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Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has become a new therapeutic option for primary renal cell carcinoma. However, treatment doses lack consistency in the literature. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose for renal cancer SBRT.This phase 1 multicentric dose-escalation study assessed 4 dose levels: 8 Gy × 4, 8 Gy × 5, 10 Gy × 4, and 12 Gy × 4. The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximal tolerated dose, defined by the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicity was defined as any acute side effect of grade ≥4 based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Averse Events, version 4.0.From October 2010 to September 2017, 13 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 23 months. There was no dose-limiting toxicity in our study, and the highest dose was reached successfully. No acute or late toxic effects above grade 2 were seen. There was no significant alteration of renal function after treatment. At 24 months, 2 patients had partial response and the others had stable disease.After 24 months of follow-up, no dose-limiting toxicity was seen at any of the prescribed dose levels in our study. The findings suggest that our last dose level of 48 Gy in 4 12-Gy fractions can be considered safe and can be used in further studies.

Background Delay in treatment is a prognostic factor in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Objective To evaluate clinical outcomes associated with delays in diagnosis and treatment for patients with non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Design, setting, and participants In this retrospective study we analyzed data for patients treated at our center between November 2008 and December 2016 for intermediate risk (IR) or high risk (HR) NMIBC with an additional intravesical treatment. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Time delays from diagnosis to first transurethral resection (TT-TUR), from resection to restaging resection (TT-reTUR), and from the last resection to first instillation (TT-INST) of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or mitomycin C (MMC) were documented. To identify the interval of time from which recurrence rates significantly increased, we used nonparametric series regression. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival for patients in each time delay category were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors associated with tumor recurrence were analyzed in a multivariable model. Results and limitations A total of 434 patients were included, of whom 168 (38.7%) had IR and 266 (61.3%) had HR NMIBC. Among the patients, 34.6% had reTUR, 63.6% received BCG, and 36.4% received MMC. The median TT-TUR, TT-reTUR, and TT-INST was 4.0 wk, 6.5 wk, and 7.0 wk, respectively. At 40 mo the rate of recurrence was 28.4% and the rate of progression was 7.3%. Nonparametric analysis revealed that each week in delay increased the risk of recurrence, starting from week 6 for TT-TUR for IR and HR cases, and starting from week 7 for TT-INST for IR cases. RFS was significantly lower with TT-TUR > 6 wk among patients in the IR (p 7 wk for patients in the IR group (p = 0.001). TT-reTUR >7 wk had a significant negative impact on progression (p 6 wk (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03) were independent predictors of recurrence, while TT-INST >7 wk predicted recurrence (p = 0.04) for IR NMIBC. Conclusions Our results suggest that delays of >6 wk to first TUR in IR and HR NMIBC, and >7 wk to first instillation in IR cases are associated with increases in the risk of recurrence. TT-reTUR of >7 wk is also associated with higher risk of progression. Patient summary We evaluated the impact of treatment delays on outcomes for patients with intermediate- and high-risk bladder cancer not invading the bladder wall muscle. We found that delays from diagnosis to first bladder resection, from first resection to repeat resection, and from last resection to bladder instillation treatment increase the rates of cancer recurrence and progression. The medical team should avoid delays in treatment, even for low-grade bladder cancer.

The generation of antibodies against donor-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, a type of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs), after transplantation requires that recipient’s allospecific B cells receive help from T cells. The current dogma holds that this help is exclusively provided by the recipient’s CD4+T cells that recognize complexes of recipient’s MHC II molecules and peptides derived from donor-specific MHC alloantigens, a process called indirect allorecognition. Here, we demonstrated that, after allogeneic heart transplantation, CD3ε knockout recipient mice lacking T cells generate a rapid, transient wave of switched alloantibodies, predominantly directed against MHC I molecules. This is due to the presence of donor CD4+T cells within the graft that recognize intact recipient’s MHC II molecules expressed by B cell receptor–activated allospecific B cells. Indirect evidence suggests that this inverted direct pathway is also operant in patients after transplantation. Resident memory donor CD4+T cells were observed in perfusion liquids of human renal and lung grafts and acquired B cell helper functions upon in vitro stimulation. Furthermore, T follicular helper cells, specialized in helping B cells, were abundant in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of lung and intestinal grafts. In the latter, more graft-derived passenger T cells correlated with the detection of donor T cells in recipient’s circulation; this, in turn, was associated with an early transient anti–MHC I DSA response and worse transplantation outcomes. We conclude that this inverted direct allorecognition is a possible explanation for the early transient anti-MHC DSA responses frequently observed after lung or intestinal transplantations.

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of expanded criteria donors (ECD) on urinary complications in kidney transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS The UriNary Complications Of Renal Transplant (UNyCORT) is a cohort study based on the French prospective Donnees Informatisees et VAlidees en Transplantation/Computerized and VAlidated Data in Transplantation (DIVAT) cohort. Data were extracted between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2018 with 1-year minimum follow-up, in relation to 44 pre- and postoperative variables. ECD status was included according to United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) definition. The primary outcome of the UNyCORT study was the association between the donor's ECD/standard criteria donors (SCD) status and urinary complications at 1 year in uni- and multivariate analysis. Sub-group analysis, stratified analysis on ECD/SCD donor's status and transplant failure analysis were then conducted. RESULTS Between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2018, 10 279 kidney transplants in adult recipients were recorded within the DIVAT network. A total of 8559 (83.4%) donors were deceased donors and 1699 (16.6%) were living donors (LD). Among donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors, 224 (2.85%) were uncontrolled DCD and 93 (1.09%) were controlled DCD donors. A total of 3617 (43.9%) deceased donors were ECD. The overall urological complication rate was 16.26%. The donor's ECD status was significantly associated with an increased risk of urological complications at 1 year in multivariate analysis (odds ratio: 1.50, 95% CI 1.31-1.71; P

Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) is a promising procurement strategy. However, a detailed analysis of graft utilization rates is lacking. This retrospective study included all cDCD donors proposed to a single center for NRP procurement of at least one abdominal organ from 2015 to 2020. Utilization rates were defined as the proportion of transplanted grafts from proposed donors in which withdrawal of life sustaining therapies (WLST) was initiated. In total, 125 cDCD donors underwent WLST with transplantation of at least one graft from 109 (87%) donors. In a total of 14 (11%) procedures NRP failure led to graft discard. Utilization rates for kidney and liver grafts were 83% and 59%, respectively. In 44% of the discarded livers, the reason was poor graft quality based on functional donor warm ischemia >45 min, macroscopic aspect, high-transaminases release, or pathological biopsy. In this study, abdominal NRP in cDCD lead to transplantation of at least one graft in the majority of cases. While the utilization rate for kidneys was high, nearly half of the liver grafts were discarded. Cannulation training, novel graft viability markers, and ex-vivo liver graft perfusion may allow to increase graft utilization.

Purpose:We sought to report the preliminary results of salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound for locally recurrent prostate cancer in the prostatic bed after radical prostatectomy and adjuvant ...

Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) is used for "extended criteria" donors with poorer kidney transplant outcomes. The French cDCD program started in 2015 and is characterized by normothermic regional perfusion, hypothermic machine perfusion, and short cold ischemia time. We compared the outcomes of kidney transplantation from cDCD and brain-dead (DBD) donors, matching cDCD and DBD kidney transplants by propensity scoring for donor and recipient characteristics. The matching process retained 442 of 499 cDCD and 809 of 6185 DBD transplantations. The DGF rate was 20% in cDCD recipients compared with 28% in DBD recipients (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.82). When DBD transplants were ranked by cold ischemia time and machine perfusion use and compared with cDCD transplants, the aRR of DGF was higher for DBD transplants without machine perfusion, regardless of the cold ischemia time (aRR with cold ischemia time18 h, 1.57; 95% CI 1.20-2.03, vs aRR with cold ischemia time ≥18 h, 1.79; 95% CI 1.31-2.44). The 1-year graft survival rate was similar in both groups. Early outcome was better for kidney transplants from cDCD than from matched DBD transplants with this French protocol.

Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) and Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) are novel techniques for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH-LUTS). The objective of this study was to describe and compare the functional results and complications of these two techniques at one year follow-up.We performed a retrospective, monocentric study of all patients consecutively treated in our center with HoLEP or PAE for symptomatic or complicated BPH between January 2016 and December 2019. Data regarding patient and perioperative characteristics, follow-up biological results, functional questionnaires and uroflowmetry were collected from medical records.A total of 490 and 57 patients were treated with HoLEP and PAE, respectively. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. The operative time was significantly higher for PAE (p 0.001) and hospitalization time longer after HoLEP (p = 0.0006). The urinary catheterization time was longer after PAE (p 0.001). The prostatic volume treated was higher with HoLEP than with PAE (56% versus 26%, p 0.001). The mean difference in IPSS from baseline to 12 months was significantly higher after HoLEP than after PAE: - 17.58 versus - 8 (p 0.001). The mean difference in QoL-IPSS from baseline to 12 months was significantly higher after HoLEP: - 4.09 versus - 2.27 (p 0.001). The rate of postoperative adverse events in the first three months was similar between the two groups:35% after HoLEP and 33% after PAE (p = 0.88).HoLEP and PAE both significantly improved BPH-LUTS, with HoLEP having an advantage over PAE.

Resume Objectif Le but du Comite de transplantation de l’association francaise d’urologie est de proposer des recommandations pour la prise en charge du carcinome a cellules renales du rein natif (CCRN) chez le receveur d’un transplant renal et du carcinome a cellules renales (CCR) du patient malade renal chronique terminal (MRCT) candidat a une transplantation renale (TR). Methode Une revue d’approche systematique de la litterature (Medline) a ete conduite par le CTAFU concernant l’epidemiologie, le diagnostic et le traitement du CCRN chez le receveur d’un transplant renal et du CCR chez le MRCT en evaluant les references et leur niveau de preuve. Resultats L’incidence standardisee du CCR chez le MRCT est 4,5 fois superieure a la population generale. Le CCRN concernerait 1 a 3 % des patients transplantes avec un risque 10 a 15 fois plus eleve que la population generale. Ce risque est majore en cas de maladie renale multi-kystique acquise. Les differentes series s’accordent sur l’interet d’une imagerie annuelle de l’appareil urinaire natif par echographie. Le traitement du CCR chez le MRCT et du CCRN chez le transplante renale repose sur une prise en charge chirurgicale par nephrectomie elargie par voie ouverte ou cœlioscopie. La surveillance est une option valide pour les tumeurs kystiques ou de petite taille. La prise en charge des formes localisees ne necessite aucune modification dans le traitement de fond immunosuppresseur sauf pour les patients sous inhibiteurs de mTOR compte tenu des donnees montrant un taux plus eleve de complications chirurgicales. Le CTAFU ne recommande pas de delai de carence apres traitement d’un CCR localise chez un patient MRCT et candidat a une transplantation renale si la tumeur est de stade Conclusion Ces recommandations francaises doivent contribuer a ameliorer la prise en charge du CCRN chez le patient transplante renal et CCR chez le candidat a une transplantation renale en integrant les objectifs oncologiques dans le contexte de transplantation renale.

Resume Objectif Proposer des recommandations chirurgicales pour la nephrectomie dans le cadre d’un don de rein pour transplantation. Methode Une revue de la litterature (Medline) avec approche systematique a ete conduite par le CTAFU concernant les elements d’evaluation fonctionnelle et anatomique du candidat au don, les options dans le choix du rein a prelever et des differentes techniques chirurgicales, en evaluant les references et leur niveau de preuve. Resultats Les recommandations precisent le cadre legal et reglementaire du don de rein. Une evaluation de qualite du candidat au don est un des prerequis indispensable a la securite du donneur qui est une priorite absolue. L’impact de la nephrectomie sur la fonction renale doit etre evalue. En cas de vascularisation modale des deux reins sans difference relative de fonction ni anomalie urologique, le rein gauche doit etre preleve afin d’avoir une veine plus longue. Les techniques chirurgicales de nephrectomie mini-invasives ont pour avantages une recuperation plus rapide, une hospitalisation plus courte et une diminution des douleurs pour le donneur. Ces techniques mini-invasives doivent etre proposees a la place d’une voie incisionnelle ouverte. Conclusion Ces recommandations francaises doivent contribuer a ameliorer la prise en charge chirurgicale des patients candidats a un don de rein.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Partial nephrectomy (PN) has progressively replaced radical nephrectomy (RN) whenever feasible for renal tumors. However, its effects on renal outcomes are less known in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or with solitary kidney (SK). We aimed to assess renal and major clinical outcomes after PN or RN in patients with moderate to severe CKD or SK. METHOD We included all surgical procedures conducted between 2013 and 2018 in the Hospices Civils de Lyon, in patients with last pre-operative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) RESULTS We included 173 procedures (67 RN and 79 PN on CKD patients, 27 PN on SK patients). Patients undergoing RN were older, had bigger tumors and higher T stages on TNM classification. Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD stages were not different between the groups. One year after surgery, PN was associated with less occurrence of the main composite outcome compared to RN (42.9% versus 70.7%, P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for the main outcome were postoperative AKI (no AKI as reference; AKI stage 1 odds ratio (OR) = 8.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.23–23.33; AKI stage 2 OR = 23.50, 95% CI 2.33–236.51; AKI stage 3 OR = 28.87, 95% CI 4.77–167.61) and bigger tumor size (OR = 1.21/cm, 95% CI 1.02–1.45), while preoperative eGFR was not (Table 1). Compared to pre-operative values, eGFR significantly decreased both after RN or PN 1 month after surgery (eGFR loss -12mL/min 1.73m² after RN P < 0.001, −3mL/min/1.73m² after PN, P < 0.05) and this decrease remained stable 1 year after surgery (eGFR loss -11mL/min/1.73m² after RN, P < 0.001, −3mL/min/1.73m² after PN, P < 0.05), but renal function was better preserved after PN than after RN at 1 month (P < 0.05) or 1 year (P < 0.01) (Figure 1). CONCLUSION In moderate to severe CKD patients, PN was associated with less risk of CKD progression or major cardio-vascular event or death 1 year after surgery, compared to RN. Postoperative AKI was the major determinant of clinical and renal outcomes.

Living donor nephrectomy is a high-stake procedure involving healthy individuals, therefore every effort should be made to define each patient’s individualized risk and improve potential donors’ information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score, an imaging-based score initially designed to estimate the risk of adherent perinephric fat in partial nephrectomy, to predict intra- and postoperative complications of living donor nephrectomy. We retrospectively reviewed the imaging, clinical, and follow-up data of 452 kidney donors who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in two academic centers. Imaging and follow-up data were available for 307 kidney donors, among which 44 (14%) had a high MAP score (≥ 3). Intraoperative difficulties were encountered in 50 patients (16%), including difficult dissection (n = 35) and bleeding (n = 17). Conversion to open surgery was required for 13 patients (4.2%). On multivariate analysis, a MAP score ≥ 3 was significantly associated with the risk of intraoperative difficulty [OR 14.12 (5.58–35.7), p

Upper extremity allotransplantation (UEA) is the more common type of vascularized composite allotransplantation of which more than 80 patients have benefited worldwide. These allografts include - along with the skin - the nail unit, a specialized epithelial appendage which may be the target of graft rejection. We report an UEA recipient who developed, as an initial manifestation of graft rejection, onychomadesis, that is shedding of the nail plate starting from the proximal nail bed. On this occasion, we reviewed the nail changes we have observed in a series of eight patients with UEA who were grafted and followed in our hospital since 1998 (mean follow-up period of 9.75 years). We also reviewed the relevant literature reporting nail changes in UEA recipients. A brief discussion on the significance of these changes in the context of UEA is provided with emphasis on onychomadesis, a finding usually related to graft rejection in this specific setting.

Background This national multicentre retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of dual kidney transplantation (DKT) and compare them with those obtained from single kidney transplantation (SKT). Methods Our first analysis concerned all first transplants performed between May 2002 and December 2014, from marginal donors, defined as brain death donors older than 65 years, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) lower than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The second analysis was restricted to transplants adequately allocated according to the French DKT program based on donor eGFR: DKT for eGFR between 30 and 60, SKT for eGFR between 60 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Recipients younger than 65 years or with a panel-reactive antibody percentage ≥25% were excluded. Results The first analysis included 461 DKT and 1131 SKT. DKT donors were significantly older (77.6 versus 74 years), had a more frequent history of hypertension and a lower eGFR (55.1 versus 63.6 mL/min/1.73 m2). While primary nonfunction and delayed graft function did not differ between SKT and DKT, 1-year eGFR was lower in SKT recipients (39 versus 49 mL/min/1.73 m2, P Conclusions In a context of organ shortage, DKT is a good option for optimizing the use of kidneys from very expanded criteria donors.

Introduction: The clinical significance of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is not clear, even though their occurrence has been reported by several teams. The aim of the present multicenterc study was to assess the incidence of DSAs in upper extremity (UET) and face transplanted patients and their influence on patient outcomes.Methods and Results: Pre- and post-transplantation sera of 37 patients (23 UET, 13 face transplantations and 1 simultaneous UET and face transplantation) were screened in a single laboratory using a solid phase assay. The recipients included 29 men and 8 women, median age was 33 years. Their immunosuppressive treatment, number of HLA mismatches, number of acute rejection (AR) episodes with Banff score, occurrence of graft vasculopathy, chronic rejection and graft loss were collected. In addition, the histological impact of DSA was studied in a small cohort of these patients. For each patient from our cohort with de novo DSA, we randomly selected 2 biopsies taken before and 3 biopsies after the appearance of DSA. DSA were detected in 43.2% of the recipients (16/37), including 6 patients who had presented preformed DSA. The intensity of recipient humoral alloimmune response was estimated using the MFI of positive beads in solid-phase assay. This showed variability both among recipients and among the different DSA specificities of the same patient. From an overall perspective, the alloimmune response was not very strong (median MFI 1413). Donor and recipient age and gender as well as the immunosuppressive treatment were not statistically different between the recipients who developed DSA and those who did not do it. Interesting the number of AR and Banff score did not influence DSA occurrence. No significant correlation between the presence of DSA and chronic rejection, graft vasculopathy or graft loss was found. Five patients with DSA developed chronic rejection and 4 of them graft vasculopathy. In addition, 2 recipients with DSA experienced several episodes of atypical rejections. Longitudinal assessment showed that almost all preformed DSA disappear over time and almost 50% of de novo DSA also in those patients who developed chronic rejection and/or graft vasculopathy with graft loss. There were 5 cases of graft loss and 3 of which had developed DSA during their follow-up. The histopathological study performed on skin sections obtained after the appearance of DSA (routinely-stained and immunolabelled for CD34) did not show significant influx of inflammatory cells into the dermal capillaries endothelial, cell swelling, or microthrombosis.Conclusion: The study confirms that VCA is a sensitizing event for recipients. However, the evolution of DSA over time seems rather heterogeneous. Pre-formed DSAs tend to disappear rapidly and potentially no longer be deleterious, contrary to de novo DSA whose evolution and pathogenicity remain to be elucidated. Longer follow-up will allow to better assess the outcomes of the patients who developed DSA.

International audience; M101 is an extracellular hemoglobin isolated from a marine lugworm and is present in the medical device HEMO2 life®. The clinical investigation OXYOP was a paired kidney analysis (n = 60) designed to evaluate the safety and performance of HEMO2 life® used as an additive to preservation solution in renal transplantation. The secondary efficacy endpoints showed less delayed graft function (DGF) and better renal function in the HEMO2 life® group but due to the study design cold ischemia time (CIT) was longer in the contralateral kidneys.

M101 is an extracellular hemoglobin isolated from a marine lugworm and is present in the medical device HEMOAn additional analysis was conducted including OXYOP patients and patients from the ASTRE database (n = 6584) to verify that the decrease in DGF rates observed in the HEMOKaplan-Meier estimate curves confirmed the existence of a relation between DGF and CIT and Cox analysis showed a benefit in the HEMOThe present study suggested that the better recovery of renal function observed among kidneys preserved with HEMO

Only three laryngeal transplants have been described in the literature to date, and none of the techniques has enabled a completely satisfactory functional result to be obtained. This article presents a new model of laryngeal transplantation, with quality of revascularisation of the transplant being the principal objective and optimisation of the various steps of the procedure, with the integration of a new reinnervation technique as a secondary objective. We present a preclinical animal study. Three pig larynges removed in vivo underwent allotransplantation according to the same protocol. The quality of the revascularisation was examined immediately after the surgery as well as by endoscopy for one animal on the fourth day after the operation. The mean time of cold ischaemia was 3 h 15 min. The anaesthetic tolerance of the pigs was excellent. Revascularisation was achieved and judged to be excellent for the three transplants immediately after the operation and the endoscopy performed for one pig on the fourth day after the operation confirmed this result. The anatomical similarities also enabled the application and integration of an innovative technique of laryngeal reinnervation into the various phases of the operation. We describe a reliable and reproducible animal model for laryngeal transplantation. Its application in humans can be envisaged.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency (micturition symptoms, continence, erection) and safety of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) with a single composite score (the Hexafecta score) one year postprocedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective study including all patients who had undergone HoLEP for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) between May 2013 and August 2017. Data were obtained preoperatively and at the 6- and 12-month visits. We also reported all 90-day complications. The Hexafecta score included 6 criteria: peak urine flow of at least 15ml/s, 30% reduction in International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) score, quality of life via the IPSS less than 2, no incontinence (International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire), no significant change in erectile function (International Index of Erectile Function), and no grade III or more complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-five patients were included, of whom 197 (83.8%) completed the 12-month visit. Complete data were available to assess the Hexafecta score for 178 of them (75.7%). Most of the missing data were for uroflowmetry and the erectile function assessment. Hundred three patients (58%) met all 6 criteria, while 45 (25%) met 5 of them. None were retreated for BPH in the follow-up period. The de novo incontinence rate was 4.1%. CONCLUSION The Hexafecta score is a simple, transversal method for comprehensively evaluating functional outcomes after HoLEP surgery. Such an evaluation could be used to compare other types of procedures for BPH treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.

Resume Introduction Devant un axe aortoiliaque tres calcifie, la transplantation renale avec implantation de l’artere sur prothese vasculaire peut etre proposee. Cette intervention rare est reputee difficile et morbide. L’objectif principal de ce travail a ete d’evaluer la survie globale et specifique du transplant implante sur une prothese vasculaire. L’objectif secondaire a ete l’etude des complications et de l’evolution de la fonction renale du transplant. Materiel et methodes A partir d’un recueil retrospectif multicentrique de donnees issues de la cohorte DIVAT (6 centres) augmente des donnees de 4 autres centres, nous avons etudie les transplantations renales avec anastomose arterielle sur prothese. Resultats Trente quatre patients ont ete inclus. La duree mediane de suivi a ete de 2 ans et demi. Quatre patients sont decedes dans le mois suivant la transplantation, 16 ont ete hemodialyses et 9 transfuses. La mediane de survie du transplant a ete de 212 jours. Les arrets de fonction du transplant sont majoritairement associes a une degradation nephrologique et a un retour en dialyse (80 %) alors que 10 % sont lies a un deces du receveur directement imputable a la transplantation renale. Les complications chirurgicales de la transplantation ont ete marquees par 1 stenose arterielle, 1 fistule et 4 stenoses urinaires. Conclusion La transplantation renale avec anastomose arterielle sur prothese vasculaire, chez des patients selectionnes, offre une alternative a la dialyse. Un recueil national des patients transplantes sur prothese vasculaires permettrait un suivi a long terme de la survie du transplant afin de definir des criteres de selection pre-operatoire. Niveau de preuve 3.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound (S-HIFU) for locally recurrent prostate cancer after low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical phase II studies (2003-2015) included 50 consecutive patients with post-brachytherapy local recurrence treated by S-HIFU. S-HIFU was performed with post-external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) parameters and, since 2008, with specific post-brachytherapy parameters. Treatments were whole-gland ablation and, since 2009, hemi-ablation in cases of unilateral prostate cancer. The primary objective was to assess oncological outcomes: treatment failure-free survival, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) rates. The secondary objective was to evaluate adverse events, continence, and erectile function. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated oncological outcomes. RESULTS In all, 13 patients were treated with post-EBRT parameters, 37 with post-brachytherapy parameters, 35 with whole-gland treatment, and 15 with hemi-ablation. The median follow-up was 4.6 years. After S-HIFU, the median prostate-specific antigen level was 0.3 ng/mL. At 6 years, treatment failure-free survival, PFS, OS, CSS, and MFS rates were 41%, 45%, 93%, 98%, and 80%, respectively. Post-brachytherapy compared with post-EBRT parameters reduced Grade 2-3 incontinence (34% vs 62%, P = 0.015). Incontinence, bladder outlet obstruction and Grade ≥III complications were significantly reduced with hemi-ablation compared with whole-gland treatment (14% vs 54%, P

Resume Introduction La rachianesthesie en urologie ambulatoire est controversee (duree d’hospitalisation, risque de retention). L’objectif principal etait d’evaluer la rachianesthesie en ambulatoire et comparer 2 anesthesiques locaux secondairement. Materiel Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective monocentrique incluant tous les patients operes en chirurgie ambulatoire urologique sous rachianesthesie entre decembre 2011 et mai 2015, repartis en deux groupes selon l’anesthesique local utilise : bupivacaine (BP) et chloroprocaine (CP). Les variables quantitatives etaient comparees par test t de Student, les variables qualitatives par test de χ 2 . Resultats Soixante-quinze patients inclus dont 71 (95 %) sortis le meme jour. Les contre-indications de sortie etaient : patient seul a domicile(1), caillotage vesical(1), intolerance JJ(1), retard reprise mictionnelle(1). La duree moyenne d’acte etait de 27 ± 19 min, celle de SSPI de 55 ± 31 min, celle de sejour de 360 ± 91 min. Un total de 45 patients (60 %) ont recu de la BP et 30 (40 %) de la CP. La duree de sejour moyenne en SSPI etait significativement reduite dans le groupe CP (47 ± 24 min vs 61 ± 34 min, p = 0,04). Un patient a presente un retard mictionnel dans le groupe BP sans difference significative. Pas de difference significative pour les autres criteres etudies en dehors de l’âge moyen qui est plus eleve dans le groupe CP ( p = 0,02). Conclusion La rachianesthesie est adaptee a l’urologie ambulatoire sans augmenter le risque de retention urinaire, notamment avec la CP qui diminuerait la duree de sejour en SSPI comparee a la BP. Niveau de preuve 4.