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Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816) Pediculus setosus von Olfers, 1816: 80. Pediculus piliferus Burmeister, 1838 *: Species 13. Haematopinus piliferous [sic] (Burmeister); Denny 1842: 28, pl. 25: fig. 4. Haematopinus bicolor Lucas, 1847: 538, pl. 9: fig. 2a. Pediculus isopus Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1861: 290. Pediculus flavidus Nitzsch, 1864: 27. Haematopinus piliferus (Burmeister, 1839) [sic]; Giebel 1874: 40. Haematopinus piliferus (Burmeister, 1838); Piaget 1880: 643, pl. 52: fig. 6. Haematopinus piliferus (Burmeister, 1838); Osborn 1896: 169, fig. 98. Trichaulus piliferus (Burmeister, 1838); Enderlein 1904a: 142. Linognathus piliferus (Burmeister, 1838); Enderlein 1905: 194. Linognathus piliferus (Burmeister, 1838); Mjöberg 1910: 157, fig. 77. Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816); Ferris 1916: 205. Linognathus piliferus (Burmeister, 1838); Ewing 1929: 39, fig. 75. Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816); Ferris 1932: 340, figs 206–207, 216E. Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816); Ferris 1951: 235, figs 103–104. Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816); Kim et al. 1986: 130, pl. 40. Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816); Durden & Musser, 1994: 42. Type host: Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 —Domestic dog. Malaysian host: Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 (see Remarks). Malaysian locality: Not given (Collela et al. 2020). Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan (Durden & Musser 1994; Price & Graham 1997). Remarks: The adult male and female of L. setosus were redescribed and illustrated by Ferris (1932a). In Malaysia, Colella et al. (2020) recorded Linognathus setosus from approximately 21 out of 1152 cats examined (1.8% relative frequency), but the authors did not discuss the unusual occurrence of this louse on cats, given that L. setosus was known as a specific parasite of domestic dogs and other canines (Durden & Musser 1994). Unlike Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909), which some regarded as a general “carnivore” louse (Colless 1959; Price & Graham 1997; Norhidayu et al. 2012), the occurrence of L. setosus from domestic cats is most likely erroneous., Published as part of Kazim, Abdul-Rahman, Houssaini, Jamal, Tappe, Dennis & Heo, Chong-Chin, 2022, An annotated checklist of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, with lists of hosts and pathogens, pp. 301-336 in Zootaxa 5214 (3) on page 314, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7389119, {"references":["Olfers, I. F. J. M. von (1816) De vegetativis et animatis corporibus in corporibus animatis reperiundis commentarius. Taberna Libraria Maureriana, Berolini, vi + 113 pp., 1 pl.","Burmeister, H. (1838) Pediculina. In: Burmeister, H. (Ed.), Genera quaedam Insectorum. Iconibus illustravit et descripsit. Vol. 1. Rhynchota. Burmeister et Stange, Berolini, pp. 8, 2 pls. [unnumbered] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8144","Denny, H. (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or, an essay on the British species of parasitic insects belonging to the order of Anoplura of Leach, with the modern divisions of the genera according to the views of Leach, Nitzsch, and Burmeister, with highly magnified figures of each species. Henry G. Bohn, London, xxiv + 262 pp., 26 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 137104","Lucas, M. H. (1847) Notice sur une nouvelle espece d´epizoique appurtenant au genre de Haematopinus et qui vit parasite sur l´antilope des Indes (Antilope cervicaprae Pallas). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 5, 531 - 540.","Nitzsch, C. L. (1864) Beobachtungen der Arten von Pediculus. Zeitschrift fur die gesammten Naturwissenschaften, Halle, 23, 21 - 32.","Giebel, C. G. A. (1874) Insecta epizoa. Die auf Saugetieren und Vogeln schmarotzenden Insecten nach Chr. L. Nitzsch's Nachlass bearbeitet. Otto Wigand, Leipzig, xvi + 308 pp., 20 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66072","Piaget, E. (1880) Les Pediculines. Essai Monographique. Vols. 1 - 2. E. J. Brill, Leide, xxxix + 714 pp., 56 pls.","Osborn, H. (1896) Insects affecting domestic animals: an account of the species of importance in North America, with mention of related forms occurring on other animals. Bulletin U. S. Department of Agriculture Division Entomology, New Series, 5, 1 - 302, 2 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64990","Enderlein, G. (1904 a) Lausestudien. I. Uber die Morphologie, Klassifikation und systematische Stellung der Anopluren nebst Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Insektenordnungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28, 121 - 147.","Enderlein, G. (1905) Lausestudien IV. Uber einen auffaligen Sexualdimorphismus bei Polyplax spinulosa (Burm.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 29, 192 - 194.","Mjoberg, E. (1910) Studien uber Mallophagen und Anopluren. Arkiv for Zoologi, 6 (13), 1 - 296, 5 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26907","Ferris, G. F. (1916) A catalogue and host list of the Anoplura. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 6 (6), 129 - 213.","Ewing, H. E. (1929) A manual of external parasites. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London, xvi + 225 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3271887","Ferris, G. F. (1951) The sucking lice. Memoirs of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 1, 1 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149669","Kim, K. C., Pratt, H. D. & Stojanovich, C. J. (1986) The sucking lice of North America - An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania and London, xii + 241 pp.","Durden, L. A. & Musser, G. G. (1994) The sucking lice (Insecta, Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomic checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 218, 1 - 90.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, iv + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Price, M. A. & Graham, O. H. (1997) Chewing and sucking lice as parasites of mammals and birds. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 320 pp.","Ferris, G. F. (1932 a) Contributions towards a monograph of the sucking lice. Part V. Stanford University Publications, University Series: Biological Sciences, 2, 271 - 413.","Colella, V., Nguyen, V. L., Tan, D-Y., Lu, N., Fang, F., Zhijuan, Y., Wang, J., Liu, X., Chen, X., Dong, J., Nurcahyo, W., Hadi, U. K., Venturina, V., Tong, K. B. Y., Tsai, Y-L., Taweethavonsawat, P., Tiwananthagorn, S., Le, T. - Q., Bui, K. L., Watanabe, M., Rani, P. A. M. A., Annoscia, G., Beugnet, F., Otranto, D. & Halos, L. (2020) Zoonotic vectorborne pathogens and ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Eastern and Southeast Asia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26 (6), 1221 - 1233. https: // doi. org / 10.3201 / eid 2606.191832","Colless, D. (1959) Heterodoxus spiniger (Mallophaga: Boopidae) from cats in Singapore. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274490","Norhidayu, S., Mohd-Zain, S. N., Jeffery, J. & Lewis, J. W. (2012) The dog louse Heterodoxus spiniger from stray cats in Penang, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine, 29, 301 - 303."]}

This case report was prepared to give information about Linognathus setosus (von Olfers, 1816) detected on a 2-year-old male Rottweiler breed dog which was brought to a private veterinary clinic due to restlessness and itching. Lice were found especially on the head, neck and back regions of the dog in the examination for ectoparasites. Four female, 2 male and 9 nymph lice were collected from dog. The collected lice were preserved in eppendorf tubes containing 70% ethanol (C2H5OH) and were sent to the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University for species identification. In the laboratory, the lice were left to be transparent in a 10% potassium hydroxide solution and passed through a series of alcohols (70% - 99% ethanol), glued onto the slide with Canadian balsam and examined microscopically. Lice were identified as L. setosus. Although this species has been reported in Turkey, there is no article about its morphological structure, biology and prevalence. Therefore, detailed informations about the morphological features of L. setosus are given to inform veterinarians and scientists working in this field.

A clinical study was performed in 21 dogs to evaluate the efficacy of selamectin for the treatment of naturally acquired infection of sucking lice (Linognathus setosus [L.setosus]) in dogs. Each dog was randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group was treated with selamectin applied topically at a mean dosage of 7.9 mg/kg. The other group was treated with permethrin applied topically at a mean dosage of 85.7 mg/kg. At day 42 posttreatment, all animals remaining in the study (10 treated with selamectin and six with permethrin) were clear of lice. In both groups, the reduction in lice counts from pretreatment values to day 42 was statistically significant at P≤0.0001. Selamectin applied topically appeared to be effective against L. setosus infection in dogs.

Although earlier studies have shown the sensory equipment of some species of Anoplura, the objective of the current study is to provide further information on the species already studied, Haematopinus suis, H. eurysternus, H. asini , to report findings regarding the sensory equipment of other species not studied until now, such as Linognathus setosus, L. stenopsis, L. vituli and Solenopotes sp. and to make a comparative study of the sensilla and the sensilla terms used by the authors who have researched this group and relatef groups of Phthiraptera. Antennae were investigated using scanning electron microscopy to describe the types, morphology, and distribution of sensory structures. Fixation was carried out with 70% ethyl alcohol and dehydration by lyophilization. The apex of the fifth antennal segment always had sense pegs. The number, shape and size differed for all species studied. The sensillar complex of antennal segment V was formed by one sensilla coeloconica and at least one pore organ. The sensillar complex of antennal segment IV was formed by a sensilla coeloconica near to a sensilla trichoidea. Sensilla campanifornia were only found in the first and second antennal segments.

Dogs infested with lice belonging either to the group of Mallophaga (hairlings, i.e., Trichodectes canis) or Anoplura (bloodsucking lice, e.g., Linognathus setosus) were washed with the neem seed preparations MiteStop® or Wash Away Dog. It was found that a single treatment with one of these products killed both motile stages and those developing inside eggs (nits) being glued at the hair. In both cases the product had been left for 20 min onto the hair before it was washed away just with normal tap water.

Se cita para las especies domésticas Canis familiaris los Phthiraptera Linognathus setosus (von Olfers 1816) y Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein 1909), y para Capra hircus a Linognathus africanus Kellogg & Paine (Kellog and Paine 1911) provenientes de la provincia de Ñuble, VIII Región. Se discute la descripción de Heterodoxus longitarsus (Piaget 1880) hecha anteriormente en Chile y también la presencia de L. africanus en Chile. The presence of the Phthiraptera species Linognathus setosus (von Olfers 1816) and‘Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein 1909) on the domestic dog Canis familiaris, and Linognathus africanus (Kellog and Paine 1911) on Capra hircus are described in the province of Ñuble, 8th Region of Chile. The description of Heterodoxus longitarsus (Paiget 1880), and the presence of L. africanus in Chile is discussed.

Linognathus setosus (vonOlfers) Clarendon Co., unlisted location, 15 October 1984, ex Canis lupus Linnaeus (domestic dog), coll. D. Manley. Linognathus setosus is an ectoparasite of both domestic and feral dogs. This louse is rarely collected in South Carolina possibly because pet owners use systemic pesticides to control nematodes, ticks, fleas, and other ectoparasites. Feral dogs and coyotes might be infested with L. setosus., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A. & Wrenn, William J., 2004, Ectoparasitic chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae), lice (Phthiraptera), and Hemiptera (Cimicidae and Reduviidae) from South Carolina, U. S. A., pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 647 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158298

Several arthropods that live as ectoparasites on domestic dogs can cause severe dermatitis or act as vectors of pathogenic agents, resulting in serious diseases not only in dogs, but also in humans. We studied ectoparasites found on Canis familiaris sampled in five areas in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The prevalence of fleas, ticks and lice was analyzed, as well as their seasonal variations through the different sites studied. The kind of infestation found in each host was determined and the intensity of natural infestation was estimated. The study was carried out from October 2001 to July 2002, with 116 dogs that lived in rural areas and did not receive control treatments. In order to remove the ectoparasites, the dogs' skin was rubbed with a piece of cotton soaked in ether. All dogs had at least one species of ectoparasites. A total number of 5193 ectoparasites were found corresponding to four species, 15.7% Ctenocephalides canis, 73% Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 1.8 Linognathus setosus and 9.4% Heterodoxus spiniger. R. sanguineus was the most abundant species, and C. canis was the only flea species found. This may be due to the dogs being exclusively rural animals. Within the zones sampled, Magdalena showed the greatest prevalence, maybe as a consequence of having the highest relative humidity in relation to the other areas. Triple infestation (ticks-fleas-lice) was observed in 56.9% of the dogs; 39.6% presented double infestation, most being ticks-fleas, and only 3.4% showed simple infestation (lice). Female hosts were the most affected. Even though there were records of ectoparasites throughout all the year, a higher intensity was observed during the spring months, most likely as a result of the increase in temperature after the winter months.