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In this paper, we propose a method that uses the idea of decoupling and unites edge information for semantic segmentation. We build a new dual-stream CNN architecture that fully considers the interaction between the body and the edge of the object, and our method significantly improves the segmentation performance of small objects and object boundaries. The dual-stream CNN architecture mainly consists of a body-stream module and an edge-stream module, which process the feature map of the segmented object into two parts with low coupling: body features and edge features. The body stream warps the image features by learning the flow-field offset, warps the body pixels toward object inner parts, completes the generation of the body features, and enhances the object’s inner consistency. In the generation of edge features, the current state-of-the-art model processes information such as color, shape, and texture under a single network, which will ignore the recognition of important information. Our method separates the edge-processing branch in the network, i.e., the edge stream. The edge stream processes information in parallel with the body stream and effectively eliminates the noise of useless information by introducing a non-edge suppression layer to emphasize the importance of edge information. We validate our method on the large-scale public dataset Cityscapes, and our method greatly improves the segmentation performance of hard-to-segment objects and achieves state-of-the-art result. Notably, the method in this paper can achieve 82.6% mIoU on the Cityscapes with only fine-annotated data.

The Li metal anode is considered one of the most potential anodes due to its highest theoretical specific capacity and the lowest redox potential. However, the scalable preparation of safe Li anodes remains a challenge. In the present study, a LiF-rich protection layer has been developed using self-driven chemical reactions between the Li

A tunable continuous-wave (cw) Nd:YAG laser using a birefringent filter (BF) was performed at six different laser wavelengths of 1319, 1334, 1338, 1341, 1353 and 1356 nm based on the 4F3/2–4I13/2 transition. A highest output power of 4.64 W was achieved at an emission wavelength of 1319 nm with a slope efficiency of 29.8% with respect to the absorbed pump power. Moreover, by adjusting the rotation angle of the BF, a cw simultaneous dual-wavelength Nd:YAG laser operating at 1353 and 1356 nm was also demonstrated for the first time. At an absorbed pump power of 17.8 W, the maximum output power obtained at 1353 nm and 1356 nm is 262 mW and 520 mW, respectively.

The introduction of a dual-functional interlayer into lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) provides many opportunities for restraining the "shuttle effect" and enhancing sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Tuning the band structure of the metal sulfide provides an opportunity to enhance its catalytic activity, which plays an important role in suppressing the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in LSBs. Here were present a Co9S8@MoS2 core-shell heterostructure anchored to a carbon nanofiber (Co9S8@MoS2/CNF), developed as an interlayer for suppressing the shuttle effect of LiPSs. The fabricated composite heterostructure is determined to be an effective alternative material that combines the synergistic relationship between chemisorption and electrochemical catalysis. We find that the band structure of the MoS2 shell can be effectively tuned by the Co9S8 core and that the Co9S8@MoS2/CNF can capture the LiPSs, providing excellent catalytic ability to convert LiPSs into Li2S2, with subsequent transformation from Li2S2 to Li2S. Importantly, high capacities of 1002 and 986 mAh g-1 can be retained after 50 cycles with high-sulfur loadings of 6 and 10 mg cm-2. Our results highlight the design of an atomic-scale heterostructure as a multifunctional interlayer providing a synergistic relationship between adsorption and catalysis. The net result is an effective retardation of the shuttling of LiPSs and an enhancement of the electrochemical redox reactions of LiPSs. This work shows great promise toward the development of practical applications of LSBs.

To solve the problems of low speed and low efficiency of seed sorting, this study designs an efficient seed separation method. In this method, a vibrator is used to scatter the seeds and make them fall rapidly through parallel multi-tracks. The seeds are irradiated by a light source with a wavelength of 670 nm after passing through the identification area. The high-speed linear array camera takes photos of the irradiated seeds. The convolution neural network algorithm combining residual learning and attention mechanism is used to analyze and judge the maturity of the seeds. The algorithm model can effectively capture the characteristics of the seed photos and conduct efficient processing analysis and judgment, Finally, the low maturity seeds are blown away by an air compressor and blower to achieve rapid and efficient seed sorting. The test shows that the sorting speed can reach 50 particles/s and above, and the sorting accuracy can reach 96%.

We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, simultaneous continuous-wave red, green and blue laser operations in praseodymium-doped crystalline materials. At an absorbed pump power of 4.7 W (or 10 W of incident pump power), the maximum output power was 665 mW, which included 607 nm (red), 523 nm (green) and 479 nm (blue) three wavelengths, and the optical conversion efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 14.1%.

Aiming at the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio and weak imaging in infrared imaging of toxic and harmful gases, this paper proposes an algorithm for real-time enhancement of gas images based on the gain mask of the simplified kernel of the guided filter to improve the visual effects of gas infrared images. First, based on the gas movement between the two frames, the difference information between the two frames is amplified. Then, the differentially amplified image is decomposed into a detailed layer containing gas texture details and noise information and a base layer containing gas contour parts through a guided filter. The kernel of the guide filter is simplified to identify edges, textures and flat areas in the detail layer. A gain mask based on the guide filter simplification kernel is designed for the detail layer, which does not filter out the gas texture information and retains the edge information of the image while suppressing noise. Then the enhanced detail layer and the base layer are recombined to obtain an enhanced image. Finally, a segmentation algorithm based on the Gaussian mixture model is performed on the enhanced image to extract the gas area, and an adaptive connected domain is designed to remove misjudged front sights, so as to separate the gas area from the background. The experimental results show that the gas enhancement algorithm proposed in this paper can segment the gas area to a large extent, has strong robustness to the environment and exhibits good realtime performance.

Using polymer electrolytes with relatively high mechanical strength, enhanced safety, and excellent flexibility to replace the conventional liquid electrolytes is an effective strategy to curb the Li-dendrite growth in Li-metal batteries (LMBs). However, low ionic conductivity, unsatisfactory thermal stability, and narrow electrochemical window still hinder their applications. Here, we fabricate Li0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) nanofiber-enabled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with enhanced mechanical property and wide electrochemical window. The results show that 15 wt % of LLTO nanofibers synergize with PVDF, giving a flexible electrolyte membrane with significantly improved performance, such as high ionic conductivity (5.3 × 10-4 S cm-1), wide electrochemical window (5.1 V), high mechanical strength (stress 9.5 MPa, strain 341%), and good thermal stability (thermal degradation 410 °C). In addition, an all-solid-state Li-metal battery of sandwich-type LiFePO4/PVDF-CPE (15 wt % of LLTO)/Li delivers satisfactory cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. A reversible capacity of 121 mA h g-1 is delivered at 1 C after 100 cycles. This work exemplifies that the introduction of LLTO nanofibers can improve the electrochemical performances of PVDF-based CPEs used as electrolytes for all-solid-state LMBs.

The introduction of a dual-functional interlayer into lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) provides many opportunities for restraining the "shuttle effect" and enhancing sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Tuning the band structure of the metal sulfide provides an opportunity to enhance its catalytic activity, which plays an important role in suppressing the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in LSBs. Here were present a Co

Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR), especially surfactant injection, has recently received a great deal of attention. Proper selection of the surfactant can lead to a high recovery from an oil reservoir by alternating the wettability and reducing interfacial tension. It is important to understand how the efficiency in reducing the interfacial tension is related to the structure of a surfactant. In this work, the aggregation behavior and the interfacial performance of a series of "quasi-gemini" nonylphenol-substituted dodecyl sulfonate surfactants denoted as n-C12S(NP) (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) at n-decane/water interface are explored in detail by employing the all-atomic molecular dynamics simulation. The influence of the substitution position of benzene ring on the interfacial performance is investigated by analyzing the interaction between headgroup and water and the interaction between the alkyl tails and n-decane. The interaction between headgroup and water and the interaction between the alkyl tails and n-decane are investigated by analyzing the density profiles, the radial distribution function, coordination number, the number of hydrogen bonds and the interface thickness. Simulation results suggest that a subtle structural variation in the headgroup and tails results in significant effects on limiting interface tensions at the fixed coverage: the interface properties of 3-C12S(NP) and 4-C12S(NP) are significantly better than those of 1-C12S(NP) and 2-C12S(NP). 3-C12S(NP) leads to the lowest interface tension and the largest interface formation energy by having the strongest interaction with water and decane. The results are useful for designing high performance surfactants for oil displacement.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are favored due to their high energy densities. However, how to inhibit the growth of Li dendrites, slow down the volume expansion and realize the reversible utilization of Li anode are still big challenges for the practical feasibility. Herein, a pre-lithiated edge-enriched ultra-thin MoS2 embedded carbon nanofiber (PCNF/MoS2) framework was prepared as a protective layer to stablize Li metal anode, Mo and Li2S was in situ formed on the surface of Li foil by a facile spontaneous chemical reaction of MoS2 and Li. Among them, Mo significantly reduces the overvoltage of the Li nucleation, achieves homogeneous Li plating/stripping, guides Li deposition in the cavity of three-dimensional (3D) framework, and thus inhibits the Li dendrites growth. More importantly, Li2S, as an effective additive, facilitates uniform and robust solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation with excellent chemical stability and high ionic conductivity, which successfully realizes stable Li anode. Thereafter, the PCNF/MoS2-Li composite anode exhibits excellent long cycle life over 750 h at 1 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 in the symmetrical cell. In addition, when the PCNF/MoS2-Li composite anodes were paired with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, the batteries delivered improved cycling stability and rate performance, providing a promising new avenue to achieve pratical LMBs.

To circumvent the shortcomings of traditional synthetic routes in the field of anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), a novel approach termed chloromethylbenzoylation has been proposed. Via chloromethylbenzoylation, side-chain-type benzylchloride groups could be directly incorporated into a broad scope of poly(aryl ether) substrates, such as poly(resorcinol ether ketone), poly(naphthalene-2,7-diol ether ketone), poly(resorcinol ether sulfone), and commercial poly(phenylene oxide). As a showcase, chloromethylbenzoylated poly(resorcinol ether ketone) was aminated to obtain side-chain-type AEM, which exhibited higher conductivity, much lower swelling and better alkaline stability when compared with main-chain-type AEMs prepared via traditional chloromethylation of PEEK. This simple and unprecedented approach provides a facile way to high performance AEMs with side-chain-type benzylic cationic groups, without using toxic or costly reagents.

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery is regarded as one of the potential energy storage system due to the ultra-high theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely limited the discharge/charge efficiency. Herein, the single-atom Ru anchored N-doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (Ru-N/rGO) was fabricated via a simple impregnation method. When employed as cathode for Li-O2 battery, the Ru-N/rGO delivers a higher discharge capacity, a lower overpotential and better rate performance in comparison with pure N-rGO without Ru atoms. Based on the in situ DEMS, the e-/O2 ratio of Ru-N/rGO (2.08) is close to the theoretical value for the desired O2 reduction to Li2O2 (2.00), suggesting the discharged product is mainly Li2O2. The density functional theory simulations reveal that the Ru single atoms offer high catalytic activity for OER and ORR. This work gives insight for the application of single atoms in advanced rechargeable Li-O2 batteries.

The cyclometalated dinuclear platinum acetylide with a 9,9-dioctylfluorene spacer and two terminal triphenylamine groups has been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MALDI-TOF MS. The active triphenylamine groups efficiently trigger the oxidative electropolymerization process to form a reddish-orange film on the working Pt and ITO electrodes by cyclic voltammetry. The compact film shows a polyaniline-like AC impedance behavior and an inverse dependence of AC impedance on its thickness. As a result of switching of the MLCT/ICT and dication absorption transitions between 0 and + 1.8 V, this metallopolymer film exhibits the near-IR electrochromism with significant optical contrast ratio (ΔT% = 78.3% at λ = 775 nm), comparative response time (3.8 s for the coloration step and 11.0 s for the bleaching step) and high anodic coloration efficiency (CE = 208.3 C− 1·cm2).

A cyclometalated Pt(II) acetylide derivative bearing a carbazole donor and a terpyridine (TPY) receptor has been successfully synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystallography shows its monoclinic crystal system with the P2(1)/c space group and the three-component co-planarity molecular structure. This efficient π-conjugation system displays an intense low-energy absorption band (e = 1.51 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1) at λmax = 442 nm and a strong phosphorescence emission (Φ = 0.045) at λmax = 596 nm in an air-saturated CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature, resulting from the dπ(Pt) → π*(C^N^N) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) mixing with the π(CC–Ar) → π*(C^N^N) ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) transition. With the introduction of the TPY receptor, this complex possesses ca. 1.6-fold luminescence-enhancing response for Zn2+ and Cd2+ but dramatic luminescence quenching response toward other common transition metal cations. Consecutive titrations exhibit that the added metal ions bond to its free TPY receptor with 1 : 2 stoichiometry to form the heterotrinuclear (Pt–M–Pt) complex. The Fe2+-quenched and Zn2+-enhanced luminescence behaviors with the maximum PET efficiency of 92.4% and 62.7%, respectively, strongly suggest the presence of the intra-molecular energy transfer between the [M(TPY)2]2+ core and the terminal phosphorescent Pt(II) complex units.

Using polymer electrolytes with relatively high mechanical strength, enhanced safety, and excellent flexibility to replace the conventional liquid electrolytes is an effective strategy to curb the Li-dendrite growth in Li-metal batteries (LMBs). However, low ionic conductivity, unsatisfactory thermal stability, and narrow electrochemical window still hinder their applications. Here, we fabricate Li

Composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) with enhanced ionic conductivity, excellent flexibility and strong strength are urgently required for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Inspired by the dragonfly wings that are super-lightweight and ultrathin but have excellent stability when subject to bending and twisting during flapping, we have constructed Li0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLTO) nanowires-filled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In our design, the PVDF is used to construct the ultrathin membrane, the 1D LLTO nanowires are acted as the veins to give rise to a high mechanical strength of 10 Mpa. The special design creates cellular surface of PVDF/LLTO-CPE, which guarantees the excellent flexibility as well as a good interface contact between CPE and Li anode. When evaluated as electrolyte for LiFePO4|Li battery, the PVDF/LLTO-CPEs can suppress Li dendrites growth, and thus presents an excellent cycling stability of 140 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. Moreover, the flexible LiFePO4|PVDF/LLTO-CPE|Li4Ti5O12 pouch cell delivers a satisfactory rate performance and cycle stability under folding and bending states. The excellent performances are attributed to the unique cellular structure and super mechanical strength of biomimetic PVDF/LLTO-CPE. All results show the PVDF/LLTO-CPE is a promising solid-state electrolyte for flexible electronic devices.

Solid-state composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are promising for solving the safety problem of lithium metal batteries. However, the CPEs with comparable thickness (10 μm), improved ion conductivities and excellent mechanical strength are great challenges. In the present study, ultrathin (9.6 μm), flexible, mechanically strong, and sandwiched structure solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are fabricated by a tape casting process, involving the 75 wt % LLTO/PVDF-CPE (LLTO-75) layer designed as intermediate layer sandwiched by two 15 wt % LLTO/PVDF-CPE (LLTO-15) layers. The LLTO-15 is a soft, stable layer on upper and lower sides that could create excellent interfacial contact with electrodes, and LLTO-75 possesses physical rigidity that could inhibit the Li dendrites growth. The balancing between the excellent interfacial contact of LLTO-15 and the inhibition of lithium dendrites growth of LLTO-75 gives sandwiched SSE a high ionic conductivity (4.7 × 10-4 S cm-1) at room temperature, an excellent mechanical strength (7.2 MPa), and uniform Li plating/stripping. When coupled with LiFePO4 and Li metal, the battery assembled with sandwiched SSE maintains 91.7% of its capacity and 99.7% of the Coulombic efficiency, after 1000 cycles. Our study suggests that the proposed sandwiched structure SSE is one of the alternatives for high performance solid-state LMBs.

A Cp*CoIII-catalyzed C2-selective C–H alkenylation/annulation cascade transformation of 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indoles with internal alkynes to afford pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]pyrimido[1,6-a]indol-5-iums is presented. Moreover, 6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]pyrimido[1,6-a]indole, a new functionalized N-fused indole core heterocycle, could be constructed effectively via reduction of pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]pyrimido[1,6-a]indol-5-ium by NaBH4.

Herein we report a copper-mediated intramolecular aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkynes and sulfonylcrotonates. This method provides simple, efficient and easy to operate access to a variety of highly functionalized naphthyl ketones with excellent functional group tolerance.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are generally regarded as one of the alternatives for high energy density devices. However, the commercial application of LMBs is seriously restricted by volume changes and dendrite behavior of lithium metal, which cause low efficiency and poor safety. In the present study, and inspired by the structure of the lotus root (which has many interior parallel channels that significantly enlarges the contact area), we have designed lotus root-like 3D multichannel carbon fibers (MCNFs) that are decorated with lithiophilic Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). These adhered lithiophilic Ag nanoparticles will facilitate molten Li infusion into the carbon channels, forming stable lithium metal anodes. The ion concentration gradient near the surface Ag protrusions will become reduced, thereby inducing homogeneous nucleation and deposition of Li. The produced multi-channels will provide enough space for volume expansion of Li metal during cycling. As a result, when coupled with a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, the MCNF/Ag-Li composite anode maintained 94.7% of its capacity, and 99.1% of the Coulombic efficiency after 600 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, the MCNF/Ag-Li|Li symmetrical cell could be cycled for more than 600 h, with a low hysteresis of 20 mV (at 1 mA cm−1), and with the capacity of 1 mAh cm−1 during the whole cycle (without any short-circuit). These results suggest that anodes, made of a lotus root-like 3D multichannel lithium metal composite material, will have the potential to promote the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.

Herein, an efficient palladium(II)-catalyzed C–C coupling/cyclization reaction by directed C–H activation of benzamidine and terminal alkynes has been developed. In this practical and high-yielding process, the C–N bond acts as an internal oxidant. It was found that molecules with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields, but when the benzamidine with ortho-methyl substituent is employed, the benzamidine compound may undergo the [1,5]-hydrogen migration, and then Diels–Alder reaction with terminal alkynes to produce the quinoline compound. The use of a single catalytic system to mediate chemical transformations in a synthetic operation is efficient in building complex structures from simple starting materials in an environmentally benign fashion.

A copper(II)-catalyzed tandem reaction between pyridine ketone and benzylamine was developed by using clean O2 as an oxidant. This transformation proceeded via an efficient condensation-amination-oxidative dehydrogenation process, affording 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines in excellent yields.

A copper(II)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of N-(2-alkynylphenyl)imine was developed. This strategy provided an effective procedure for the synthesis of substituted N-vinylindoles in moderate to good yields.

Herein, we have developed a simple and efficient synthesis of α,β-alkynyl/alkenyl ketone derivatives by acid-catalyzed reactions of 2,6-dimethyl- N -(4-methylbenzylidene)aniline and alkynes. This methodology provides a novel pathway for the synthesis of α,β-alkynyl/alkenyl ketones via acid-catalyzed coupling reactions and subsequent silica gel catalyzed hydrolysis. Characterized by wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and good to excellent yields this protocol may aid the further development of the C–C coupling reactions.

Herein, we have developed a facile and economic HOTf-catalyzed synthesis for the construction of quinolines from aldehydes, amines, and alkynes/alkenes, which are readily available from commercial vendors. The electronic properties of the substituents on the aldehydes, amines, and alkynes/alkenes have been investigated. It was found that molecules with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. The use of a single catalytic system to mediate chemical transformations in a synthetic operation is important for the development of new atom-economic strategies and this strategy is efficient in building complex structures from simple starting materials in an environmentally benign fashion.

Substituted benzothiazoles are synthesized by metal-catalyst-free three-component reactions of o-iodoaniline, quaternary ammonium salt, and sulfur powder in water with moderate-to-excellent yields up to 95%.

Image style transform technology refers to the use of a convolutional neural network to extract the style of a famous painting, thereby converting the input image into a corresponding style image. The current methods are mainly divided into two types, namely, the style transform method proposed by Gatys and the fast image style transform method (FNST) proposed by Li Feifei. The common problem between the two methods is that the hardware requirements are high, which is not conducive to a wide range of popularization and application. In order to use image style transform on more terminals and even mobile phones, research h on lightweight and fast image style transform is of great significance. This paper draws on the deep-wise split convolution in MobileNets to prun the convolutional layer in the loss network. After the pruning, the parameter content is only 11% of the original model; the residual component in Image Transform Net is trimmed. The parameter content was reduced by 96% compared to the original model. However, the amount of parameters in the process of weight reduction is greatly reduced, which may lead to the degradation of the stylized effect. It is proved by experiments that the style degradation of the method is not obvious, that is to say that the performance loss caused by the reduction of the parameter quantity is acceptable.

A facile and economic method for the construction of 2-substituted quinolines by AgOTf-catalyzed 2-aminobenzyl alcohol and alkyne/ketone or 2-aminophenethyl alcohol and aldehyde has been developed. The electronic properties of the substituents on the alkyne, ketone, and aldehyde were investigated. It was found that molecules with both electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents were perfectly suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, the use of inexpensive starting materials and environmentally benign oxidants makes this atom efficient method particularly attractive.

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The first cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative acetoxylation reaction was accomplished. This methodology is applicable to a wide range of amino acids and arylacetic acids.

Herein, an efficient palladium(II)-catalyzed C–C coupling/cyclization reaction by directed C–H activation of benzamidine and terminal alkynes has been developed. In this practical and high-yielding process, the C–N bond acts as an internal oxidant. It was found that molecules with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields, but when the benzamidine with ortho-methyl substituent is employed, the benzamidine compound may undergo the [1,5]-hydrogen migration, and then Diels–Alder reaction with terminal alkynes to produce the quinoline compound. The use of a single catalytic system to mediate chemical transformations in a synthetic operation is efficient in building complex structures from simple starting materials in an environmentally benign fashion.

Phenazines are synthesized by Cu-catalyzed homocoupling of 2-iodoanilines or 2-bromoanilines in water in moderate to excellent yields up to 85%.

Herein we report simple Bronsted acid-mediated reactions of aldehydes with 2-vinylaniline and biphenyl-2-amine. Ultimately, the useful nitrogen-containing heterocycle derivatives are obtained. The electronic properties of the substituents on the aldehydes and 2-vinylaniline were investigated. It was found that molecules with both electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents were perfectly suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.

The copper-catalyzed cyclization of N-(2-alkynylphenyl)imines (I) and (VII) leads to desired 2-substituted N-vinylindoles (II) and (VIII) in moderate to good yields.

A facile and economic method for the construction of 2-substituted quinolines by AgOTf-catalyzed 2-aminobenzyl alcohol and alkyne/ketone or 2-aminophenethyl alcohol and aldehyde has been developed. The electronic properties of the substituents on the alkyne, ketone, and aldehyde were investigated. It was found that molecules with both electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents were perfectly suitable substrates for this transformation, and the expected products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, the use of inexpensive starting materials and environmentally benign oxidants makes this atom efficient method particularly attractive.

The first cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative acetoxylation reaction was accomplished. This methodology is applicable to a wide range of amino acids and arylacetic acids.

To establish mathematical model between driving voltage and phase retardation of liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVR) attached with a compensator, A new setup based on Stokes parameters is built to measure the LCVR retardation. Under 25 °C, the 532nm wavelength vertical incident light, adjusting the driving voltage, collecting LCVR output power by polarization analyzing system. Using photoelectrical detection theory, the total of 121 experimental samples were calculated, the samples was divided equally, the one was training set and the other one is prediction set. The radial basis function is used as the kernel function in SVM(Support Vector Machines), the K-fold cross validation is used to optimize the penalty parameter c and the parameter g. Test results show, comparing with LS(least squares), For prediction model based on epsilon-SVM, the squared correlation coefficient reached 96%, the mean square error is increased. The model could rapidly and accurately obtained the phase retardation of all the wavelengths and all the voltage values of LCVR in the effective working range, prediction model based on £-SVM was an effective mean for LCVR phase calibration.

An efficient Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidative amination of sp3 C—H bonds using air as the terminal oxidant is presented.