Search

This paper presents a new infrastructure and semantic portal called ParliamentSampo for studying parliamentary speeches, culture, language, and activities in Finland. For the first time, the entire time series of some million plenary speeches of the Parliament of Finland (PoF) since 1907 have been converted from text into knowledge graphs and data services in unified formats, including CSV, Parla-CLARIN, ParlaMint, and RDF Linked Open Data (LOD). The speech data have been interlinked with a semi-automatically created ontology and a knowledge graph about the activities of over 2800 Members of Parliament (MP) and other speakers in the plenary sessions of the PoF. The data was enriched by data linking to external data sources and by reasoning into a broader LOD service. Knowledge extraction techniques based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) were used for automatic semantic annotations and topical classification of the speeches. The data and data services have been used in Digital Humanities (DH) research projects and for application development, especially for developing the in-use semantic portal ParliamentSampo. The infrastructure and the portal were published on February 14th 2023 on the Web using the open CC BY 4.0 license, and quickly gathered thousands of users, including citizens, media, politicians, and researchers of politics. ParliamentSampo is a new member in the "Sampo" series of over 20 interlinked LOD services and semantic portals in Finland, based on a national Semantic Web infrastructure. Although the paper uses Finnish parliamentary data as a case study, the approach, methods, and tools presented can be adapted also to other parliamentary datasets in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archives that house digital collections often struggle with rapidly evolving workflows and the intrinsic difficulties in managing disordered records. Both physical and digital records may have complex relationships with other records such as drafts of the same document or one document that is included in another, but digital records offer the possibility that a computer may analyze the collection and automatically discover such relationships. An analytical tool for digital collections would employ a model that can represent the network of relationships between files instead of the hierarchical model used in traditional archival arrangement and description. A proof-of-concept of such a tool, employing techniques such as fuzzy and perceptual hashes, demonstrates the viability of this approach and suggests avenues for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the OpenCitations Index, a collection of open citation data maintained by OpenCitations, an independent, not-for-profit infrastructure organisation for open scholarship dedicated to publishing open bibliographic and citation data using Semantic Web and Linked Open Data technologies. The collection involves citation data harvested from multiple sources. To address the possibility of different sources providing citation data for bibliographic entities represented with different identifiers, therefore potentially representing same citation, a deduplication mechanism has been implemented. This ensures that citations integrated into OpenCitations Index are accurately identified uniquely, even when different identifiers are used. This mechanism follows a specific workflow, which encompasses a preprocessing of the original source data, a management of the provided bibliographic metadata, and the generation of new citation data to be integrated into the OpenCitations Index. The process relies on another data collection—OpenCitations Meta, and on the use of a new globally persistent identifier, namely OMID (OpenCitations Meta Identifier). As of July 2024, OpenCitations Index stores over 2 billion unique citation links, harvest from Crossref, the National Institute of Heath Open Citation Collection (NIH-OCC), DataCite, OpenAIRE, and the Japan Link Center (JaLC). OpenCitations Index can be systematically accessed and queried through several services, including SPARQL endpoint, REST APIs, and web interfaces. Additionally, dataset dumps are available for free download and reuse (under CC0 waiver) in various formats (CSV, N-Triples, and Scholix), including provenance and change tracking information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When designing data-driven web applications, users’ informative needs are aligned to knowledge organization (KO) requirements, which are secondly mapped to user interfaces (UI) components, and finally to user experience (UX) journeys. Particularly, when data are served as Linked Open Data, data and user requirements can be associated with competency questions that an ontology should address. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no full-fledged methodology that systematically adopts ontology requirements to design UI components and UX journeys. In this article we propose a methodology to design web applications for information seeking purposes that leverages well-known ontology design methodologies and UI/UX approaches. We present a case study based on music heritage and we evaluate it via a user study.

Introduction: Modern forestry increasingly relies on the management of large datasets, such as forest inventories and land cover maps. Governments are typically in charge of publishing these datasets, but they typically employ disparate data formats (sometimes proprietary ones) and published datasets are commonly disconnected fromother sources, including previous versions of such datasets. As a result, the usage of forestry data is very challenging, especially if we need to combine multiple datasets. Methods and results: Semantic Web technologies, standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), have emerged in the last decades as a solution to publish heterogeneous data in an interoperable way. They enable the publication of self-describing data that can easily interlink with other sources. The concepts and relationships between them are described using ontologies, and the data can be published as Linked Data on the Web, which can be downloaded or queried online. National and international agencies promote the publication of governmental data as Linked Open Data, and research fields such as biosciences or cultural heritage make an extensive use of SemanticWeb technologies. In this study, we present the result of the European Cross-Forest project, addressing the integration and publication of national forest inventories and land cover maps from Spain and Portugal using Semantic Web technologies. We used a bottom-up methodology to design the ontologies, with the goal of being generalizable to other countries and forestry datasets. First, we created an ontology for each dataset to describe the concepts (plots, trees, positions, measures, and so on) and relationships between the data in detail. We converted the source data into Linked Open Data by using the ontology to annotate the data such as species taxonomies. As a result, all the datasets are integrated into one place this is the Cross-Forest dataset and are available for querying and analysis through a SPARQL endpoint. These data have been used in real-world use cases such as (1) providing a graphical representation of all the data, (2) combining it with spatial planning data to reveal the forestry resources under themanagement of Spanish municipalities, and (3) facilitating data selection and ingestion to predict the evolution of forest inventories and simulate how different actions and conditions impact this evolution. Discussion: The work started in the Cross-Forest project continues in current lines of research, including the addition of the temporal dimension to the data, aligning the ontologies and data with additional well-known vocabularies and datasets, and incorporating additional forestry resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a lack of systematisation and unbiased information, finding the optimal combination of software products for health information systems is a challenging endeavour. We present a novel approach to visually explore the domain of application systems and software products for health care along the paths of the Health IT ontology (HITO). We present an algorithm and implementation in a web application that is freely available at the HITO website and licensed under the open source MIT licence. In comparison to other approaches of path-based exploration of knowledge graphs, the novelty of our approach is the use of path finding on the ontology level and combining this both with the instances of the classes along the chosen path as well as search filters to limit the search space. Our approach can be adapted to other domains where users with complex information needs interact with ontologies and knowledge graphs and can be supported by generative artificial intelligence in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although funding acknowledgements (FAs) have been around for nearly three decades, there are not yet enough theoretical and practical studies of them to enable FAs to be considered a consolidated area of research. Fortunately, newly published findings and promising data sources presented in recent years have helped better our understanding of the process of scientific creation and communication and provide evidence of the importance of FAs. This paper seeks to help demonstrate the crucial role FAs play in evaluating research funding's performance. A methodology based on the use of linked open metadata from diverse sources is presented for this purpose. The methodology highlights the important work analysts do to increase the accuracy, solidity, and diversity of the results of FA-based quantitative studies by gathering and analysing the data furnished by funding organisations. Lastly, the projects funded by the Spanish National Science and Research Agency from 2008 to 2020 are evaluated to verify the method's usefulness, robustness, and reproducibility. Also, a new unit of analysis is introduced, funders, to create a new type of co-occurrence network: co-funding. In conclusion, funding agencies' experts and analysts will find that this methodology gives them a valuable instrument for boosting the quality and efficacy of their activities, complying with transparency and accountability requirements, and quantifying the scope of funding results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To implement Open Governance a crucial element is the efficient use of the big amounts of open data produced in the public domain. Public administration is a rich source of data and potentially new knowledge. It is a data intensive sector producing vast amounts of information encoded in government decisions and acts, published nowadays on the World Wide Web. The knowledge shared on the Web is mostly made available via semi-structured documents written in natural language. To exploit this knowledge, technologies such as Natural Language Processing, Information Extraction, Data mining and the Semantic Web could be used, embedding into documents explicit semantics based on formal knowledge representations such as ontologies. Knowledge representation can be made possible by the deployment of Knowledge Graphs, collections of interlinked representations of entities, events or concepts, based on underlying ontologies. This can assist data analysts to achieve a higher level of situational awareness, facilitating automated reasoning towards different objectives, such as for knowledge management, data maintenance, transparency and cybersecurity. This paper presents a new ontology d2kg [d(iavgeia) 2(to) k(nowledge) g(raph)] integrating in a unique way standard EU ontologies, core and controlled vocabularies to enable exploitation of publicly available data from government decisions and acts published on the Greek platform Diavgeia with the aim to facilitate data sharing, re-usability and interoperability. It demonstrates a characteristic example of a Knowledge Graph based representation of government decisions and acts, highlighting its added value to respond to real practical use cases for the promotion of transparency, accountability and public awareness. The developed d2kg ontology in owl is accessible at: http://w3id.org/d2kg , as well as documented at: http://w3id.org/d2kg/documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LOD4Culture is a web application that exploits Cultural Heritage Linked Open Data for tourism and education purposes. Since target users are not fluid on Semantic Web technologies, the user interface is designed to hide the intricacies of RDF or SPARQL. An interactive map is provided for exploring world-wide Cultural Heritage sites that can be filtered by type and that uses cluster markers to adapt the view to different zoom levels. LOD4Culture also includes a Cultural Heritage entity browser that builds comprehensive visualizations of sites, artists, and artworks. All data exchanges are facilitated through the use of a generator of REST APIs over Linked Open Data that translates API calls into SPARQL queries across multiple sources, including Wikidata and DBpedia. Since March 2022, more than 1.7K users have employed LOD4Culture. The application has been mentioned many times in social media and has been featured in the DBpedia Newsletter, in the list of Wikidata tools for visualizing data, and in the open data applications list of . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Semantic Web had a significant impact on the GLAM domain, where the need to connect knowledge has grown so important that it has sparked numerous crowdsourcing initiatives and collaborative native Linked Open Data cataloguing projects. One of the key challenges in facing these collaborative activities is the heterogeneity of content and levels of expertise among users. While existing solutions can meet several important requirements, developing new features is often affected by the practical use of such platforms in real-world work settings. This article explores novel demands and presents the solution proposed by CLEF 2.0, the native Linked Open Data cataloguing software adopted in various case studies concerning the description of Italian Digital Cultural Heritage.

Search engines must understand user queries to provide relevant search results. Search engines can enhance their understanding of user intent by employing named entity recognition (NER) to identify the entity in the query. Knowing the types of entities in the query can be the initial step in helping search engines better understand search intent. In this research, a dataset was constructed using search query history from the Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS) website, and NER in query modeling was employed to extract entities from search queries related to statistical datasets. The research stages included query data collection, query data preprocessing, query data labeling, NER in query modeling, and model evaluation. The conditional random field (CRF) model was employed for NER in query modeling with two scenarios: CRF with basic features and CRF with basic features plus part of speech (POS) features. The CRF model was used due to its well-known effectiveness in natural language processing (NLP), particularly for tasks like NER with sequence labeling. In this research, the basic CRF and the CRF model with POS feature achieved an F1-score of 0.9139 and 0.9110, respectively. A case study on a Linked Open Data (LOD) statistical dataset indicated that searches with synonym query expansion on entities from NER in query produced better search results than regular searches without query expansion. The model's performance incorporating additional POS tagging features did not result in a significant improvement. Therefore, it is recommended that future research will elaborate on deep learning.

The workshop consisted of three main parts, starting with a brief introduction to Linked Open Data by recapitulating the main stages of its development and explaining some core principles and technologies. The second part focused on the approach used by the FID Philosophiei to combine Wikidata and authority files. Finally, the third part was done hands-on with a Jupyter notebook in Google Colab, going through the aforementioned approach step by step using Python. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This ongoing study aims to map the technological and systemic challenges found in the process of implementing connected open data practices in libraries to make their catalogs available online. The study is developed as applied and exploratory research, based on the use of bibliographic and documentary research. The technique adopted is Bardin's Content Analysis, comprising the phases of elaboration of records for the initial evaluation of the texts, creation of categories for analysis, grouping in the respective created categories, followed by data analysis and interpretation. It is expected to achieve results that identify the challenges and potential of bibliographic records for use in open data format and the benefits provided by connecting these data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hebrew Manuscripts Catalogue of the National Library of Israel holds a wealth of information about Jewish history, literature, and culture. However, its complex structure and limited accessibility have resulted in underutilized data. This study aims to harness new digital approaches to unlock the potential of this valuable resource. Specifically, we focus on 275 Yemenite Jewish manuscripts related to 'sciences' to explore complex relationships within the data. We began by consolidating metadata from the Hebrew Manuscripts Catalogue, often found scattered within the 'notes' field of the records. We supplemented this data with information from linked open data (LOD) entities as well as previous research. This comprehensive approach reveals details about copyists, authors, and owners, even identifying lesser-known figures. Our methodology involved using Nodegoat for data management and visualization. This platform allowed us to create a comprehensive data model for manuscript provenance and explore relationships between objects, transactions, persons, and organizations, along with geographical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is a crucial process for assessing customer feedback and gauging satisfaction with products or services. It typically consists of three stages: Aspect Term Extraction (ATE), Aspect Categorization Extraction (ACE), and Sentiment Analysis (SA). Various techniques have been proposed for ATE, including unsupervised, supervised, and hybrid methods. However, many studies face challenges in detecting aspect terms due to reliance on training data, which may not cover all multiple aspect terms and relate semantic aspect terms effectively. This study presents a knowledge-driven approach to automatic semantic aspect term extraction from customer feedback using Linked Open Data (LOD) to enrich aspect extraction outcomes in the training dataset. Additionally, it utilizes the N-gram model to capture complex text patterns and relationships, facilitating accurate classification and analysis of multiple-word terms for each aspect. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on three benchmark datasets: SemEval 2014, 2015, and 2016. Comparative evaluations with contemporary unsupervised, supervised, and hybrid methods on these datasets yielded F-measures of 0.80, 0.76, and 0.77, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionModern forestry increasingly relies on the management of large datasets, such as forest inventories and land cover maps. Governments are typically in charge of publishing these datasets, but they typically employ disparate data formats (sometimes proprietary ones) and published datasets are commonly disconnected from other sources, including previous versions of such datasets. As a result, the usage of forestry data is very challenging, especially if we need to combine multiple datasets.Methods and resultsSemantic Web technologies, standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), have emerged in the last decades as a solution to publish heterogeneous data in an interoperable way. They enable the publication of self-describing data that can easily interlink with other sources. The concepts and relationships between them are described using ontologies, and the data can be published as Linked Data on the Web, which can be downloaded or queried online. National and international agencies promote the publication of governmental data as Linked Open Data, and research fields such as biosciences or cultural heritage make an extensive use of Semantic Web technologies. In this study, we present the result of the European Cross-Forest project, addressing the integration and publication of national forest inventories and land cover maps from Spain and Portugal using Semantic Web technologies. We used a bottom-up methodology to design the ontologies, with the goal of being generalizable to other countries and forestry datasets. First, we created an ontology for each dataset to describe the concepts (plots, trees, positions, measures, and so on) and relationships between the data in detail. We converted the source data into Linked Open Data by using the ontology to annotate the data such as species taxonomies. As a result, all the datasets are integrated into one place this is the Cross-Forest dataset and are available for querying and analysis through a SPARQL endpoint. These data have been used in real-world use cases such as (1) providing a graphical representation of all the data, (2) combining it with spatial planning data to reveal the forestry resources under the management of Spanish municipalities, and (3) facilitating data selection and ingestion to predict the evolution of forest inventories and simulate how different actions and conditions impact this evolution.DiscussionThe work started in the Cross-Forest project continues in current lines of research, including the addition of the temporal dimension to the data, aligning the ontologies and data with additional well-known vocabularies and datasets, and incorporating additional forestry resources.

This paper describes a methodological process for converting primary and secondary sources into a knowledge graph centered on the U.S. avant-garde movement Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.). Data was sourced from documents from the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation Archives, a published bibliography by E.A.T. co-founder Billy Klüver, and edge-notched cards from the Getty Research Institute. Processed with custom tools, allowing for semantic encoding of statements through “painting triples”, the data is stored in and accessible through a Wikibase knowledgebase. This approach aims to reduce barriers to creating knowledge graphs and expand reuse opportunities for research, applications, and data integration in cultural heritage contexts.

The FAIR Photos project enriched the metadata of the Press Agency De Boer collection, comprising two million press photos (1945–2005) from the North Holland Archives in The Netherlands. By linking photographs to external datasets such as Wikidata, and creating thesauri in the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) – interlinked with external thesauri such as the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) – the project significantly improved the collection’s accessibility for research and cultural heritage purposes. The enriched metadata, published in CSV and RDF formats, are available as open data in the DANS Data Station Social Sciences and Humanities (https://doi.org/10.17026/SS/7VD3ME). Funded by CLARIAH, the project promoted the FAIR principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) and Linked Open Data (LOD) adoption within the archive.

In 2011, the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) launched the Data.bnf research and development project to meet 3 main goals: to bring together in a single portal the data produced with different formats of the catalogue and the various applications of the BnF, to increase its visibility and promote its reuse by applying the technologies of the semantic web and to experiment a new way of structuring information based on IFLA’s conceptual models, thus foreshadowing the catalogue of the future. The contribution aims to trace the innovations that are partially appreciable and partially in the process of being implemented by Data.bnf, which, while remaining stable in its primary goals, has continued to evolve to improve accessibility and functions and adapt to the needs of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Olivar is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article unpacks the archival, textual, and encoded layers that comprise the Maria Edgeworth Letters Project (MELP), an open-access digital archive containing the correspondence of the Anglo-Irish Regency author Maria Edgeworth and her circle. These layers reveal the impossibility of flattening or standardizing our work and instead advocate for a more inclusive and collaborative digital humanities model that accommodates both institutional and volunteer labor. Just as different methods were used to approach each archive and manage our project across multiple institutions, each transcription requires a different level of care, especially as various notes and collaborators are cited in the final project. Through the use of TEI, we can flexibly represent diverse aspects of each letter while still maintaining a database-readable structure. We endeavor to connect each person, place, or work identified in Edgeworth 's letters and our database to a larger network of linked data in order to place our project in conversation with other archival resources. For entities that are unidentified or unknown, we create new name authority files or produce internal data files that can be viewed by our collaborators and users. MELP 's flexible structure thus allows it to strive for interoperability while refusing to efface the individual traces of its collaborators, entities, and material artifacts. Our article describes how we are building the Maria Edgeworth Letters Project , an open-access archive containing Maria Edgeworth 's correspondence, tracing our steps including image retrieval and processing, metadata generation, transcription, linked open data, and TEI encoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to propose a knowledge organization system (KOS) for the ethnic groups of Laos by utilizing linked open data (LOD) to standardize the metadata. Data of 49 Laos ethnic groups and the techniques of Linked Open Data were used. Linked data of ethnic groups in Lao PDR from other external standardized data sources, including DBpedia and Wikidata, was found. The results indicate that there is limited an information on the ethnic groups of Laos in online databases. This study aims to link and improve data on Laos ethnic groups by utilizing ontology and reconciliation techniques to link incomplete or outdated data, as well as using OpenRefine and RDF extension to link the source database. Although the country has implemented policies to promote the national identity and the tourism economy, much of the related information remains inaccessible to the public as it is only available in official documents. The available information in the online database system would be compared to foreign languages like Vietnamese, Thai, etc., because these areas and ethnic groups were close to each other, and the languages were in the same family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonology is a linguistic discipline that is naturally computational. However, as many researchers are not familiar with the use of digital methods, most of the computation required is still performed by humans. This article presents a training experiment of master's students of the phonology seminar at the University of Porto, bringing the research process directly to the classroom. The experiment was designed to raise students' awareness of the potentialities of combining human and machine computation in phonology. The Centre for Digital Culture and Innovation (CODA) readily embraced this project to showcase the application of digital humanities as humanities in both research and training activities. During this experiment, students were trained to collect and process phonological data using various open-source and free web-based resources. By combining a strict protocol with some individual research freedom, the students were able to make valuable contributions towards Creolistic Studies, while enriching their individual skills. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of the approach has demonstrated its potential within and beyond the humanities and social sciences fields (e.g., linguistics, archaeology, history, geography, ethnology, sociology, and genetics), by also introducing the students to basic concepts and practices of Open Science and FAIR principles, including Linked Open Data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many items in Wikidata representing scholarly articles. However, these items have been created mostly by volunteer Wikidata editors and not systematically by journal publishers or editors, which can lead to gaps and inconsistencies in the datasets. This article presents findings from a survey investigating practices of library and information studies (LIS) journals in Wikidata item creation. Believing that a significant number of LIS journal editors would be aware of Wikidata and some would be creating Wikidata items for their publications, the authors sent a survey asking 138 English-language LIS journal editors if they created Wikidata items for materials published in their journal and follow-up questions. With a response rate of 41 percent, respondents overwhelmingly indicated that they did not create Wikidata items for materials published in their journal and were completely unaware of or only somewhat familiar with Wikidata. Respondents indicated that more familiarity with Wikidata and its benefits for scholarly journals as well as institutional support for the creation of Wikidata items could lead to greater participation; however, a campaign of education about Wikidata, documentation of benefits, and support for creation would be a necessary first step. The article presents and discusses the results of the survey, but the conclusions that can be drawn are minimal; therefore, the authors also discuss the benefits of creating Wikidata items for LIS journals as a first step in this educational campaign for editors and publishers.

This article outlines the process of creating an automated system for knowledge graph construction from collections of mathematical documents in LATEX format. The MathCollectionOntology, which defines the types of objects and relationships in knowledge graphs, was developed. The introduced toolkit includes methods for extracting mathematical terms, browsing and identifying document topics, extracting entities from LATEX code, and calculating statistical parameters of the graph. The parsed entities are mathematical terms, topics generated through the Latent Dirichlet Allocation, UDC codes, used formulas, author affiliations, cited literature, and others. The knowledge graph captures each extracted object using specific types of relationships defined in the MathCollectionOntology. Here, a knowledge graph was coined for a collection of articles published in Izvestiya VUZov. Matematika journal (1114 Russian-language documents in LATEX format). The thematic terms of the document topics were described. The quantitative parameters of the constructed knowledge graph were obtained.

Women’s presence in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) has been growing in relevance, yet research on the topic is met with a lack of data for the construction of consistent analysis. The Equality for Leadership in Latin American STEM Network (ELLAS) aims to develop a Linked Open Data (LOD) platform to help fill this gap. This work is embedded in ELLAS and contributes to (1) a triplication (RDF) of the data in Inep’s Higher Education Census, (2) the creation of a methodology for elaborating ontologies, to be used within the project, that enables an analysis of the presence and permanence of women in STEM areas and (3) its instantiation in the context of Higher Education in the field of computing in Brazil.

This research paper introduces RDF-star technology as a solution to the limitations of standard RDF in representing and querying metadata-oriented travel accounts, especially historical ones. By enabling statements about statements and directly embedding metadata within RDF triples, RDF-star enhances query efficiency and simplifies data modeling, offering a more streamlined approach to constructing complex knowledge graphs. This paper introduces the RDF-star-based JourneyStar ontology, explicitly designed for representing travel data and metadata. Through examples, we demonstrate the application of this ontology in constructing a knowledge graph representing journeys outlined in Jacob I Bernoulli’s travel diary, Reisbüchlein.

After a homage to Gemma Avenoza and a brief review of the technological changes in PhiloBiblon since 1987, there follows a description of the current project, “PhiloBiblon: From Siloed Databases to Linked Open Data via Wikibase: Proof of Concept”. The current rigid structure, with its ten relational tables and almost 1,300 data fields, is abandoned in favor of a much more flexible structure of “triples,” records based on a series of statements of the type Entity + Property + Entity, using the system of Wikidata, in which two entities Q are linked by a property P, e.g., Santillana (Q2877) writes (P50) the “Comedieta dePonza” (Q390408).

Ever since the vision was formulated, the Semantic Web has inspired many generations of innovations. Semantic technologies have been used to share vast amounts of information on the Web, enhance them with semantics to give them meaning, and enable inference and reasoning on them. Throughout the years, semantic technologies, and in particular knowledge graphs, have been used in search engines, data integration, enterprise settings, and machine learning. In this paper, we recap the classical concepts and foundations of the Semantic Web as well as modern and recent concepts and applications, building upon these foundations. The classical topics we cover include knowledge representation, creating and validating knowledge on the Web, reasoning and linking, and distributed querying. We enhance this classical view of the so-called "Semantic Web Layer Cake" with an update of recent concepts that include provenance, security and trust, as well as a discussion of practical impacts from industry-led contributions. We conclude with an outlook on the future directions of the Semantic Web. This is a living document. If you like to contribute, please contact the first author and visit: https://github.com/ascherp/semantic-web-primer

¿Cómo modelar la relación entre la escritura literaria y filosófica en el exilio? El enfoque adoptado aquí parte de los tropos y figuras de la retórica clásica para elaborar una tipología de relaciones. Dos tipos particularmente extensos pueden describirse como metafóricos y metonímicos: los textos literarios aparecen como alegorías en un discurso filosófico y, a la inversa, los conceptos filosóficos se introducen en la literatura como metáforas. La relación metonímica se basa entonces en el encuentro de textos y autores en revistas y otras instituciones. Menos frecuentes son los tipos de metalepsis y apóstrofe, para cada uno de los cuales se presenta un ejemplo. El ensayo de María Zambrano de 1952 sobre el neorrealismo italiano, revisado por segunda vez en 1990 y publicado para un público diferente, pasa así de un diálogo periodístico-literario (con los destinatarios de la revista Bohemia) a un discurso filosófico-teórico (para los lectores del suplemento cultural de Diario 16).

The article introduces the recently created database Ancient Coin Finds in Europe: Ukraine (AFE-UKR), with a focus on the finds of Roman coins from South-Western Ukraine, entered into the database. These are 923 coins stored in the Odesa Archaeological Museum, Izmail Local History Museum of the Lower Danube region, National Museum of the History of Ukraine, and a private collection. The coins were discovered accidentally or during the archeological excavations of several sites in Odesa, Mykolaiv, and Vinnytsia regions of Ukraine. The database includes Republican and Imperial issues, Roman provincial coins, and the coins of states under the Roman protectorate, spanning from 49 BC to 408 AD. Most of these findings illustrate the circulation of Roman coins in the ancient centers and their surroundings. The lesser part of coin findings belonged to barbarians, primarily the Goths and Sarmatians.AFE-UKR database is a part of Antike Fundmünzen in Europa (AFE-RGK) project. It is based on Linked Open Data methodologies. At the moment, it consists primarily of coins from museum collections, but plans include incorporating all available data on Roman coin findings from publications and web resources to create a comprehensive database of Roman coin finds in Ukraine, facilitating further study of their circulation.

The development of storage standards for databases of different natures and origins makes it possible to aggregate and interact with different data sources in order to obtain and show complex and thematic information to the end user. This article aims to analyze some possibilities opened up by new applications and hypothesize their possible developments. With this work, using the currently available Web technologies, we would like to verify the potential for the use of Linked Open Data in the world of WebGIS and illustrate an application that allows the user to interact with Linked Open Data through their representation on a map. Italy has an artistic and cultural heritage unique in the world and the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism has created and made freely available a dataset in Linked Open Data format that represents it. With the aim of enhancing and making this heritage more usable, the National Research Council (CNR) has created an application that presents this heritage via WebGIS on a map. Following criteria definable by the user, such as the duration, the subject of interest and the style of the trip, tourist itineraries are created through the places that host this heritage. New possibilities open up where the tools made available by the Web can be used together, according to pre-established sequences, to create completely new applications. This can be compared to the use of words, all known in themselves, which, according to pre-established sequences, allow us to create ever new texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at exploring the perception of librarians toward adopting Linked Open Data in Uganda, a case of selected university libraries. An exploratory survey approach was employed for this study using a mixed methods approach of data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Ms Excel. The targeted population was 78 professional librarians in seven selected public universities. The study was guided by the UTAUT model using the performance expectancy construct. The findings revealed that the respondents perceived that Linked Data would assist the patrons in discovering relevant information and data through links to other data repositories. They also believed that Linked Data interlinks would be used to describe the relationship between two Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). The respondents were convinced that Linked Data will enrich data discovery and improve the users' overall search experiences. The study found that respondents perceived that Linked Data will assist the patrons to discover relevant data and benefit research, enrich discovery of data, hence improving their overall searches. Linked Open Data is very important to enable data sharing through the Semantic Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper introduces RDF-star technology as a solution to the limitations of standard RDF in representing and querying metadata-oriented travel accounts, especially historical ones. By enabling statements about statements and directly embedding metadata within RDF triples, RDF-star enhances query efficiency and simplifies data modeling, offering a more streamlined approach to constructing complex knowledge graphs. This paper introduces the RDF-star-based JourneyStar ontology, explicitly designed for representing travel data and metadata. Through examples, we demonstrate the application of this ontology in constructing a knowledge graph representing journeys outlined in Jacob I Bernoulli's travel diary, Reisbüchlein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French Enlightenment is a pivotal period in European intellectual and literary history, which can be studied through this dataset of French novels first published between 1751 and 1800. This collection contains 200 French novels in TEI/XML, encoded according to the 'level-1 schema' of the European Literary Text Collection (ELTeC), and carefully compiled to reflect the known historical publication of French Novels in that period regarding publication year, gender of author and narrative form. The dataset is connected to a bigger knowledge graph of 331,671 Resource Description Framework triples (RDF) built within the project 'Mining and Modeling Text' at Trier University, Germany (2019–2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dataset consists of a full morphosyntactic annotation of the normalized letter corpus of the State Archives of Assyria online (SAAo), plus associated metadata regarding sender, recipient, estimated date of composition, script, and dialect of Akkadian (if determinable). This corpus comprises ten of the twenty-one current volumes of SAAo and contains approximately 2600 letters from the royal archives of the late Neo-Assyrian kings. Each letter features morphosyntactic annotations specifying part of speech, lemma, morphological decomposition, and syntactic dependencies of all relevant tokens in the text. The annotations were made with the help of a spaCy language model with additional human checking and completion. The annotations are available both as a set of CONLLU files (one per text) and as linked open data in a single TTL file. The associated metadata is available as a CSV file. Due to the letters' shared format, topics of concern, and historical period in which they were written, this corpus forms a natural object of study from a linguistic and social historical perspective. It is hoped this data will be of use to researchers wishing to do linguistic and sociolinguistic corpus research on these texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dataset consists of approximately 2,400 examples of metaphors in Akkadian of what we term Body Part Constructions (BPCs) within the letter sub-corpus of the State Archives of Assyria online (SAAo). The dataset was generated by a multi-step process involving the training and application of a language model to the SAAo letter sub-corpus, converting the resulting annotations to linked open data format amenable to searching for BPCs, and manually adding metalinguistic data to the search results; these files, in CONLLU and TTL formats, are also made available in this publication. The BPC dataset is stored as a CSV file, and can serve as an easy starting place for other scholars interested in finding socio-linguistic usage patterns of this construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the recently created database Ancient Coin Finds in Europe: Ukraine (AFE-UKR), with a focus on the finds of Roman coins from South-Western Ukraine, entered into the database. These are 923 coins stored in the Odesa Archaeological Museum, Izmail Local History Museum of the Lower Danube region, National Museum of the History of Ukraine, and a private collection. The coins were discovered accidentally or during the archeological excavations of several sites in Odesa, Mykolaiv, and Vinnytsia regions of Ukraine. The database includes Republican and Imperial issues, Roman provincial coins, and the coins of states under the Roman protectorate, spanning from 49 BC to 408 AD. Most of these findings illustrate the circulation of Roman coins in the ancient centers and their surroundings. The lesser part of coin findings belonged to barbarians, primarily the Goths and Sarmatians. AFE-UKR database is a part of Antike Fundmünzen in Europa (AFE-RGK) project. It is based on Linked Open Data methodologies. At the moment, it consists primarily of coins from museum collections, but plans include incorporating all available data on Roman coin findings from publications and web resources to create a comprehensive database of Roman coin finds in Ukraine, facilitating further study of their circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]