1. Lithium Chloride Promotes Endogenous Synthesis of CLA in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.
- Author
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Liu J, Shen J, Zong J, Fan Y, Cui J, Peng D, and Jin Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Cattle, beta Catenin metabolism, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta analysis, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta metabolism, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta pharmacology, Mammary Glands, Animal metabolism, Milk chemistry, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Lithium Chloride pharmacology, Lithium Chloride analysis, Lithium Chloride metabolism, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated analysis, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated metabolism, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated pharmacology
- Abstract
Although conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can promote human health, its content in milk is insufficient to have a significant impact. The majority of the CLA in milk is produced endogenously by the mammary gland. However, research on improving its content through nutrient-induced endogenous synthesis is relatively scarce. Previous research found that the key enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) for the synthesis of CLA, can be expressed more actively in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) when lithium chloride (LiCl) is present. This study investigated whether LiCl can encourage CLA synthesis in MAC-T cells. The results showed that LiCl effectively increased SCD and proteasome α5 subunit (PSMA5) protein expression in MAC-T cells as well as the content of CLA and its endogenous synthesis index. LiCl enhanced the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and its downstream enzymes acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and Perilipin 2 (PLIN2). The addition of LiCl significantly enhanced p-GSK-3β, β-catenin, p-β-catenin protein expression, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and downregulation factor genes for mRNA expression (P < 0.05). These findings highlight that LiCl can increase the expression of SCD and PSMA5 by activating the transcription of HIF-1α, Wnt/β-catenin, and the SREBP1 signaling pathways to promote the conversion of trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) to the endogenous synthesis of CLA. This data suggests that the exogenous addition of nutrients can increase CLA content in milk through pertinent signaling pathways., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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