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Background: Good knowledge of what factors are associated with filariasis cases, can determine effective control and prevention. Because each region has different risk factors.The purpose of this study was to determine what factors are associated with cases of filariasis in Indonesia.Methods: This study used systematic review method using database search from Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, Researhgate, Scopus, PubMed and Grey Literature. This study used search keyword “Factor risk” with boolean operators AND “Filariasis” OR “Elephantiasis”. The quality of the article assessed using the guideline from Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The articles that met the inclusion criteria and have medium to high quality were analyzed. .Result: the result showed that 6 articles with Cross-sectional study design and 24 articles with Case control study design were included in the analysis. The results of the quality assessment of the articles showed that most of the articles were moderate to good quality. Factors related to filariasis are Going at night (19%), mosquito repellent (15%), mosquito net (19%), wear closed clothing (9%), wire-net use (16%), bushes (4%), swamps (6%), rice fields (2%), cattle pens (6%) and puddles (4%)Conclusion: factors related to filariasis are Going at night, mosquito repellent, mosquito net, wear closed clothing, wire-net use, bushes, swamps, rice fields, cattle pens, puddles. To control cases of filariasis must consider these factors.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and has a high mortality rate in women. Patient-mediated factors and healthcare provider-mediated factors are factors associated with cancer delay. This study aims to identify the factors associated with breast cancer delay.Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA without meta-analysis method on articles published in 2012-2021. Article searches were conducted using the ScienceDirect, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar databases.Result: From a total of 256 articles that are relevant to the article search keywords, four articles are eligible for this review.Conclusion : Factors related to patient delay are the level of education. Factors related to system delays and diagnosis delays are the place of residence.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in young age groups (children, adolescents, and young adults) has a higher prevalence than individuals at other stages of the lifecycle (adults and the elderly). The implementation of mental health services faces more barriers to professional care than in the pre-pandemic period. This study aims to identify the effect of sociodemographic and Public Health Measures on the mental health of young age groups and mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review without meta-analysis was performed on seven databases. The selection procedure followed the flow diagram of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Inclusion criteria included all types of research that looked at the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and mental health services. There are 44 included articles and the quality assessment shows that the study was evaluated as 80% and 100% quality criteria met. During the implementation of Public Health and Social Measures, the young age group experienced mental health problems, including stress, depression, anxiety, sleeping disorder, eating disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder related to socioeconomic status, academic, and social factors. This systematic review proves that the COVID-19 pandemic affects the mental health of the young age group and mental health services.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a new type of infectious disease that has never been previously identified in humans and is caused by a new type of Coronavirus. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called SARS-CoV-2. Based on current epidemiological and viral studies, it has been proven that COVID-19 is mainly transmitted from confirmed cases of COVID-19 to other people who are in close proximity through droplets. Transmission can also occur through objects and surfaces contaminated with droplets in the vicinity of an infected person. The results of the preliminary study that have been carried out are obtained through interviews with 10 residents of the Pemalang Seaport perimeter including 5 people who believe that the Covid-19 health protocol is a behavior that is not mandatory because health or illness is destiny and 5 people do not know information about Covid-19 and transmission. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, perception, and application of COVID-19 health protocol practices in the Sugihwaras Village community, Pemalang. The type of research that will be used is quantitative research with a descriptive observational approach using a cross-sectional study design. The results of this study indicate that the level of public knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 health protocol is categorized as quite good with a percentage of 63.3% and 69%. Meanwhile, the perceived severity and vulnerability to COVID-19 showed not severe and not vulnerable with percentages of 88.7% and 84.1%. In the aspect of benefits and obstacles to the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol, it showed beneficial as 100% and non-inhibiting as 79.7%.

Latar belakang: Imunisasi dapat disebut sebagai bentuk intervensi kesehatan yang paling sukses dalam mengurangi angka kematian dan angka kesakitan dunia. Namun, imunisasi yang kurang memadai dapat menimbulkan ancaman kesehatan masyarakat yang besar. Diperkirakan 3 juta kematian pada balita terjadi setiap tahunnya disebabkan karena penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan status kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi usia 12-23 bulan di Kabupaten Temanggung tahun 2018 dan 2019.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional berulang. Sampel pada penelitian sebesar 498 reponden (2018) dan 199 responden (2019) yang diperoleh dari data sekunder penelitian Cakupan Imunisasi di Kabupaten Temanggung tahun 2018 dan 2019. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Kartu Pantau Cepat (RCC). Variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan, persepsi, sikap, dan keyakinan ibu terhadap imunisasi.Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat ditemukan nilai kemaknaan pengetahuan ibu p=0,165 (2018) dan p=0,059 (2019), persepsi ibu p=0,039 (2018) dan p=0,000 (2019), sikap ibu p=0,000 (2018) dan p=0,164 (2019), serta keyakinan ibu p=0,000 (2018) dan p=0,302 (2019).Simpulan: Persepsi, sikap dan keyakinan memiliki hubungan dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar tahun 2018, sedangkan tahun 2019 hanya persepsi ibu yang memiliki hubungan. Perlu adanya upaya peningkatan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi agar tercapai desa UCI 100% melalui promosi dan edukasi mengenai pentingnya imunisasi.Kata kunci: : Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap; Pengetahuan; Persepsi; Sikap; Keyakinan ABSTRACTTitle: Factors Associated with Basic Immunization Completeness Status Among Infants Age 12-23 Months in Temanggung Regency in 2018 and 2019Background: Immunization is the most successful and cost-effective health intervention in reducing global mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, insufficient immunization poses a major public health threat. It is estimated that 3 million deaths occur in children under-five each year due to vaccine-preventable diseases. This study examined the determinants factors which is correlate to the completeness status of basic immunization among infants aged 12-23 months in Temanggung Regency in 2018 and 2019.Method: The research design used was repeated cross sectional. The sample used was 498 respondents (2018) and 199 respondent (2019) based on secondary data from Immunization Coverage research in Temanggung Regency 2018-2019. The instrument used was the Rapid Card Check (RCC). The independent variables of this study were knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of mothers on immunization.Result: The results of the bivariate analysis found that the significance value of mother's knowledge was p=0.165 (2018) and p=0.059 (2019), mother's perception was p=0.039 (2018) and p=0.000 (2019), mother's attitude was p=0.000 (2018) and p = 0.164 (2019), and mother's confidence p=0.000 (2018) and p=0.302 (2019).Conclusion: Mother's perceptions, attitudes and beliefs are related to the completeness of basic immunization in 2018, while in 2019 only mother’s perception has a relationship with completeness of basic immunization. There needs an effort to increase the coverage of basic immunization in order to achieve 100% Universal Child Immunization (UCI) through promotion and education about the importance of immunization.Keywords: Basic Immunization; Basic Immunization; Knowledge; Perceptions; Attitudes; Beliefs

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease caused by mosquito-containing filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. World Health Organization (WHO) had set up the global program to interrupt transmission with mass drug administration and manage morbidity and prevent disability. AIM: This study aimed to determine the status of LF transmission in Pekalongan City after two additional rounds of mass drug administration. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pekalongan City, Indonesia. METHOD: Three villages had been selected purposively as study sites: free, non-endemic, and endemic of LF as more than 600 finger blood samples were taken from study participants in the night between 21:00 and 01:00. Laboratory testing for microfilaria examination was conducted in Bendan and Bedono Public Health Center Pekalongan, Indonesia. Mosquitoes were collected in three areas of the study site from the middle of the night until the morning. Identification and biomolecular examination of caught mosquitoes used a polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was made using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. RESULT: This research found two microfilaria positive samples from 600 finger blood samples examined (microfilariae rate: 0.33%). There were four positive reactions to filaria. The identified mosquito species consisted of Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex vashnui, and Aedes aegypti. Aedes aegypti was only confirmed filaria positive. CONCLUSION: A non-endemic village was only found one blood sample positive, but blood and mosquito sample positive were found in endemic villages. It seemed that LF transmission was still in running di endemic village in Pekalongan City.

Background : Cimex can be found in mattress, sofa, and in place where wood exist. Cimex can cause health effects. Continuous Cimex bites can disturb individual comfort, entomophobia, allergies, and anemia. The existance of Cimex can be influenced by behavioral factors. Cimex is still found in Purbayasa Village. The absence of research on the Cimex survey in Purbayasa village makes this research necessary to increase public awareness about the dangers of cimex and their prevention. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between behavior and the presence of CimexMethods : This study was a descriptive analytic study used visual survey method with cross sectional approach and a sample count of 53 randomly selected homes in RW 3. The survey of cimex by visual method. The data was obtained through respondents interviews with questionnaires and observation sheets with observation. Chi sqaure test is used to analyze the relationship between community behaviour and the presence of cimex Results :9,4% of respondents homes were positive bed bugs. The founded all bed bugs species is Cimex hemipterus. This study found that 79,2% of respondents had good knowledge, 75,5% had good attitudes, and 60,4% had good practices. There was no relation to the knowledge (α=0.05, ρ=0.000 ). The practice is also related to the presence of bed bugs (α=0.05, ρ=0.004 )Conclusion : It concluded that attitudes and practices are factors related to the presence of bed bugs.

The vectors that cause dengue fever usually live in habitats close to humans, one of which is a water reservoir (TPA) or commonly called a container. In Glonggong Village, containers and water sources are still a problem that triggers the density of larvae. This study aims to determine the relationship between container lids, container materials, and water sources on the incidence of DHF. The total sample used is 110 houses with a total of 201 containers. Collecting data using visual larval techniques, namely only by observing containers that are positive for larvae. Based on the results of the relationship test, it was found that the proportion of the presence of the lid was p = 0.071, container material was p = 0.163, and water source was p = 0.590. Which means that there is a relationship between container lids, container materials, and water sources with the incidence of DHF. Thus, there is a need for further socialization regarding the 3M Plus program in order to suppress dengue cases in Glonggong Village.

Surorowo hamlet in Kalikebek Village, Tutur Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, is one of the focus area of plague that has been monitored by the goverment, as an effort to ensure zero deaths of plague. The monitoring results of the specific flea index in 2017 show a fairly high frequency (≥1), which was obtained by calculating the number of Xenopsylla cheopis per number of trap success. This is an indicator that there is still a risk of plague. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical environmental factors related to the specific flea index in focus area of plague, Surorowo Hamlet. This type of research is analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were 60 houses that had traps installed by Zoonosis Laboratory field officers to monitor trap success and flea index in the house. The sampling technique used total sampling so that the number of samples was the same as the population, as many as 60 houses. The results showed that there are 4 physical enviromental variables related to the specific flea index, namely the type of house walls (p=0,0), the existance of windows (p=0,0), the existance of ceiling (p=0,0), and the temperature level (p=0,01). Based on the results of this study, to reduce the risk of the high specific flea index in Surorowo Hamlet, the community need to reduce the cavities in the walls that can be a place to live and a path for rats. In addition, it is necessary to procure windows to ensure good lighting and humidity in the house, and reducing wooden dividers on the ceiling of the house so that it does not become a path for rats.

This study aims to describe the strategy of strengthening the intervention that has been used in the form of using a combined intervention in an effort to control leptospirosis in the Southern part of Central Java Province. Scoping Review procedure was used on 4 databases (SCOPUS, JSTOR, Garuda, and gray literature on Google Scholar). The purpose of this study was to describe strategies to strengthen interventions that have been used as a combination in efforts to control leptospirosis in the Southern part of Central Java Province. The results of this study found that as many as 6 articles combined health education interventions with other interventions such as screening interventions in the form of live trapp installation, application training, accompanied by the provision and assistance of PPE, training of laboratory personnel, field observations, risk factor surveys, and environmental observations. The combination of this type of leptospirosis intervention is also able to increase the knowledge value of correspondents related to leptospirosis disease.

Background: SARS, MERS and Covid-19 are the most dangerous viruses among the Human Coronavirus (HCoV). The spreading of those diseases could cause cabin fever due to social restrictions as the control and prevention efforts. This study aims to map the impact of cabin fever during HCoV pandemic by the characteristic population and its causing factors.Methods: A mixed method systematic review was conducted in five databases and its keywords were determined using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). All articles were assessed after passed the last process (included). There are 11 articles included and 3 of them rated as strong quality. The findings were grouped into themes related to population characteristics and causative factors.Result: The result shows among 4 themes of population characteristic, college student shows more than five symptoms of cabin fever. Out of all the causing factors, quarantine and social distancing shows more than five symptoms of cabin fever.Conclusion: This review proves that cabin fever can occurs during the outbreak, epidemics and pandemics so, psychological treatment in the communities is needed during the spreading of the viruses. The treatment must be right because the symptoms of cabin fever differ according to population and the causes.

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with varied manifestations and characterized by recurring flares. Lack of disease knowledge and non-compliance with drug therapy are an important cause of not achieving treatment targets and worsening lupus symptoms.Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The research method is quantitative. The sample in this study were 136 patients who came to examine themselves at Central-General Hospital in Semarang City. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling. This study used a questionnaire to determine the variables studied.Result: The results of this study indicate a significant correlation between the level of knowledge (r=-0,332; p < 0,05) and level of drug adherence (r=-0,644; p < 0,05) to the level of systemic lupus erythematosus flaresConclusion : Based on the results, there is a correlation between knowledge and drug adherence to the level of systemic lupus erythematosus flares. The recommendation given is an integrated approach between patients and health care providers to improve patients understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus flares. Beside of that, specific attention should be paid to integrate the service provision system into the collaborative approach of the patients and his/her family in order to promote the level of drug adherence.

Measles rubella (MR) is a highly contagious disease, rubella causes miscarriage or baby-ies born with congenital defects in the first trimester of pregnancy. The Ministry of Health recommends 95% of the population against rubella measles through the Measles Rubella Immunization Program. However, there is still MR immunization coverage below 95%, in the Magelang City. Public Health Center has coverage of MR was 83.56% and Magelang Selatan was 89.14%. The purpose of the study was to analyse the factors associated with rejection of MR immunization. Study design using cross sectional. 120 samples of parents from elementary, junior high school, and SLB were selected in Magelang Utara sub-district with simple random sampling. The variables that had a statistical- relationship with the status of immunization refusal of Measles Rubella (p < 0.05) were type of work, history of measles,level of knowledge, attitudes of student’s parent attitudes (p = 0,0001), perceived vulnerability (p = 0,0001), perceived severity (p = 0,0001), perceived benefits and barriers, environment support, family support, and school support. So that parents with poor knowledge have a 18.355 times greater chance of rejecting Measles rubella Immunization. Abstrak Measles rubella (MR) merupakan penyakit yang sangat menular, rubela mengakibatkan keguguran atau bayi lahir dengan cacat bawaan pada kehamilan trimester I. Kementerian Kesehatan menganjurkan kekebalan populasi terhadap penyakit campak rubela sebesar 95% melalui Program Imunisasi Measles Rubella. Cakupan MR di Kota Magelang Provinsi Jawa Tengah masih < 95%. Puskesmas Magelang Utara mempunyai cakupan MR sebesar 83,56%, dan Magelang Selatan sebesar 89,14%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolakan imunisasi MR. Desain studi menggunakan potong lintang. Terpilih 120 sampel wali murid dari SD, SMP, dan SLB di Kecamatan Magelang Utara dengan simple random sampling. Variabel yang memiliki hubungan secara statistik dengan status penolakan imunisasi Measles Rubella adalah jenis pekerjaan, riwayat campak, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap wali murid (p=0,0001), persepsi kerentanan (p=0,0001), persepsi keparahan (p=0,0001), persepsi manfaat dan hambatan, dukungan lingkungan, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan sekolah. Wali murid dengan pengetahuan kurang baik memiliki peluang 18,355 kali lebih besar untuk menolak Imunisasi MR.

HIV and Tuberculosis are two public health problems of global concern. People living with HIV (PLWH), can develop opportunistic infections because they do not know their HIV status. With the vulnerability of PLWH to opportunistic infections, especially TB, it is necessary to routine HIV tests on positive and suspected TB patients. The performance of TB-HIV health officers is one that determines the detection of tuberculosis and HIV cases. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge related to the performance of officers in finding and accessing TB-HIV treatment at the Primary Public Health Center in Semarang City. This study used a descriptive research design with cross sectional methods, with 19 research subjects. Data reliability using data auditing by checking the flow of data analysis. The results showed that the officers had good knowledge conducted good screening for TB-HIV suspects. But some officers do not get enough training HIV. The advice for the health department is to make more training for the officers.

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia has increased every year. Hypertension does not only affect the elderly but also young people. There is no research yet about description of the knowledge and attitudes related to hypertension prevention among Diponegoro University students The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of students related to hypertension prevention. This type of study is descriptive observational with cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study amounted to 425 respondents obtained using accidental sampling technique. The variables studied were gender, type of study, family history of hypertension, and level of family support.The results showed that majority of the respondents were female (76,5%), the type of study was non-health (50,6%), did not have a family history of hypertension (60%), had a family that supported the prevention of hypertension (50,6%). A total of 51,5% of respondents have a good level of knowledge, 52% of respondents have a good attitude. From the result was concluded that the majority of students already have a good level of knowledge and attitudes related to hypertension prevention. It is necessary to increase student awareness about hypertension, especially related to hypertension prevention.

The practice of eliminating mosquito nests (PSN) is carried out by jumantik to reduce dengue fever. Jumantik must be formed starting from each house by appointing one family member as the jumantik (Movement 1 House 1 Jumantik). The jumantik program in the village exists, but it has not been implemented. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in knowledge, attitudes, community practices and the presence of larvae that were intervened and not intervened by implementing the movement of One House One Jumantik. This type of research is a quasi experimental, with the Nonequivalet Group Design approach. The instruments used in this study were a questionnaire, a larva monitoring checklist, a guidebook. The research sample was 40 people in the experimental group and 40 people in the control group using purposive sampling technique. Analysis of the research data using the Mann Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, Chi square test. The results showed that there were differences in the mean of knowledge (p: 0.001 ≤ α (0.05)), attitudes (p: 0.001 ≤ α (0.05)), and practice (p: 0.002 ≤ α (0.05)) in the group. experimental and control groups before and after the intervention. The presence of larvae before (p: 0.799> α (0.05)), and after the intervention (p: 0.012

In this global era, the use of smartphones is increasing and spreading throughout all ages. One of the effects of excessive smartphone use is neck pain. This study aims to describe neck pain in smartphone users. The population in this study are people domiciled on the island of Java who are more than 17 years. This study used a cross-sectional study design and quota sampling as a sampling technique with a sample size of 949 respondents. The results showed that 56.8% of respondents experience neck pain. 58,2% of women, 57,4%

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be prevented by implementing clean and healthy living behavior and obeying health protocols. East Jakarta City was the city with the highest COVID-19 confirmed cases (as of May 13, 2020). The purpose of this study is to describe knowledge about COVID-19 prevention in the community of East Jakarta city based on gender, education level, and the history of chronic disease. This study used a cross-sectional study design and quota sampling as a sampling technique with a sample size of 480 respondents and data was collected by using self-reported questionnaire via Google Form. The results showed that 52.5% of the respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19 prevention, indicated in detail by 58.4% of men, 53,2% of respondents with high education level and 61.5% of respondents with chronic disease. In conclusion, East Jakarta community has good knowledge of COVID-19 prevention. Interactive and focused COVID-19 prevention promotion in public is needed to improve a certain population knowledge.

Protokol kesehatan sebagai upaya dalam pencegahan COVID-19. Kepatuhan akan protokol kesehatan menjadi hal yang utama dalam pencegahan COVID-19. Pentingnya kepatuhan dalam penerapan protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19 terutama pada petugas yang menangani COVID-19. Menggambarkan penerapan protokol kesehatan terkait COVID-19 pada pegawai kantor kesehatan pelabuhan di seluruh Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah Aparatur Sipil Negara Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan di seluruh Indonesia. Sampel yang memenuhi kriteria berjumlah 533 pegawai. Teknik sampling simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket melalui google form. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis data mengunakan tabel silang. Pegawai KKP sebagian besar kurang sesuai dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan di pintu masuk terkait COVID-19 di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan sebanyak 348 (65,3%). Pegawai yang kurang sesuai dalam penerapan protokol yaitu pada kelompok usia dewasa tua (31-60), tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah dan yang belum pernah melaksanakan pelatihan kewaspadaan dini.

Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis is an infectious disease caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitoes. The global program to control and eliminate lymphatic filariasis is Mass drug administration (MDA). Brebes Regency is one of the endemic areas of filariasis in Central Java Province. MDA program has been implemented from 2017 to 2021. However, the results have not reached the national target. The level of cadres knowledge about filariasis MDA in Luwunggede community health center has never been studied. The purpose of this study is to describe knowledge of cadres about MDA filariasis in the Luwunggede Health Care. This study used a cross-sectional study design and proportional random sampling as a sampling technique with a sample size of 80 respondents. The results showed that respondents who had high knowledge (52.5%) were almost the same as respondents who had low knowledge (47.5%). Increase cadres' knowledge about filariasis and filariasis MDA through training is needed.

Meningitis vaccine is a special vaccine given to protect prospective umrah or hajj pilgrims against meningitis. Storage of the meningitis vaccine that is not standard can result in spoilage of the vaccine, thereby reducing or eliminating its immune potential. So far there is no data describing the management of the meningitis vaccine cold chain in the province of Special Region Yogyakarta. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of cold chain management officers, the availability of cold chain equipment, the behavior of receiving vaccines, the behavior of storing vaccines, and the behavior of managing vaccine waste This study was descriptive observational of 20 cold chain management officers at the Port Health Office Clinic (KKP), clinics and hospitals administering meningitis vaccination in Special Region Yogyakarta province. The data were collected using a data collection technique in the form of questionnaires and observations in December 2019-June 2020. The results showed that there were no meningitis vaccination providers in Yogyakarta who had managed the vaccines cold chain management in accordance with immunization guidelines. It is concluded that there are no officers who have implemented cold chain management in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health. It is suggested that officers need to improve compliance in implementing cold chain management in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health. Abstrak Vaksin meningitis merupakan vaksin khusus yang diberikan untuk melindungi calon jamaah umrah atau haji terhadap penyakit meningitis. Penyimpanan vaksin meningitis yang tidak sesuai standar dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan vaksin sehingga menurunkan atau menghilangkan potensi kekebalannya. Sejauh ini belum ada data yang menggambarkan pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin meningitis di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menggambarkan karakteristik petugas pengelola rantai dingin, ketersediaan peralatan rantai dingin, perilaku menerima vaksin, perilaku menyimpan vaksin, dan perilaku mengelola limbah vaksin. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional terhadap 20 petugas pengelola rantai dingin di klinik Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) serta klinik dan rumah sakit penyelenggara vaksinasi meningitis di Provinsi Derah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa angket dan observasi pada bulan Desember 2019–Juni 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum ada penyelenggara vaksinasi meningitis di Yogyakarta yang melakukan pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin sesuai dengan pedoman penyelenggaraan imunisasi. Disimpulkan bahwa belum ada petugas yang menerapkan pengelolaan rantai dingin sesuai dengan standar pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan. Disarankan agar petugas perlu meningkatkan kepatuhan dalam menerapkan pengelolaan rantai dingin sesuai dengan pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan.

Introduction: Premarital sexual behavior is one of the complex problems faced by adolescents. This behavior is increasingly prevalent throughout the world, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic factors (gender, and monthly allowance) and social activities related to premarital sexual behavior in late adolescence in Semarang City.Methods : This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples was 400 respondents aged 18-22 years using consecutive sampling technique. This study used univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test.Results: The results showed that gender (p = 0,000), monthly allowance (p = 0,000) and social activity (p = 0,000) had a relationship with premarital sexual behavior in late adolescence.Conclusion: It is necessary to establish youth programs at SMA / SMK / equivalent and university levels to develop self-confidence and life skills with an increasing the ability of adolescents to avoid and / or reduce risky sexual behavior.

BACKGROUND: Channa striata has several good nutrients, including 70% protein, 20% albumin, complete amino acids, zinc, selenium, and iron. However, no study has investigated the chitosan-PEG nanoparticles based on Channa striata protein hydrolyzate. This study’s purpose was to determine the role of 10% Channa striata protein hydrolyzate, chitosan-PEG 4000 nanoparticles, and chitosan- PEG 6000 nanoparticles in reducing diabetes mellitus in diabetic rats.METHOD: A randomized pretest-posttest control group design was used, with male Sprague–Dawley rats being divided into five groups: STZ, acarbose, hydrolyzate, chitosan-PEG 4000 nanoparticles, and chitosan-PEG 6000 nanoparticles. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin at 1 ml in each formulation. Blood glucose levels were analyzed using a glucometer 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. The CHOD-PAP method was used to analyze the lipid profile. Pancreas and liver histology analyses were carried out using a microscope.RESULTS: The formulation of 10% Channa striata protein hydrolyzate and PEG 6000 was the most effective in lowering blood glucose concentrations, and the response was close to the acarbose result. The glucose concentration decreased after daily oral administration of chitosan-PEG nanoparticles for 21 days. The plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL concentrations were lower in treated than in untreated diabetic rats.CONCLUSION: This study concluded that the formulation of 10% Channa striata protein hydrolyzate and chitosan-PEG 6000 nanoparticles was more effective than acarbose.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease that was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has become a public health problem around the world. The main mode of transmission of this virus is human to human transmission via respiratory droplets that produced when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. This virus spread rapidly from China to other countries. The participation of society is needed in reducing the spread of COVID-19. People's commitment and obedience in dealing with this pandemic situation are generally influenced by knowledge, attitudes and practices. In previous studies, it was found that gender and age affect the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices for preventing COVID-19. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 prevention based on gender and age group in Java Island residents. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. The number of samples in this study was 1,680 Java Island residents. Results: The variables in this study were measured through a self-reported questionnaire that was distributed online. The results showed that the female and the late adult group (≥61 years) tended to have good knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 prevention.Conclusion : It is necessary to increase education related to COVID-19 and socialization of health protocols to the community with male sex and young age groups

Cervical cancer is a disease that attacks women caused by Human Paplilloma Virus. Early sign of this cancer is discovery precancerous cervical lesions. Early prevention of knowing the presence of these lesionss is by early detection of the Visual Inspection Acetic Acid (VIA) method. This study was an observational research using case control design. Samples were taken is 126 people, 63 people as total cases and 63 peoples as control. using simple random sampling. Univariate data analyzed and presented in frequency distribution. Characteristics of respondents in this study include the majority of respondents responden were women above 35 years old (60,3%) and low education or lower than 9 years (78,6%). The results showed that 49,2%% had age of first sexual intercourse 1, and 58,3% respondent had ≥3 number of parity. Woman with number of parity ≥3 had precancerous cervical lesionss.

Lymphatic filariasis is still a public health problem in Pekalongan District. Previous research revealed that there was ongoing filariasis transmission in Tegaldowo village. For that reason, there was a need for further research. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of filariasis and community knowledge regarding this disease. This research used a descriptive cross-sectional research design conducted in June-August 2017 in Tegaldowo Village, Pekalongan District. This study involved 100 participants. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. The prevalence of infection in this village was 7%. The results showed that 69.0% of the community did not know the cause of filariasis, did not know the type of mosquito that transmit microfilariae (52.0%) and did not know how to prevent filariasis infection (97%). It is recommended that health workers increase the knowledge of people in Tegaldowo village to succeed filariasis elimination program. Keywords : endemicity, knowledge, filariasis, pekalongan Abstrak Filariasis limfatik masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat transmisi filariasis di desa Tegaldowo. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi filariasis berserta pengetahuan masyarakat terkait penyakit ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2017 di Desa Tegaldowo, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 peserta. Sampel dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 7% responden positif mikrofilaria dalam sampel darah mereka. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan 69,0% dari masyarakat tidak tahu penyebab filariasis (69,0%), tidak tahu jenis nyamuk yang menularkan mikrofilaria (52,0%), dan tidak tahu bagaimana mencegah penyakit filariasis (97%). Disarankan bagi petugas kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Desa Tegaldowo untuk mensukseskan program eliminasi filariasis. Kata kunci: endemisitas, pengetahuan, filariasis, pekalongan

Background: Meningococcal meningitis is a disease with high morbidity and mortality which, if left untreated, 100% will end in death. Meningitis vaccination is a way to prevent transmission of meningitis in high-risk groups such as Umrah pilgrims. As many as 26.69% of Umrah pilgrims in Bengkulu were late in conducting the meningitis vaccination.Methods: Used is analytic observational research with cross sectional approach. The research sample of 122 people with purposive sampling. Data processing was performed by chi square test by looking at the value of continuity correction and pearson chi-square with α=0.05.Result: There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge about the time of meningitis vaccination, (p=0,000) and the perseption of role of umrah travel agency (p=0,023) with the timeliness of vaccination. There was no relationship between age (p= 0,328), sex (p=0,998), level of education (p=0,868), type of work (p=1,000), level of knowledge about meningitis (p=0,477), level of knowledge about vaccination meningitis (p=0,903), family support (p=0,083) and distance access to health services (p=0,996) with timely meningitis vaccination in Umrah pilgrims.Conclusion : Knowledge about the timing of vaccination and the perseption of role of umrah travel agency are the main determining factors of the accuracy of meningitis vaccination in Umrah pilgrims.

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of brusein A from Macassar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) on the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.Methods: This research was an explanatory research using experimental method with post test only control group design. The sample was larvae Cx. quinquefaciatus Say. The distribution of the sample treatment and control groups was done randomly. Data analysis using Probit to determine the value of LC50, LC90, LT50, LT90. Further tests use ANOVA if the data are normally distributed and homogeneous, but if the data is not normally distributed or not homogeneous using Kruskal wallis.Result: The results showed that the highest percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae mortality after administration of various concentrations of brusein A compared with temefos was at a concentration of 27 ppm, which was 55.29 percent. The higher the concentration, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. The highest percentage of deaths after administration of various brusein A concentrations takes 24 hours, namely 91.13 percent. The longer time used, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. LC50 was 18.833 ppm. LC90 was 68,852 ppm. The LT50 value was 437,639 minutes or 7 hours 18 minutes. The LT90 value was 1103.403 minutes or 18 hours 23 minutes. There was a difference in the average number of deaths in the brusein A concentration group (p=0.000).Conclusion: There was a difference in the average number of deaths of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae in the time group (p=0.000). So, there is the influence of the administration of brusein A isolated from Makasar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) against the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.

Latar belakang: Indonesia merupakan negara endemis filariasis di Asia Tenggara dengan 236 kabupaten/ kota (46%) termasuk dalam daerah endemis. Kabupaten Semarang menjadi salah satu daerah endemis yang menjalankan POPM filariasis sejak tahun 2017. Pada tahun 2018 terjadi penurunan angka cakupan minum obat dan peningkatan jumlah kasus filariasis di Kabupaten Semarang. Hal tersebut dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan pelaksanaan POPM filariasis di Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kepatuhan minum obat masyarakat dalam POPM filariasis di Kecamatan Banyubiru, Kabupaten Semarang. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional deskriptif menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan metode rapid survey . Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Banyubiru Kabupaten Semarang pada bulan September-Oktober 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan cluster sampling dua tahap dengan unit sampling adalah rukun warga (RW). Jumlah cluster dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 cluster dengan besar sampel sebanyak 210 responden berusia ≥ 18 tahun. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa responden yang patuh meminum obat pencegahan filariasis (79,5%) lebih banyak terdapat pada responden dewasa berumur 18-44 tahun (84,6%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (82,8%), tamat SMP/ sederajat (85,7%), tidak bekerja (84,9%), berpengetahuan baik (90,9%), mendapat dukungan kader baik (94,7%), mendapat dukungan sosial baik (84,7%), dan tidak mengalami efek samping obat pencegahan filariasis pada periode pertama (92,7%). Sedangkan, alasan responden tidak meminum obat pencegahan filariasis paling banyak adalah karena takut terhadap efek samping obat (27,9%). Simpulan: Responden dewasa (18-44 tahun), perempuan, tamat SMP/ sederajat, tidak bekerja, berpengetahuan baik, mendapatkan dukungan kader dan sosial baik, serta tidak mengalami efek samping obat pada POPM periode pertama lebih patuh dalam meminum obat pencegahan filariasis. Kata kunci: Filariasis, kepatuhan minum obat, POPM ABSTRACT Title: Compliance of Taking Drugs in the Filariasis Mass Drug Administration at Banyubiru Sub-district Semarang Regency Background: Indonesia is a filariasis endemic country in Southeast Asia with 236 endemic districts (46%). Semarang Regency has become one of the endemic districts that have been running filariasis MDA since 2017. There has been a decreasing of MDA coverage and increasing the number of filariasis cases in 2018. Those problems could affect the success of filariasis elimination. This study aims to describe the community's filariasis MDA compliance in Banyubiru Sub-district. Method: This research is an observational descriptive study. Research was done using a cross-sectional design with a rapid survey method that was conducted in September-October 2019. This study used two-stage cluster sampling with rukun warga (RW) as sample unit, 30 clusters were selected with sample number was 210 of ≥18 years old respondents. Result: Compliant respondents who took filariasis prevention drugs (79.5%) were mostly found in adult respondents aged 18-44 years (84.6%), female (82.8%), completed junior high school/ equivalent (85.7%), jobless (84.9%), have good knowledge (90.9%), have good cadre support (94.7%), have good social support (84.7%), and not experiencing filariasis prevention drugs side effect (92.7%). Meanwhile, respondents mostly did not take filariasis prevention drugs was because they were afraid with side effects of the drug (27.9%). Conclusion: Respondents who adult (18-44 years old), female, graduated from junior high school/ equivalent, jobless, have good knowledge, have good cadre and social support, and not experiencing drugs side effects in the MDA first period are more compliant in taking filariasis prevention drugs. Keywords: Filariasis, drug compliance, filariasis MDA

Aloe vera, ginger, and sappan wood have recently gained attention as a potent antioxidant. This study was undertaken to analyze the possible effects of oral administration of herbal infusion (the combination of Aloe vera, ginger, and sapang wood) on fasting blood glucose (FBS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats. Forty male albino rats (150-250 gm) were divided into five groups (n=8 in each group): alloxan-induced diabetic (negative control group/K-), acarbose treated (positive control group/K+), diabetic rats treated with herbal infusion dose 6.75 mg/150 gmbw (P1), diabetic rats treated with herbal infusion dose 13.5 mg/150 gmbw (P2), and diabetic rats treated with herbal infusion dose 20.25 mg/150 gmbw (P3). Male albino rats induced with a dose of alloxan 120 mg/kgbw and also 5% glucose after 6 hours of alloxan induction. FBS and MDA levels of each rat were measured before induction of alloxan was performed as a control sample. After seven days and 14 days of herbal infusion administration, FBS parameters was investigated with a glucometer. In the last week, the concentration of MDA in serum blood was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 545 nm. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in FBS and MDA. Administration of herbal infusion was reduced FBS significantly between groups (ANOVA, Bonferroni, p

Irradiation is one of the activities in the sterile insect technique. Currently, a large scale of male sterile production by irradiation and egg production in high sterility is needed. To analyze the influence of density variations of Ae. aegypti male pupae in gamma-ray irradiation (70 Gy) to the adult mosquito emergence rate, number of eggs produced by the fertile female, and the rate of eggs produced sterility of fertile female. The experimental design with a post-test only control group. The sample was 5,400 pairs of pupae. The male pupae were irradiated with different densities, ie 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 individuals, five repetitions and control. The irradiation was carried out in the National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta. After irradiation, the adult mosquito emergence rate was observed and then mated with fertile females. The number of eggs and the sterility rate were then observed. The results showed that the more pupae in the vial tubes irradiated, the lower the percentage of adult mosquitoes that appeared. This has an impact on the greater number of eggs produced, and the lower the sterility of eggs produced. Based on the results of the ANOVA test and Tukey follow-up test at 1% error rate showed that the irradiated pupae density affected the adult emergence rate, a number of eggs produced, and egg sterility level. The best rate of emergence of adults at a density of 120 individuals, the most optimal number of eggs at a density of 300 individuals, and the best level of sterility at a density of 60 individuals. Abstrak Radiasi merupakan salah satu kegiatan teknik serangga mandul. Saat ini, dibutuhkan metode memproduksi jantan mandul dengan radiasi pupa jantan dalam jumlah banyak dan menghasilkan tingkat sterilitas telur tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi kepadatan pupa Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) jantan dalam media radiasi sinar gamma 70 Gy terhadap tingkat kemunculan nyamuk jantan dewasa, jumlah telur dihasilkan dari hasil perkawinan antara jantan dewasa hasil radiasi dengan betina fertil, dan tingkat sterilitas telur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only with control group. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 5.400 pasang pupa jantan betina. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan cara meradiasi pupa jantan dengan kepadatan yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 60, 120, 180, 240, dan 300 individu, 5 kali pengulangan dan kontrol (tidak diradiasi). Setelah diradiasi, tingkat kemunculan nyamuk jantan dewasa diamati dan kemudian dikawinkan dengan betina fertil. Selanjutnya, diamati jumlah telur yang dihasilkan nyamuk betina dari perkawinan nyamuk jantan hasil radiasi dan betina fertil dan tingkat sterilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin banyak pupa dalam tabung vial yang diradiasi maka semakin rendah persentase nyamuk dewasa yang muncul, semakin banyak pula jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, dan semakin rendah tingkat sterilitas telur yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey pada tingkat kesalahan 1% menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara kepadatan pupa yang diradiasi terhadap tingkat kemunculan dewasa, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan, dan tingkat sterilitas telur. Tingkat kemunculan dewasa paling baik pada kepadatan 120 individu, jumlah telur paling optimal pada kepadatan 300 individu dan tingkat sterilitas paling baik pada kepadatan 60 individu

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the factors causing erectile dysfunction (ED) and may affect a person's quality of life. This study was aimed to describe the epidemiology of ED in men with DM in a primary health care. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional study design conducted from January to March 2017 at the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center, Semarang. There were 122 diabetic men who were all included in the study. The data were collected using interviewerassisted questionnaires. The status of ED was measured by the erectile dysfunction intensity scale adapted to the International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS The results showed that the prevalence of diabetic men with ED was 84.4%. Most men with ED had age of ≥46 years (91.0%), experienced work stress (88.5%), had low physical activity (93.1%), had obesity (88.0%) of which 86.3% had central obesity, smoking (84.6%), had DM >5 years (91.2%), and took antihypertensive drugs (90.0%). The fasting blood glucose level of respondents ≥126 mg/dl was 86.0%, and 91.7% had sexual desire disorder. The duration of DM and aging are contributing factors of ED in males with DM, with a p-value of 0.016 and 0.013, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ED in primary health care is still high, and the determining factors were the duration of DM and aging. Public health centers are advised to undertake health promotion on the prevention of factors that can lead to sexual dysfunction in males with DM.

The Covid-19 vaccination is one of the efforts of the Indonesian government to reduce the cases of Covid-19 infection. The success of vaccination is supported by proper cold chain management. There has been no similar research conducted in East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. Research conducted in Yogyakarta and Sarolangun showed that not all cold chain officers had implemented the vaccination guidelines. This study aims to provide an overview of the quality of the Covid-19 vaccine cold chain management. Method: The design of this research is descriptive observational. The data collection technique was carried out by interview method using a questionnaire instrument and direct observation of 13 cold chain management officers in East Kotawaringin Regency. Result: From the results of the study, all respondents were not equipped with cold chain tools according to the provisions. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the officers who manage the cold chain have not yet fully implemented the technical instructions for implementing the Covid-19 vaccination. The officers are expected to be able to manage the cold chain in accordance with the instructions of the directorate general of disease control and prevention of the Indonesian Ministry of Health

Disease prevention activities at the entrance are a form of implementing IHR 2005. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased disease surveillance at airports to prevent disease from spreading in the region, one of which is early detection. In carrying out these activities, the knowledge of officers is very important, especially regarding the early detection of COVID-19 at the airport. The purpose of the study was to describe the level of knowledge of early detection of COVID-19 at the airport for the Port Health Office Class IV Yogyakarta officers. This study uses a descriptive observational method with a cross sectional design. The research population is Port Health Office Class IV Yogyakarta officers who duty at the airport, based on criteria the number of samples was 40 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which was then analyzed using a cross table. Port Health Office Class IV Yogyakarta officers who duty at the airport have less knowledge about the early detection of COVID-19 as many as 27 people (67.5%). Officers with a low level of knowledge about the early detection of COVID-19 are in the early adult age group (21-40 years), female, undergraduate / diploma IV, and working period < 3 years. Regular training is needed to improve the knowledge and skills of officers. Keywords: Knowledge, early detection of COVID-19, Airports, Port Health Officer

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is a public health problem. An effective dengue control effort is the Eradication of Mosquito Breeding Place which involves the participation of the community. Efforts to increase community participation are by forming Jumantik cadres who are tasked with monitoring and counseling the community to carry out PSN. In carrying out his duties properly Jumantik needs to have good knowledge so that it affects his performance. Good knowledge raises awareness, concern, and motivation so that there is an increase in performance. One way that is often used to increase cadre knowledge is through training. Sleman Regency was an endemic area of DHF, Depok sub-district is included in the area with high DHF cases in Sleman Regency. In addition, Depok sub-district is the area with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Sleman district. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Jumantik cadres training could not be carried out as usual because the implementation of health protocols required restrictions on holding meetings. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the knowledge of Jumantik cadres during the COVID-19 pandemic in the working area of the Depok I Health Center, Sleman. This type of research was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The population of this research was Jumantik cadres in the working area of Depok I Health Center Sleman with a sample of 151 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed univariately. This study found that most Jumantik cadres during the COVID-19 pandemic had less knowledge (65.6%). It is necessary to increase knowledge about dengue disease and mosquito breeding places. Keyword: Knowledge, Cadre, Jumantik, COVID-19

lt;bgt;Background and Objective:lt;/bgt; The use of the roots of the pasak bumi (lt;igt;E. longifolialt;/igt; Jack) to treat cancer has been studied widely, however, the scientific basis of these plants used as an anticancer drug is widely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate and non-ethyl acetate fractions of pasak bumi roots in Raji cells.lt;bgt;Materials and Methods:lt;/bgt; The cytotoxicity test is using the direct cell count method with trypan blue staining. The growth inhibition is using doubling time analysis of Raji cells. Observation of the apoptotic events of Raji cells used ethidium bromide staining, while observing the expression of p53 protein in Raji cells was done by immunohistochemical staining.lt;bgt;Results:lt;/bgt; The results of the cytotoxicity and doubling time test showed that the activity of the non-ethyl acetate fraction was greater than that of the roots of pasak bumi. The lower concentration of non-ethyl acetate fraction of pasak bumi roots was able to delay the multiplication time of Raji cells which was greater than that of ethyl acetate. The results of the cytotoxicity and doubling time test showed that the activity of the non-ethyl acetate fraction was greater than that of the roots of pasak bumi.lt;bgt;Conclusion:lt;/bgt; It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate and non-ethyl acetate fractions of the roots of pasak bumi have cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity on Raji cells, however they cannot induce apoptosis in Raji cells. The death of Raji cells is through the mechanism of inhibiting Raji cell proliferation as evidenced by an increase in p53 protein expression.

Latar belakang: Penyakit Filariasis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria. Kota Pekalongan merupakan kota dengan endemis filariasis dan telah dilakukan Program Pemberian Obat secara Massal (POPM) sejak tahun 2011 hingga 2015, Namun, hasil Survei Darah Jari (SDJ) menunjukkan nilai Mikrofilaria Rate di Kota Pekalongan masih > 1%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan peran Tenaga Pelaksana Eliminasi (TPE) filariasis dan hambatan yang ditemui pada pelaksanaan POPM di Kota Pekalongan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectiona. Jumlah sampel 95 orang petugas TPE dengan menggunakan simple ramdom sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EP dalam memilih anggota keluarga target yang akan dirawat adalah optimal (63,2%). EP dalam membantu puskesmas menentukan dosis dan pemberian obat-obatan untuk masing-masing keluarga yang dibantu (52,6%). EP dalam merekam keluarga yang dibantu yang minum obat pada kartu sudah optimal (55,8%). EP dalam memantau dan mencatat reaksi perawatan yang mungkin timbul dan melaporkan kepada petugas kesehatan adalah optimal (61,1%). Simpulan : Peran tenaga pelaksana eliminasi TPE di Kota Pekalongan dalam menyeleksi anggota keluarga binaan yang akan diobati, dalam membantu puskesmas menentukan dosis dan pemberian obat pada setiap keluarga binaan, dalam pencatatan keluarga binaan yang meminum obat pada kartu, dan dalam pengawasan dan pencatatan reaksi pengobatan yang mungkin timbul serta pelaporan kepada petugas kesehatan sudah optimal Kata kunci: Filariasis, Tenaga Pelaksana Eliminasi ABSTRACT Title: The role of Elimination Personnel (EP) implementing filariasis MDA in Pekalongan City Background: Filariasis is a disease caused by filarial worms, Pekalongan City has carried out filariasis MDA (Mass Drug Administration) since 2011-2015. However, the results of the Finger Blood Survey (SDJ) showed that the microfilaria rate was > 1%. This study aims to describe the role of Elimination Personnel (EP) and the obstacles faced in implementing filariasis MDA in Pekalongan City. Method: This study used a cross sectional research method. Sampling in this study used simple random side, total 95 respondents. Data obtained by structure interviews using questionnaires. Result: The results showed that EP in selecting the target family members to be treated is optimal (63.2%). EP in helping puskesmas determine the dosage and administration of medicines for each of the assisted families (52.6%). EP in recording the assisted families who drank the medicine on the card was optimal (55.8%). EP in monitoring and recording treatment reactions that may arise and reporting to health workers was optimal (61.1%). Conclusion : The roles of TPE elimination workers of Pekalongan City were optimum, such as selecting family member who will be treated, helping Puskesmas in deciding the dosage and giving the medicine to every treated family, record of treated family who take the medicine in the given card, and in the supervision and record of medical reaction that might happen and reporting it to health workers. Keywords : Filariasis, Elimination Personnel

Latar belakang: Nyamuk Anopheles spp merupakan vector penyakit Malaria di Kabupaten Purworejo. Selama ini belum dilakukan monitoring status kerentanan nyamuk Anopheles spp di Kabupaten Purworejo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur status kerentanan nyamuk Anopheles spp di Kecamatan Pituruh, Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode: Penelitian ini mengginakan metode Quasi-experiment dengan sample yaitu nyamuk Anopheles spp hasil koloni F1. Pengujian status kerentanan nyamuk dilakukan pada nyamuk betina sejumlah 120 ekor nyamuk Anopheles spp. Pengujian dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 6 kali, dengan menggunakan 4 tabung uji kerentanan dan 2 tabung control, masing-masing tabung berisi 20 ekor nyamuk. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata knock down nyamuk Anopheles spp selama 60 menit paparan adalah 19 per repetisi (92,5%). Setelah holding 24 jam, rata-rata kematian nyamuk Anopheles spp adalah 20 per pengulangan (100%). Kematian nyamuk mencapai 80 nyamuk (100%) pada 12 jam. Pada kelompok kontrol, jumlah kematian nyamuk setelah 24 jam adalah 2 ekor (0,5%). Simpulan : Nyamuk Anopheles spp masih rentan terhadap lambdacyhalothrin, sehingga lambdacyhalothrin masih dapat digunakan sebagai kontrol vektor di Kabupaten Purworejo Kata kunci: Anopheles spp, lambdacyhalothrin. Status Kerentanan. ABSTRACT Title: Susceptibility Status of Anopheles spp. to Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% in Pituruh Subdistrict, Purworejo District. Background: Anopheles spp is a malaria mosquito vector in Purworejo Regency. The monitoring of the susceptibility status of Anopheles spp to insecticides not implemented. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility status of Anopheles spp mosquitoes in Pituruh Subdistrict. Method: The design of this study used quasi-experiment with samples of Anopheles spp mosquitoes as a result of F1 colonization The mosquitoes used for testing are female Anopheles spp mosquitoes. The total number of mosquitoes tested was 120 mosquitoes. Repetition was carried out 6 times with the details of 4 tubes as a treatment and 2 tubes as controls for each tube containing 20 mosquitoes. Result: The results showed that the average knock down of Anopheles spp mosquitoes during the 60-minute exposure was 19 per repetition (92.5%). After a 24-hour holding, the average mortality of Anopheles spp mosquitoes was 20 per repetition (100%). Mosquito deaths reached 80 mosquitoes (100%) at 12 hours. In the control group, the number of mosquito deaths after 24 hours holding was 2 tails (0.5%), so there was no need to make corrections using the Abbots formula Conclusion : Anopheles spp mosquitoes are said to be susceptible to lambdacyhalothrin so lambdacyhalothrin can still be used as vector control in Purworejo Regency Keywords : Anopheles spp, lambdacyhalothrin. Susceptibility