition input to the coastal ecosystem, measurements were conducted to analyze the inorganic nitrogen wet deposition to Xiamen Island during April to August in 2014. Using ion chromatography and shown to contain main nine water-soluble ions—including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO−, NO3−, and SO42−—we analyzed the composition of the wet deposition sample and verified the contribution of different ions to the different sources. The results showed that the mean NO3−-N and NH4+-N concentration in rainfall for five months was 4.55 ± 5.15 mg·L−1 (n = 31) and 1.20 ± 1.16 mg·L−1 (n = 33), respectively. Highest NO3−-N (74.65 mg·N·L−1) and NH4+-N (16.06 mg N·L−1) values were both observed in May. Maximum NO3−-N deposition (507.5 mg·N·m−2) was also in May, while the highest NH4+-N deposition (99.8 mg·N·m−2) was in June. The total inorganic wet nitrogen flux during sampling period was 11.1 kg·N·ha−1. The HYSPLIT backward air masses trajectory and USEPA PMF model was used, as the composition of the air masses passing over the sample area were impacted from three sources: fertilizers and biomass combustion, formation of secondary aerosol, and Marine aerosols. The concentration ratio of SO42− and NO3− in ranged between 0.5 and 3 in rainfall samples with an average of 1.34, suggesting that the contribution from vehicle exhaust to air pollution in the sample area is increasing. Long-term continuous monitoring of wet deposition in this region needs to be expanded to fully understand the impacts of human activity on air quality and to quantify N deposition to local marine ecosystems.

Increased dry deposition of nitrogen aerosols (aerosol-N) as a result of anthropogenic emissions has caused large negative impacts on marine ecosystems. We monitored the number concentrations and sizes of inorganic nitrogen aerosols (aerosol-IN: NH

Atmospheric particulate samples were collected during three typhoons in 2006 (Chanchu, Bilis, and Kaemi) from Dongshan and Pingtan Islands along the coastal areas of Fujian Province and were analyz...

To analyze a patient with infertility and a fragile site found at 16q22 by using cytogenetic methods.Peripheral blood sample was taken from the patient and subjected to chromosomal karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array) analysis.The patient was found to be a mosaicism for a fragile site at 16q22, which has a variable morphology and cannot be induced by folic acid treatment. No abnormality was found by SNP-array analysis.A rare fragile site, which can be induced without folic acid treatment, has been identified at 16q22. The strategy of assisted reproduction for such individuals is yet to be explored.

PurposeStandardised Training of Paediatric Resident (STPR) plays an essential role in training qualified paediatricians. Until now, China had no paediatric resident competency index system to effectively guide and evaluate the competence of paediatric residents. This study aimed to establish a competency index system for paediatric residents in China to provide a reference for improving the training system and quality of STPR.Study design and settingThis study conducted two rounds of Delphi expert consultation survey among paediatric medical experts (n=16), followed by screening, revising and supplementing indicators using the boundary value method. Next, the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of indicators and finally establish a competency index system for paediatric residents.ResultsThe results of the statistical analysis revealed a positive coefficient of 100% for both rounds of expert consultation. The expert authority coefficient values were 0.82 and 0.83, and the expert coordination coefficient test was pConclusionsIn this study, a competency index system for paediatric residents was constructed following the characteristics and quality requirements for paediatric residents in China and is expected to significantly improve the overall level of paediatricians’ medical service quality and supply.

Atmospheric particulate samples collected from Pingtan Island in Fujian province were analyzed for 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with the aims of elucidating the contamination levels and their influence factors, and providing more comprehensive and fundamental data for the risk assessment of OCPs in this coastal area. The concentration of total OCPs ranged from ND (not detected) to 27.25 pg m–3 (an average of 4.30 ± 4.07 pg m–3) and ND to 13.16 pg m–3 (an average of 3.11 ± 2.54 pg m–3) in 2006 and 2007 respectively, and the level are obviously lower than urban, industrial, suburban, and the similar research areas in the coastal areas of Europe. HCH (Hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) were the predominant contaminants, followed by Methoxychlor and Endrin, while the levels of Chlordane, Endosulfan, Aldrin and Dieldrin was relatively lower. Obvious seasonal variations in OCP levels correlate significantly with total particulate levels; higher concentrations of most OCP compounds appeared in winter, whereas lower concentrations appeared in summer. The distribution pattern of the level of most OCP compounds might be directly or indirectly influenced by meteorological conditions, and TOC (total organic carbon) is an important factor influencing the persistence of these OCPs in atmospheric particulates. The source of atmospheric particulates was traced by stable carbon isotopes, which indicate that the increased levels of OCPs in winter and spring influenced by the source of polluted air mass during the “heating season” of Northern China. The cancer risk probability was evaluated based on the residual levels of OCPs, and the results show that dermal contact was the primary pathway affecting human health, and the effect of OCP residuals in atmospheric particulates of the coastal area could not be neglected.

Background Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are constitutional structural rearrangements that involve three or more chromosomes or that have more than two breakpoints. Case presentation Here, we describe a four-way CCR involving chromosomes 4, 5, 6 and 8. The patient had mild multisystematic abnormalities during his development, including defects in his eyes and teeth, exomphalos and asthenozoospermia. His wife had two spontaneous abortions during the first trimester. The translocations in 4q27, 5q22, 6q22.3, and 8p11.2 were diagnosed by conventional cytogenetic analysis and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). After analysis using a SNP array, we defined three microdeletions, including 0.89 Mb on chromosome 4, 5.39 Mb on chromosome 5 and 0.43 Mb on chromosome 8. His mother had a chimera karyotype of 47, XXX[5]/45, X[4]/46, XX[91]; the other chromosomes were normal. After one cycle of in vitro fertility (IVF) treatment followed by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), they obtained two embryos, but neither was balanced. Conclusions The patient’s phenotype resulted from the CCR and microdeletion of chromosomes 4, 5 and 8. The couple decided to use artificial insemination by donor (AID) technology.

Kongsfjorden is known for its characteristic multi-layer water mass formed by the convergence of freshwaters from nearby glaciers and rivers and saline water from the Atlantic and Arctic. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column of Kongsfjorden was investigated and their potential sources were analyzed. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the surface seawater and river water were in the range of 33.4−79.8 ng/L (mean 48.5 ng/L) and 2.3−201.4 ng/L (mean 126.1 ng/L), respectively. Horizontally, PAHs were mainly concentrated around river estuaries and the glacier front in the dissolved phase. Vertically, the PAHs in the particulate phase followed surface-enrichment and depth-depletion patterns in most stations, with the maximum concentration found at 50 m depth in the central area of Kongsfjorden. The compositions of PAHs in seawater and rivers were similar, with two-ring and tricyclic PAHs comprising the majority of the dissolved and particulate phases. PAHs found in Kongsfjorden waters appeared to be derived from multiple sources such as petroleum and coal combustion. PAHs in the bay mouth of Kongsfjorden were mainly introduced by the West Spitsbergen Current and the Arctic waters, while in the inner bay, atmospheric deposition and local sources were the major contributors. The distribution of PAHs was mainly attributed to the suspended particulate distribution.

To investigate the influence of marine biological activity on aerosols, aerosol and seawater samples were collected over the Southern Ocean (43° S−70° S) and the Amundsen Sea (70° S−75° S) during the ANA06B cruise conducted in the austral summer of 2016 aboard the Korean icebreaker IBR/V Araon. Over the Southern Ocean, atmospheric methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentration was low (0.10 ± 0.002 µg m−3), whereas its concentration increased sharply up to 0.57 µg m−3 in the Amundsen Sea where Phaeocystis antarctica (P. antarctica), a producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was the dominant phytoplankton species. Unlike MSA, mean non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) concentration in the Amundsen Sea was comparable to that in the Southern Ocean, suggesting significant influences of marine biological activity on atmospheric sulfur species in the Amundsen Sea. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea varied from 0.048–0.16 µgC m−3 and 0.070–0.18 µgC m−3, with averages of 0.087 ± 0.038 µgC m−3 and 0.097 ± 0.038 µgC m−3, respectively. For water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), its mean concentrations over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea were 0.25 ± 0.13 µgC m−3 and 0.26 ± 0.10 µgC m−3, varying from 0.083–0.49 µgC m−3 and 0.12–0.38 µgC m−3, respectively. WIOC was the dominant organic carbon species in both the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, accounting for 73–75 % of total aerosol organic carbon. WSOC and WIOC were highly enriched in the submicron sea spray particles, especially in the Amundsen Sea where biological productivity was much higher than the Southern Ocean. In addition, the submicron WIOC concentration was quite related to the relative biomass of P. antarctica, suggesting that extracellular polysaccharide mucus produced by P. antarctica was a significant factor affecting atmospheric WIOC concentration in the Amundsen Sea. The fluorescence properties of WSOC investigated using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) revealed that protein-like components were dominant in our marine aerosol samples, representing 69–91 % of the total intensity. Protein-like components also showed positive relationships with the relative biomass of diatoms; however, they were negatively correlated with the relative biomass of P. antarctica. These results suggest that protein-like components are most likely produced as a result of biological processes of diatoms, which play a crucial role in forming the submicron WSOC observed over the Southern Ocean and the Amundsen Sea, and that phytoplankton community structure is a significant factor affecting atmospheric organic carbon species. The results from this study provide significant new observational data on biogenically-derived sulfur and organic carbon species in the Amundsen Sea.

The importance of vocabulary teaching is self-evident. Yet, the present English vocabulary teaching model is still far more traditional than modern because of the inadequacy of education revolution. The flipped classroom teaching model brings a new horizon to the field of vocabulary teaching. This paper takes the freshmen in the English department of a college in northern part of China as the main body of research analyzes the results of the experimental vocabulary teaching and gets the conclusion that the flipped classroom teaching model promotes English vocabulary teaching outcomes.

Eleven organophosphate esters (OPEs) in air and seawater were investigated from the Northwestern Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. The concentration of Σ11OPEs in air and seawater ranged from 231.56 to 1884.25 pg/m3 and from 8.47 to 143.45 ng/L, respectively. Halogenated OPEs dominated in both two media. The slight decreasing trend was observed for OPEs in gaseous air, no obvious trend for particle-bound OPEs and in seawater. The net air-seawater exchange flux ranged from −792.68 to 590.29 pg/m2/day. The dry deposition flux ranged from 16.4 to 185 ng/m2/day with high value observed at the Bering Strait (64.70 ng/m2/day). The relationship between temperature and OPEs particle-bound fractions suggests that temperature might be a driving factor of OPEs long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). This research highlighted that OPEs are subject to LRAT from the Asian continent to the northwestern Pacific and Arctic Oceans and demonstrated the “sink” in polar regions of OPEs atmospheric transportation.

Colon cancer classification has a significant guidance value in clinical diagnoses and medical prognoses. The classification of colon cancers with high accuracy is the premise of efficient treatment. Our task is to build a system for colon cancer detection and classification based on slide histopathological images. Some former researches focus on single label classification. Through analyzing large amount of colon cancer images, we found that one image may contain cancer regions of multiple types. Therefore, we reformulated the task as multi-label problem. Four kinds of features (Color Histogram, Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Euler number) were introduced to compose our discriminative feature set, extracted from our dataset that includes six single categories and four multi-label categories. In order to evaluate the performance and make comparison with our multi-label model, three commonly used multi-classification methods were designed in our experiment including one-against-all SVM (OAA), one-against-one SVM (OAO) and multi-structure SVM. Four indicators (Precision, Recall, F-measure, and Accuracy) under 3-fold cross-validation were used to validate the performance of our approach. Experiment results show that the precision, recall and F-measure of multi-label method as 73.7%, 68.2%, and 70.8% with all features, which are higher than the other three classifiers. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method on colon histopathological images analysis.

Background: Pharmaceuticals are known to contaminate tap water worldwide, but the relevant human health risks have not been assessed in China. Objectives: We monitored 32 pharmaceuticals in Chinese tap water and evaluated the life-long human health risks of exposure in order to provide information for future prioritization and risk management. Methods: We analyzed samples (n = 113) from 13 cities and compared detected concentrations with existing or newly-derived safety levels for assessing risk quotients (RQs) at different life stages, excluding the prenatal stage. Results: We detected 17 pharmaceuticals in 89% of samples, with most detectable concentrations (92%) at < 50 ng/L. Caffeine (median–maximum, nanograms per liter: 24.4–564), metronidazole (1.8–19.3), salicylic acid (16.6–41.2), clofibric acid (1.2–3.3), carbamazepine (1.3–6.7), and dimetridazole (6.9–14.7) were found in ≥ 20% of samples. Cities within the Yangtze River region and Guangzhou were regarded as contamination hot spots because of elevated levels and frequent positive detections. Of the 17 pharmaceuticals detected, 13 showed very low risk levels, but 4 (i.e., dimetridazole, thiamphenicol, sulfamethazine, and clarithromycin) were found to have at least one life-stage RQ ≥ 0.01, especially for the infant and child life stages, and should be considered of high priority for management. We propose an indicator-based monitoring framework for providing information for source identification, water treatment effectiveness, and water safety management in China. Conclusion: Chinese tap water is an additional route of human exposure to pharmaceuticals, particularly for dimetridazole, although the risk to human health is low based on current toxicity data. Pharmaceutical detection and application of the proposed monitoring framework can be used for water source protection and risk management in China and elsewhere.

A fungal strain, Penicillium chrysogenum A096, was isolated from an Arctic sediment sample. Its culture supernatant inhibited mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. After saturation of P. chrysogenum A096 culture supernatant with ammonium sulfate and ion exchange chromatography, a novel antifungal protein (Pc-Arctin) was purified and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS). The gene encoding for Pc-Arctin consisting of 195 nucleotides was cloned from P. chrysogenum A096 to confirm the mass spectrometry result. Pc-Arctin displays antifungal activity against Paecilomyces variotii, Alternaria longipes, and Trichoderma viride at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 24, 48, and 192 ng/disc, respectively. Pc-Arctin was most sensitive to proteinase K and then to trypsin but insensitive to papain. Pc-Arctin possesses high thermostability and cannot be antagonized by common surfactants, except for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Divalent ions, such as Mn(2+), Mg(2+), and Zn(2+), inhibited the antifungal activity of Pc-Arctin. Hemagglutination assays showed that Pc-Arctin had no hemagglutinating or hemolytic activity against red blood cells (RBC) from rabbits, rats, and guinea pigs. Therefore, Pc-Arctin from Arctic P. chrysogenum may represent a novel antifungal protein with potential for application in controlling plant pathogenic fungal infection.

The contamination status of the marine environment in Hong Kong was studied by measuring concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pollutants (i.e., hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, total heptachlor, total chlordane, total DDTs, total PCBs, and total toxaphenes) in the eggs of selected waterbird species from different locations around the city: Little Egret ( Egretta garzetta ) and Chinese Pond Heron ( Ardeola bacchus ) from Mai Po Village, Great Egret ( Ardea alba ) and Black-crowned Night Heron ( Nycticorax nycticorax ) from A Chau, and Chinese Pond Heron ( A. bacchus) from Ho Sheung Heung. The mean concentrations of total PCBs and total DDTs ranged from 191–11 100 ng g −1 lipid and 453–49 000 ng g −1 lipid, respectively. Recent exposure of waterbirds to technical chlordane was found in Hong Kong. The risk characterization demonstrated potential risks to birds associated with exposure to DDE, which was found to cause a reduction in survival of young in Hong Kong Ardeids based on the endpoint in the risk assessment.

Surface sediments from remote lakes and coastal areas from Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Relatively high levels of PAHs were encountered from several lakes from Ny-Alesund, which were within the range of levels reported for European high mountain lakes and some urban/industrialized areas in the world, pointing to the role of remote Arctic lakes as potential reservoir of semi-volatile organic compounds. Specific patterns of PBDEs were observed, showing higher concentrations of lower brominated compounds such as BDE-7, 17 and 28. Estimated surface sediment fluxes of PAHs in Ny-Alesund remote lakes were similar to those observed for some European high mountain lakes. The current PAH levels in sediments from three lakes exceeded Canadian sediment quality guidelines, suggesting the presence of possible risks for aquatic organisms and the need for further studies.

To analyze the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and evaluate their potential ecological risks, the concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in 43 surface sediment samples from the Bering Sea and western Arctic Ocean. Total PAH (tPAH) concentrations ranged from 36.95 to 150.21 ng/g (dry weight). In descending order, the surface sediment tPAH concentrations were as follows: Canada Basin>northern Chukchi Sea>Chukchi Basin>southern Chukchi Sea>Aleutian Basin>Makarov Basin>Bering Sea shelf. The Bering Sea and western Arctic Ocean mainly received PAHs of pyrogenic origin due to pollution caused by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. The concentrations of PAHs in the sediments of the study areas did not exceed effects range low (ERL) values.

Colon cancer classification has a significant guidance value in clinical diagnoses and medical prognoses. The classification of colon cancers with high accuracy is the premise of efficient treatment. Our task is to build a system for colon cancer detection and classification based on slide histopathological images. Some former researches focus on single label classification. Through analyzing large amount of colon cancer images, we found that one image may contain cancer regions of multiple types. Therefore, we reformulated the task as multi-label problem. Four kinds of features (Color Histogram, Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Euler number) were introduced to compose our discriminative feature set, extracted from our dataset that includes six single categories and four multi-label categories. In order to evaluate the performance and make comparison with our multi-label model, three commonly used multi-classification methods were designed in our experiment including one-against-all SVM (OAA), one-against-one SVM (OAO) and multi-structure SVM. Four indicators (Precision, Recall, F-measure, and Accuracy) under 3-fold cross-validation were used to validate the performance of our approach. Experiment results show that the precision, recall and F-measure of multi-label method as 73.7%, 68.2%, and 70.8% with all features, which are higher than the other three classifiers. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method on colon histopathological images analysis.

To investigate the clinical characteristics of different categories of sex-reversed 46,XX individuals and their relationships with chromosomal karyotype and the SRY gene.Chromosome karyotyping for peripheral blood culture and multi-PCR and FISH were performed.Endocrinological data showed that their endocrine hormone levels were similar to that observed for Klinefelter syndrome, with higher FSH and LH levels and lower T levels. Chromosome karyotyping for peripheral blood culture revealed 46, XX complement for 11 males. Molecular studies showed that there were locus deletions at SY84, SY86, SY127, SY134, SY254 and SY255 in AZF on chromosome Y in 9 cases, with the SRY gene present at the terminus of the X chromosome short arm. In one case, besides 6 locus deletions in AZF, there was also SRY gene deletion. In another case, there were locus deletions only at SY254 and SY255, with SY84, SY86, SY127 SY134 loci and SRY present.The majority (10/11) of 46,XX males were SRY positive, with the SRY gene translocated into the terminus of the X chromosome short arm. These patients were caused mainly by an X/Y chromosomal inter-change during paternal meiosis, leading to the differentiation of primary gonads into testes. Only a single patient (1/11) was SRY-negative, in which there might be some unknown downstream genes involved in sex determination.

Introduction: Colon cancer is one of the major reasons of cancer-related deaths, whereas both the traditional and the current methods are complex to conduct. Materials and Methods: This paper presents a simple and effective approach for colon cancer detection by classifying cancer and non-cancer colon images based on computer assisted diagnosis. A classifier is developed using SVM, which has excellent performance in practice. Eighteen simple features, including grayscale mean, gray-scale variance and 16 texture features extracted by Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method, are chosen as the feature set. Results: In order to evaluate the accuracy of our classification, we calculate precision, recall and F-measure of different classifiers produced by using different feature combinations. And 3-fold cross-validation is applied. Three indicators precision, recall and F-measure are used to describe the performance of our system. Experiment results show that: when all features are used, the mean value of precision, recall and F-measure are 96.67% 83.33% 89.51% respectively. Discussion: These results demonstrate the great advantage of the method on colonic histopathology images’ classification. The simple and efficient method will have great contributions on colon cancer detection.