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Inadequate water quality exacerbates global water resources scarcity. Hence, water quality of the river basin is increasingly perceived as a global obstacle to sustainable development because of the limited water carrying capacity. Efficient waste load permits (WLPs) allocation plays a critical role in enhancing water quality by controlling the emission cap. Considering transboundary water pollution and transaction among regions, a bi-level objective model is proposed to analyze the WLPs allocation based on the node-arc method. Motivated by alleviating regional development differences, the watershed management committee concentrates on equitable distribution of WLPs to regions. Furthermore, regional authorities focus on how to guarantee the maximum economic development and balance the WLPs emissions from the municipal, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Practicality and efficiency of the constructed model is demonstrated by applying it to Tuojiang River Basin. Through the analysis of the results, three management recommendations are proposed for Tuojiang River: strengthening the prevention of agricultural non-point source pollution, sticking to the cooperation between upstream and downstream regions, and speeding up the construction of sewage environmental tax system. The results illustrate that as the proposed method can control the total amount of sewage, it could provide decision-making references for the amelioration of water environment.

With the rapid development of China's economy, it has become crucial to achieve the right balance between economic development and environmental protection. Green growth is a significant approach to addressing the relationship between economic development and the environment. Low-carbon development and ecological protection are two essential aspects of green development, and they tremendously impact enterprises' resource-based supply chain. Hence, this paper seeks to explore the revenue distribution mechanism of the resource-based supply chain in the context of green development. Given a bi-level resource-based supply chain composed of resource developers and resource processors, the study examines, in the context of low-carbon development, the impacts of both emission reduction and ecological restoration levels on the expected returns of the supply chain. Using game theory, we construct a decentralized decision-making equilibrium model under the three kinds of market structures (that is, a market led either by the upper or lower level or by the balanced levels of the chain), and then establish a centralized decision-making equilibrium model. The results show that the overall profits of the supply chain are maximized through centralized decision-making.

As the management of wastewater emission permits in watershed has become a growing worldwide concern, a substantial challenge has been created in balancing the social stability, economic construction, and ecological function. Therefore, the equitable and efficient allocation of wastewater emission permits in watershed integrating sustainability is vital for environmental management. Considering the wastewater discharge permits transaction between subareas, a multi-objective model is proposed to analyze the allocation of wastewater emission permits in a watershed. The first objective function is to maximize the allocation equity using the environmental Gini coefficient, and the second is to maximize the economic efficiency for the sustainable development of a watershed as the constraint. In this study, the trade-off between the equity and economic efficiency of allocation is balanced. A case study of the Tuojiang River Basin in China is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility, rationality and practicality of the model. The multi-principle and multi-objective allocation model was found to be more reliable and feasible than the previous models, indicating that the equity and efficiency should be balanced to mitigate the water scarcity and deteriorating water quality when managing the basin, and trading is an effective measure for ensuring the equity.

In this paper, we derived a probability distribution model that considers joint probability of discrete and continuous distribution models to estimate extreme values of ocean environment factor. We aim to improve the design standard research in ocean engineering projects. We use this new model to calculate the joint extreme value of multiple ocean environment factors in typhoon-affected sea area. Our model showed comprehensive information on the randomness and interactive-relationship of extreme values of ocean environment elements. The asymmetric relative structure formula of Poisson-Nested-Logistic distribution gives us ocean environment information, like correlation and stratification. We evaluated our model by three different case studies based on real historical datasets.

The treatment of airport sewage has posed many novel challenges because of its huge impact on the surrounding environment. This paper proposes a multi-objective decision model to optimize the scale design and process selection of sewage treatment plants in airports. In this model, we consider the conflict among the process cost, environmental protection, and benefits of recycled water. In addition, the uncertainty in influent concentration and passenger throughput is also incorporated. Airport sewage treatment has its own unique features, such as the concentration of airport sewage is higher than that of ordinary urban sewage, the change in passenger throughput impacts the volume of the airport sewage treatment, and the utilization rate of the entire sewage treatment plant must be higher than or equal to 70%. Only in this case can the airport sewage treatment plant pass the acceptance test. The Tianfu International Airport, the largest civil transportation hub airport project in southwestern China, is used to prove the efficiency of the proposed model. Finally, some significant insights are suggested for the design of wastewater treatment plants in airports.

This paper presents an intelligent traffic road resource allocation solution based on the traffic big data model. Through the collection and analysis of road traffic information big data, a planning scheme that can minimize road congestion when shared road resources between manned vehicles and unmanned vehicles is established. In order to alleviate the traffic congestion caused by the imbalance between road resources and traffic demand, taking 2020 as an example, the road congestion level is solved and given. When the judgment criterion is between 0 and 0.5, the road congestion level is set to level 3. When the judgment criterion is between 0.5 and 1, the road congestion level is set to level 2, and the remaining levels are level 1 and level 4. When: 1. The speed of the front car before braking is v b = 40km / h. 2. The speed of the rear car before braking is v a = 60km / h, and the car is moving at a constant speed in a short time. 3. When the dry asphalt pavement is taken a b max = 6m / s 2. 4. When the wet asphalt pavement is a bmax = 4.5m / s 2. The degree of road congestion is level 1.

Planning of irradiance distribution (PID) is one of the foremost factors for on-demand treatment of port wine stains (PWS) with photodynamic therapy (PDT). A weighted optimization method for PID was proposed according to the grading of PWS with a three dimensional digital illumination instrument. Firstly, the point clouds of lesions were filtered to remove the error or redundant points, the triangulation was carried out and the lesion was divided into small triangular patches. Secondly, the parameters such as area, normal vector and orthocenter for optimization of each triangular patch were calculated, and the weighted coefficients were determined by the erythema indexes and areas of patches. Then, the optimization initial point was calculated based on the normal vectors and orthocenters to optimize the light direction. In the end, the irradiation can be optimized according to cosine values of irradiance angles and weighted coefficients. Comparing the irradiance distribution before and after optimization, the proposed weighted optimization method can make the irradiance distribution match better with the characteristics of lesions, and has the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy.