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This study investigates the global well-posedness of a coupled Navier–Stokes–Darcy model incorporating the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman–Jones interface boundary condition in two-dimensional Euclidean space. We establish the existence of global strong solutions for the system in both linear and nonlinear cases where porosity depends on pressure. When dealing with the time-dependent porous media, the primary challenge in obtaining closed prior estimates arises from the presence of complex, sharp interfaces. To address this issue, we employ the classical Trace Theorem. Such space-time variable coupled systems are crucial for understanding underground fluid flow.

Descurainia sophia, as an an ethno-medicinal plant, contains antioxidant compounds that safeguard cellular integrity against various forms of damage and may play a role in cancer prevention. Antioxidant compounds present in this plant facilitate the body's production of new cells and diminish the risk of colon cancer. In recent years, silver nanoparticles synthesized through green methods using ethnomedicinal herbs have been employed in cancers treatment. We have conducted an investigation into silver nanoparticles that were synthesized through green chemistry principles, utilizing the Descurainia sophia leaves extract for lung carcinoma treatment. The efficacy of Ag NPs against prevalent lung cancer cells was assessed. The green-synthesized silver nanoparticles characterization was conducted utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings from morphological analyses validate the nanoparticles spherical shape, which ranges in size from 20 to 60 nm. The IC50 values were determined to be 173, 125, and 109 μg/mL for HLC-1, LC-2/ad, and PC-14 cell lines, respectively. According to recent data, Ag NPs may be a useful option to support the treatment of lung cancer. Although the current study presents encouraging findings, further investigation is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of silver nanoparticles on HUVEC cells.

This study focused on investigating the global well-posedness of a coupled Navier-Stokes-Darcy model with the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman-Jones interface boundary condition in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. By utilizing this approach, we successfully obtained the global strong solution of the system in the three-dimensional space. Furthermore, we demonstrated the exponential stability of this strong solution. The significance of such coupled systems lies in their pivotal role in the analysis of subsurface flow problems, particularly in the context of karst aquifers.

With the fast growth of information technology (IT), the safety of image transmission and the storing of images are becoming increasingly important. Traditional image encryption algorithms have certain limitations in transmission and security, so there is an urgent need for a secure and reliable image encryption algorithm. A universal compression sensing (CS) image encryption (IE) algorithm based on DNA-triploid mutation (DTM) is presented in this paper. Firstly, by using the CS algorithm, an image is compressed while obtaining a range of chaotic sequences by iteration of a chaotic map. Then, DNA sequences are generated by encoding the image and, based on the DTM, new mutant DNA sequences are generated according to specific rules. Next, the chaotic sequences are operated at the DNA level to perform confusion and diffusion operations on the image to ensure the security of the data. Finally, DNA decoding is carried out to obtain the compressed encrypted image. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively complete encryption and decryption of images. The performance test results show that the algorithm has a sufficiently large key space of 10587. The information entropy of the cipher image is close to 8. In summary, both simulation experiments and performance tests fully show that a high level of security and reliability for the proposed algorithm in protecting image privacy is achieved.

The magnetic field surrounding wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is difficult for the general public to discern in practice. To address this problem, a system that only measures the current in the coils for transferring and receiving to get the coupler’s magnetic field strength at a specific geographic location in space is proposed. The system includes a current transformer, inductive power-harvesting device, rectifier module, voltage regulation module, microprocessor, AD module, and display module. Due to the fixed mechanical structure and position of the coupler when working, the calculation model of the magnetic field of the coupler is established, and the magnetic structure factor based on the mechanical structure of the coupler is defined. The system can obtain power and operate based on the inductive power harvesting principle without damaging the WPT system structure. It also can realize the convenient display of the magnetic field and avoid the dependence on professional instruments when measuring the magnetic field of the coupler. In addition, it is easy to implement in practice.

Background: Hypoxia is a crucial factor in the development of esophageal cancer. The relationship between hypoxia and immune status in the esophageal cancer microenvironment is becoming increasingly important in clinical practice. This study aims to clarify and investigate the possible connection between immunotherapy and hypoxia in esophageal cancer. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas databases are used to find two types of esophageal cancer cases. Cox regressions analyses are used to screen genes for hypoxia-related traits. After that, the genetic signature is validated by survival analysis and the construction of ROC curves. GSEA is used to compare differences in enrichment in the two groups and is followed by the CIBERSORT tool to investigate a potentially relevant correlation between immune cells and gene signatures. Results: We found that the esophageal adenocarcinoma hypoxia model contains 3 genes (PGK1, PGM1, SLC2A3), and the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma hypoxia model contains 2 genes (EGFR, ATF3). The findings demonstrated that the survival rate of patients in the high-risk group is lower than in the lower-risk group. Furthermore, we find that three kinds of immune cells (memory activated CD4+ T cells, activated mast cells, and M2 macrophages) have a marked infiltration in the tissues of patients in the high-risk group. Moreover, we find that PD-L1 and CD244 are highly expressed in high-risk groups. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that oxygen deprivation is correlated with prognosis and the incidence of immune cell infiltration in patients with both types of esophageal cancer, which provides an immunological perspective for the development of personalized therapy.

In order to achieve high-efficiency transmission in the electric vehicles’ wireless power transfer system, it is important to ensure that the transmitting and receiving coils are properly aligned. Only if the real-time offset position of the two coils is obtained can the driver align the two coils. This paper proposes a novel offset angle detection strategy for wireless charging coils based on electronic compasses, aiming at the angle offset between transmitting and receiving coils. An electronic compass is placed in the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, respectively. In this process, the exact angle positioning of the charging coil is realized with the aid of geomagnetic and the application of vector theory to determine the offset angle between the two coils. Finally, an experimental prototype has been constructed. The experimental results indicate that the positioning error of the coil angle is within 1 °. This method’s measurement process is simple, and the deviation angle between the coils can be directly and conveniently calculated by examining the electronic compass output, which helps guide to align the transmitting coil with the receiving coil.

Mangroves are an important source of blue carbon that grow in coastal areas. The study of mangrove species distribution is the basis of carbon storage research. In this study, we explored the potential of combining optical (Gaofen-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-9) and fully polarized synthetic aperture radar data from different periods (Gaofen-3) to distinguish mangrove species in the Fucheng town of Leizhou, Guangdong Province. The Gaofen-1 data were fused with Sentinel-2 and Landsat-9 satellite data, respectively. The new data after fusion had both high spatial and spectral resolution. The backscattering coefficient and polarization decomposition parameters of the fully polarized SAR data which could characterize the canopy structure of mangroves were extracted. Ten different feature combinations were designed by combining the two types of data. The extremely randomized trees algorithm (ERT) was used to classify the species, and the optimal feature subset was selected by the feature selection algorithm on the basis of the ERT, and the importance of the features was sorted. Studies show the following: (1) When controlling a single variable, the higher the spatial resolution of the multi-spectral data, the higher the interspecific classification accuracy. (2) The coupled Sentinel-2 and Landsat-9 data with a 2 m resolution will have higher classification accuracy than a single data source. (3) The selected feature subset contains all types of features in the optical data and the polarization decomposition features of the SAR data from different periods: multi-spectral band > texture feature > polarization decomposition parameter > vegetation index. Among the optimized feature combinations, the classification accuracy of mangrove species was the highest, the overall classification accuracy was 90.13%, and Kappa was 0.84, indicating that multi-source and SAR data from different periods coupling could improve the discrimination of mangrove species. (4) The ERT classification algorithm is suitable for the study of mangrove species classification, and the classification accuracy of extremely random trees in this paper is higher than that of random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Bayesian (Bayes). The results can provide technical guidance and data support for mangrove species monitoring based on multi-source satellite data.

BackgroundWith a pronounced and historically unprecedented tendency of population ageing, research on ageing and related disorders has been increasingly brought into focus. Horticultural therapy (HT), as an important role of social prescribing, has been an integrative for decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate HT for general health in older adults.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang database, grey literature databases and clinical trials registers were searched from inception to March 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs (QRCTs) and the cohort studies about HT for adults aged over 60 were included in this study. Outcome measures were physical function, quality of life, BMI, mood tested by self-reported questionnaire and the expression of the immune cells. The study was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42019146184).ResultsTotally, fifteen studies (thirteen RCTs and two cohort studies) involving 1046 older participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that HT resulted in better quality of life (MD 2.09, 95% CI [1.33, 2.85], PConclusionsHT may improve physical function and quality of life in older adults, reduce BMI and enhance positive mood. A suitable duration of HT may be between 60 to 120 minutes per week lasting 1.5 to 12 months. However, it remains unclear as to what constitutes an optimal recommendation.

Recently, most wireless power transmission (WPT) systems have used a “one-to-one” charging method of one receiving coil to one transmitting coil. However, when the receiving coil is offset in this way, the mutual inductance between the transmitting and receiving coils will be weakened, and the flexibility of the WPT system application will also be reduced. Therefore, how to realize the “one-to-many” transmission mode of one transmitting coil to multiple receiving coils and ensure the power stability of multiple loads is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to solve the above problems, the LCC-S topology is combined with the three-phase circuit, and a three-phase omnidirectional WPT system coil scheme is proposed based on the power characteristics of the three-phase LCC-S topology in this paper. Firstly, the influence of the resonance compensation topology on power characteristics is analyzed through circuit theory and a more suitable LCC-S topology is chosen. Then, the optimal coil scheme of the three-phase omnidirectional WPT system is proposed based on the law of mutual inductance. Compared with the original scheme, the theoretical calculation results show that the power fluctuation of the system is reduced by 75.13%. Finally, a set of three-phase WPT system model and test systems similar to the theory are established, which effectively verify the improvement of the proposed scheme, and verify the correctness and feasibility of the scheme.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has become a popular way to solve the battery charging problem of mobile devices. However, when designing a new WPT system, transfer power, power transfer efficiency (PTE), electromagnetic environment (EME) and other factors usually need to be considered. Firstly, for commonly used unshielded disk resonator, this paper establishes the theoretical analysis models of EME and transfer performance. Then, the multi-scheme evaluation method of disk resonators considering the WPT system transfer performance and the EME indicator is proposed. In addition, we also evaluate multi-resonator schemes made of the existing coil models in the laboratory using the above method. After considering the transfer power, PTE, coil overcurrent and EME, the optimal resonator scheme is obtained. Finally, the above evaluation method is verified by electromagnetic simulator COMSOL and experiment. The evaluation method proposed serves therefore for researchers and developers to significantly improve the design efficiency.

This paper proposes a ground-side power transmitting coil parameter design method that takes the length of the transmitting coil as an optimization target, which takes into account the driving speed of EV (Electrical Vehicle), the EV's power consumption per kilometer, the coil energy loss and the system charging efficiency. The system uses a long-track transmitting coil, rectangular receiving coil, and LCC-S resonance compensation topology. First, the charging power and energy transmission efficiency are calculated. Based on the condition that the dynamic wireless charging power within 1km is not less than the EV's power consumption per kilometer, the lower limit of the charging power is determined. Secondly, the minimum value of transmitting coil current is inferred from the peak value of the charging power, the corresponding compensation inductance and transmitting coil wire diameter are further obtained, then the relationship between the system efficiency, the load resistance and the transmitting coil length is calculated. Under the condition that the charging efficiency is not less than 80%, the selection range of the transmitting coil's length and the load resistance value is initially determined, which further refined by combining the curve of the charging power with the load resistance value and “2 second principle”. Finally, aiming at segmenting a road section of 1 km in integers with the least number of transmitting coil segments, the number of transmitting coil segments and coil length that simultaneously meet the economic requirements for coil laying and system efficiency are determined. Finally, the feasibility of the above transmitting coil parameter design method is verified through experiment. The parameter design and optimization method of ground-side power transmitting coil of EV DWPT charging system proposed in this paper provides a reference for the design of the power transmitting coil length of EV DWPT charging system in the high-speed driving scene.

The equivalent resistance of the battery will change during charging in practical applications, so it is difficult to design a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with accurate constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) output characteristics. In addition, the WPT system efficiency is also affected by the change of equivalent resistance. Therefore, this paper studies the charging control and efficiency optimization strategy for the WPT system with dynamic loads. The WPT system with a structure of double-sided LCC compensation topology and containing controllable rectifier circuit at the secondary side is established, and the working process of full-bridge controllable rectifier circuit is analyzed. Then the output characteristics of the WPT system are analyzed. The expressions of the optimal transmission efficiency and the optimal equivalent impedance of the full-bridge rectifier are derived. The relationships between the equivalent impedance of the capacitor-filtered full-bridge controllable rectifier circuit and the phase shift angle, the charging current and the phase shift angle are also obtained. In this paper, the CC and CV charging strategies based on phase shift control of controllable rectifier circuit and efficiency optimization strategy based on dynamic equivalent impedance matching are proposed, which can improve the WPT system transmission efficiency while realizing CC and CV charging. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment. The WPT system realizes CC charging mode and CV charging mode in turn when the load resistance changes from $5~\Omega $ to $30~\Omega $ , and the overall efficiency is up to 90.71% at the transmission distance of 15cm.

Abstract An increasing number of Asian people are seeking nonsurgical facial aesthetic treatments. Ethnic Asians differ from Western populations in both facial appearance and baseline structural facial anatomy. And there is a lack of clinical instruction to doctors who provide facial aesthetic treatment for Asian patients. The authors proposed the “未来 Future Codes” design in Chinese calligraphy describing the art of facial injection in Asians to help doctors perform well. “未来” are pictograph of 2 Chinese characters, translated into English as “Future,” which represent beautiful meanings and vividly describe the procedure and operating area of the design methods. The concept encompasses a systematic overall design for the art of facial injection in Asians, and these procedures are easy to learn and perform safely. This is the first systematic solution available in the clinic that can be used to design facial aesthetics and rejuvenation in Asians through Eastern philosophy and culture. Level of Evidence: 5

The increasing price of rare earth permanent magnet has refocused the attentions to substitute Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) with Wound Field Synchronous Machine (WFSM), which needs an excitation device to deliver current to the field winding. This paper presents one solution transferring the excitation power into the winding on the rotor of WFSM via electro-magnetic coupling resonance. Analysis, design, and prototype construction of the system are presented. Experiments demonstrate the system can transfer 200W to the field winding of a 2kW WFSM and the overall excitation device efficiency can reach 85%. The proposed technique has unique advantages over other wireless power transfer excitation technologies.

To improve the stability of receiving power in the wireless power transmission system with unfixed receiving position, a flexible power control strategy without the measurement in secondary side and the wireless communication between primary and secondary sides is proposed. The circuit model of a multiphase resonant inverter (MPRI) with cascaded intercell transformers (ICTs) is developed. The output voltage control strategy of the MPRI is introduced based on the iterative summation method for trigonometric functions. The circuit model of the system is derived to deduce the expressions for the key parameters. Considering the cascaded ICTs and the inductor-capacitor-capacitor (LCC) compensation circuit in the primary side, the design method of the compensation parameters is proposed based on the circuit model of the MPRI. After synthesizing the online monitoring, parameter pre-calculation, prediction of several conditions, and online learning, the flexible power control strategy is put forward for the wireless power transmission system with unfixed receiver position. Without the auxiliary positioning methods, the measurement in the secondary side, or the wireless communication between primary and secondary sides, the recognition of the load access and exit, as well as the power stabilization control after access, are realized. Finally, the theoretical analyses and the control strategy are validated by experiments.

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system will usually contact with the metal environment in military applications. Adjacent large metal plates will result in severe deviation of system parameters and degradation of system performance. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, an optimization method of additional ferrite is proposed in this paper based on the magnetic field aggregation to decrease the influence of metal plates. First, the characteristic of influence caused by metal plates is analyzed through circuit theory and the optimization goal is pointed out. Then, the influence characteristic of the typical metal surface plate and the curved plate is obtained by the FEM simulation. Subsequently, the optimization scheme is investigated based on magnetic field aggregation. By analyzing the adjustment rules of multiple design parameters, the optimization scheme is formed ultimately. Based on the optimization scheme, the maximum 33% deviation of the system parameter is completely corrected and the transmission performance index parameter is improved according to the simulation. In addition, an improved strategy is proposed to reduce the system eddy current loss. Finally, the influences of metal plates and the beneficial effect of the optimization scheme are verified by the experiment. The effectiveness of the improved scheme for eddy current loss is also verified. The experiment results demonstrate that the deviation of system parameters is completely corrected and the transmission performance index parameter is improved by 5.54%.

This study proposes an optimization strategy, which is based on a dimension reduction method with sensitivity analysis, for fast multi-objective optimization of coil design in the wireless power transmission (WPT) system. The multi-objective optimization process of coil in WPT usually involves general genetic algorithm (GA) and derivatives that suffer from common problems of slow search speed and heavy calculation burden, especially in the presence of multiple optimization variables. Moreover, in a complicated WPT system with ferrite, the optimization objective, such as the coupling factor $k$ , is difficult to calculate analytically; in practice, it is acquired numerically using the finite element method (FEM), which also adds to the optimization complexity and time consumption. As a remedy, we propose the new strategy by simplifying the original complex optimization problem firstly with sensitivity assessment, and then applying NSGA-II convergence algorithm for optimization. Firstly, the optimization strategy is introduced, including the evaluation method, dimension reduction method and entire multi-objective optimization process. Then the optimization strategy is implemented to optimize the design parameters of a coil system. The sensitivity of design parameters is assessed with FEM analysis to realize the dimension reduction, and the optimization framework is established. Afterwards, the high sensitivity parameters will be optimized utilizing the multi-objective algorithm to obtain the optimal parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional NSGA-II algorithm, the proposed strategy yields a 44% reduction in the iteration time required for system convergence. Furthermore, the good agreement between the simulation and the measured sensitivity data and optimal parameters presents additional validation for the optimization strategy. The experiment further shows that implementation of the proposed strategy could lead to an increase in the maximum efficiency of the WPT system from 79.85% to 93.2%.

Bidirectional wireless power transmission (BD-WPT) systems are applicable to occasions that need bidirectional energy flows, such as vehicle-to-grid technology. The traditional BD-WPT systems work at a fixed frequency and the optimal transmission efficiency of the systems is fixed. Combining the frequency characteristics of AC resistance, the mathematical model of variable frequency BD-WPT system is built in this paper. Then, the characteristics of transmission efficiency and the characteristics of maximum active power are analyzed based on the model. In order to make the BD-WPT system have higher transmission efficiency, a BD-WPT system with variable structural parameters and the corresponding segmented powerefficiency coordinated control strategy are proposed in this paper. According to different reference power on the secondary side, the BD-WPT system can work in different resonant frequency segments by controlling the switching of corresponding relays in the capacitor arrays on the primary and secondary sides and changing working frequency of the H-bridge converters on the primary and secondary sides. By using the proposed control strategy, the transmission power, and direction, can be tunable segmentally while maintaining high transmission efficiency. The proposed concept is verified to be effective through experiment.

Due to the open structure of wireless charging systems, foreign objects are inevitably involved. In the process of energy transfer, the intervention of metal foreign objects will cause the system to deviate from the normal operating point and even cause safety accidents. Therefore, metal foreign objects detection (MOD) technology is of considerable importance. In this paper, a metal foreign object detection system of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the symmetrical detection coil was designed, and a MOD method based on frequency scanning is proposed. The coil size of the WPT system was designed based on SAE-J2954 standard. In addition, the suitable detection coil was installed at the transmitting coil. The system model was established in ANSYS simulation software, and 5 cm × 5 cm copper sheet and iron sheet were used as the metal to be detected. The result shows that the self-induction of the detection coil at the position of the foreign object can achieve a fluctuation of 52.46% and −34.72%, and the resonant frequency of the detection system is offset by 24.7% and −18.82%, respectively. Finally, the experimental platform of MOD system was built, and the effectiveness of the system was verified.

In this paper, the effect of non-ferromagnetic metal shielding (NFMS) material on the resonator of wireless power transfer (WPT) is studied by modeling, simulation and experimental analysis. And, the effect of NFMS material on the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of WPT systems is investigated by circuit model. Meanwhile, the effect of ferromagnetic metal shielding material on the PTE of WPT systems is analyzed through simulation. A double layer metal shield structure is designed. Experimental results demonstrate that by applying the novel double layer metal shielding method, the system PTE increases significantly while the electromagnetic field of WPT systems declines dramatically.

In order to solve the problem of the electric vehicle (EV) charging amount fluctuation caused by the variation of driving speed during dynamic wireless charging, this paper proposes an EV dynamic wireless charging control method adapting to speed change. Firstly, a dynamic wireless charging model based on a long-track transmitting coil is established, and the expression of the charging power of each load under multi-load situation is obtained. Secondly, the influence of the EV charging number and maximum driving speed on the range of system parameters is studied. Subsequently, the method for determining the load resistance value according to the driving speed under a multi-EV charging condition is further discussed. Afterwards, a charging power control method adapting to the speed variation by load adjustment is proposed. By adjusting the equivalent load of the variable-speed charging EV, its speed variation range can reach 20~60 km/h, while the remaining EVs’ charging power fluctuation range can be kept within 10%~15%. Finally, the experimental prototype is built to verify the above-mentioned control method.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) have gained extensive attention due to their many advantages. However, human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has become a serious concern in high-power cases. In this paper, shielding techniques, including magnetic, metallic, and resonant reactive current shields, are investigated. Finite element method software is used to evaluate and compare the shielding effectiveness, charger weight, and system performance. The results show that the resonant reactive current shielding has a low EMF level with reasonable system efficiency and acceptable charger weight. In addition, 5 kW with 15 cm air gap WPT chargers were built to validate the simulation results.

As is common in multi-load wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on series–series compensation topology, the power received by loads and the efficiency of the process are highly sensitive to changes in the number of loads. To guarantee that the power supplied to a load remains stable when other loads access or leave the system, we propose an improved multi-load system for WPT. The new system uses an LCC/S topology (based on inductor–capacitor–inductor or LCL topology) to keep the power received by the loads stable. By comparing two scenarios (ideal and real models based on LCC/S topology), we aim to eliminate cross-coupling between receiving coils by connecting compensating capacitors in series on the receiving side. In this way, the stability of the power received by loads is further improved. Moreover, a method of optimizing control over the efficiency is proposed based on the effect on the overall efficiency of impedance and number of loads. This allows us to optimize the overall efficiency of the system. Finally, a system to verify our theoretical analysis is established and used to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed system.

In order to promote the driving range of the electric vehicles (EVs), decrease the demand for large capacity battery and create more charging opportunities for the EVs, the static-dynamic hybrid wireless charging system is presented to utilize waiting time of traffic lights at intersections to replenish electricity in this paper. Firstly, the topology and principle of the proposed static-dynamic hybrid wireless charging system with short-segmented coils at traffic lights are introduced. Secondly, the general circuit model of the static-dynamic hybrid wireless charging system with multi-coupling between the primary and secondary sides is developed. The design method of the compensation circuit in primary side based on the number and the positions of the energized primary coils is investigated. After analyzing the characteristics of the system varying with the position of the single load, the control conceptions of the energizing mode alternating in primary side and the combination of the primary compensation capacitors are put forward. Then the power stabilization control strategy of the static-dynamic hybrid wireless charging system with multi short-segmented coils and multi loads is proposed. Finally, the theoretical analyses are verified with the experiments.

To solve the issues of frequent and inflexible contact charging system for inspection robots, the dynamic wireless charging system for the moving robot is introduced in this paper. In dynamic wireless charging systems with symmetric transceiver, including a single energized transmitting coil and one receiving coil, the receiving power drops significantly when the receiving coil moves to the boundary position of the energized transmitting coil. An asymmetric transceiver, including the single energized transmitting coil and two identical receiving coils connected in series is proposed for power stabilization during the moving process of the inspection robot. Circuit models of the systems with symmetric and asymmetric transceivers are developed. Expressions for the receiving power and the efficiency in these systems are derived. Then, the characteristics of the receiving power and efficiency varying with the position of receiving devices during one cycle of the switching control of the transmitting coils are investigated comparatively. The receiving power drop issue when the receiving coil is at the switching control position of the transmitting coils in the system with symmetric structure is solved by the proposed asymmetric structure with two receiving coils. Finally, the theoretical analyses are verified by experimental results and conclusions are drawn.

The electromagnetic field (EMF) in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system needs to couple inductively between the primary and the secondary coils through a large air gap, thus giving the system a loosely coupled characteristic. Therefore, magnetically permeable material must be employed to improve the coupling and reduce leakage magnetic flux. However, adding an iron core increases the weight and introduces core loss as a new factor. In this paper, a WPT system model using a lumped circuit model is introduced. Moreover, the relationship between the relative permeability and the coupling coefficient in addition to the core amount (core thickness) and core loss are discussed. Three cores structure named: pot, slotted, and shaped bars cores are investigated using finite element method (FEM) software. Inspired by the investigation results, a new core structure using optimum shaped bars is proposed, the EMF level for reducing core loss in high-power transfer systems and in order to mitigate the EMF exposure to humans is intensively evaluated. The proposed core succeeded in reducing EMF and core loss by about 44% and 30%, respectively. The FEM software and physical prototype were used to validate the proposed optimum core structure. Results showed that 3.5 kW power transferred through a 20 cm air gap with 96% system efficiency(coil–coil).

An opportunity wireless charging system for electric vehicles when they stop and wait at traffic lights is proposed in this paper. In order to solve the serious power fluctuation caused by random access loads, this study presents a power stabilization strategy based on counting the number of electric vehicles in a designated area, including counting method, power source voltage adjustment strategy and choice of counting points. Firstly, the circuit model of a wireless power system with multi-loads is built and the equation of each load is obtained. Secondly, after the counting method of electric vehicles is stated, the voltage adjustment strategy, based on the number of electric vehicles when the system is at a steady state, is set out. Then, the counting points are chosen according to power curves when the voltage adjustment strategy is adopted. Finally, an experimental prototype is implemented to verify the power stabilization strategy. The experimental results show that, with the application of this strategy, the charging power is stabilized with the fluctuation of no more than 5% when loads access randomly.

On-road charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) have shown revolutionary potential in extending driving range and reducing battery capacities. The optimal equivalent load resistances to maximize receiving power of each EV according to different EV amounts are investigated. This paper introduces a typical on-road charging system with a single transmitting coil and multiple receiving coils. The equivalent circuit models according to different numbers of EVs are built. Power control strategies with regard to a varying number of EVs are then presented. Specifically, self-adaptive source voltage based on primary current detection is utilized to charge EVs, while the source can support enough EVs by providing the rated power. Otherwise, the source voltage is regulated to its maximum value and the charging energy of each EV is suggested to be controlled by adjusting the individual driving speed. A remarkable feature of the power control strategies is that the charging power for each EV is stable and can compensate for energy losses efficiently. As for urgent power demand from a particular EV with a low battery capacity, the adjustment of the corresponding load resistance is applied to alter the power distribution. The proposed technique has been verified in an experimental prototype.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is greatly affected when the transmission channel is surrounded by non-ferromagnetic metallic objects and the alternating magnetic field interacts with the metal conductor, which is more of an issue in wirelessly charged electric vehicle (EV) applications. This paper analyses the performances of a WPT system in an environment with a non-ferromagnetic metal plate. The impedance model of the WPT system in the metal environment is established. Moreover the variation law of a coil’s equivalent inductance and resistance is deduced when the coil is surrounded by the non-ferromagnetic metal plate. Meanwhile, simulations, theory and experiments all confirm that the model is correct. Finally, since the system performance of a wireless charging system is influenced by non-ferromagnetic metals, this paper puts forward a method to improve the performance, that is, to place ferrite cores between the receiving coil and a metal plate. Experiments are carried out to verify the method, and the desired results are achieved.

Overhead high voltage power line (HVPL) online monitoring equipment is playing an increasingly important role in smart grids, but the power supply is an obstacle to such systems’ stable and safe operation, so in this work a hybrid wireless power supply system, integrated with inductive energy harvesting and wireless power transmitting, is proposed. The energy harvesting device extracts energy from the HVPL and transfers that from the power line to monitoring equipment on transmission towers by transmitting and receiving coils, which are in a magnetically coupled resonant configuration. In this paper, the optimization design of online energy harvesting devices is analyzed emphatically by taking both HVPL insulation distance and wireless power supply efficiency into account. It is found that essential parameters contributing to more extracted energy include large core inner radius, core radial thickness, core height and small core gap within the threshold constraints. In addition, there is an optimal secondary coil turn that can maximize extracted energy when other parameters remain fixed. A simple and flexible control strategy is then introduced to limit power fluctuations caused by current variations. The optimization methods are finally verified experimentally.

Abstract Background Ferroptosis and inflammation are involved in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to identify inflammation-associated ferroptosis regulators in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods FerrDb database was searched for ferroptosis-related genes. RNA sequencing data and clinicopathologic information of HCC patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to obtain the genes probably involved in inflammation-associated ferroptosis. Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to screen prognostic genes, and 10 machine learning algorithms were combined to find the optimal strategy to evaluate the prognosis of the patients based on the prognosis-related genes. The patients were divided into high risk group and low risk group, and the differentially expressed genes were obtained. Thymosin beta 4 X-linked (TMSB4X) was overexpressed or knocked down in HCC cell lines, and then qPCR, CCK-8, Transwell, flow cytometery assays were performed to detect the change of HCC cells’ phenotypes, and Western blot was used to detect the change of ferroptosis markers. Results 157 genes related to inflammation and ferroptosis in HCC were obtained by WGCNA. rLasso algorithm, with the highest C-index, screened out 29 hub genes, and this model showed good efficacy to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. The patients in high risk group and low risk groups showed distinct molecular characteristics. TMSB4X was the most important gene which dominated the classification, and it was highly expressed in HCC samples. TMSB4X promoted the viability, migration and invasion, and repressed ferroptosis of HCC cells. Conclusion The risk model constructed based on the inflammation-associated ferroptosis regulators is effective to predict the clinical outcome of HCC patients. TMSB4X, involved in inflammation-associated ferroptosis, is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.

Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the prognostic and diagnostic value of inflammatory indexes related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from the second trimester to the third trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods In this study, we randomly selected 65 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at our hospital from December 2022 to June 2023 to form the GDM group (n = 65). Additionally, 65 pregnant women at the same gestational weeks without GDM were selected as the Normal group (n = 65). We collected gestational information and serum samples at 24 and 36 weeks of gestation from the participants. The levels of NLRP3, IL-1Ra, and TBP-2 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to explore their changes during pregnancy. Further, this study analyzed the changes in the levels of NLRP3, IL-1Ra, and TBP-2 at 24 and 36 weeks of gestation in GDM patients and their correlation with gestational diabetes mellitus. Results The study showed that pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), neonatal weight, gestational hypertension, and macrosomia are significantly associated with the occurrence of GDM (P

Background/Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may contribute to the development of hematologic malignancies. In this study, the potential relationship between IBD and hematologic malignancies was investigated. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for all cohort studies comparing the incidence of hematologic malignancies in non-IBD populations with that in IBD patients, and we extracted relevant data from January 2000 to June 2023 for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty cohort studies involving 756,377 participants were included in this study. The results showed that compared with the non-IBD cohort, the incidence of hematologic malignancies in the IBD cohort was higher (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]=3.05, p