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In order to study the influence of air pressure and water pressure on the particle size parameters of ultrasonic atomization spray, an experimental platform was designed in this paper. Anionic surfactant rapid infiltration T was selected to configure a solution with a concentration of 0.07 % for experiment. The changes of particle size parameters of ultrasonic atomization spray under different combinations of air pressure and water pressure were analyzed. The experimental results show that the particle size parameters D10, D50, D90, VAD, SMD and NAD decrease with the increase of air pressure, and the decrease is affected by water pressure. At the same time, the above particle size parameters also increase with the increase of water pressure, and the increase will also be affected by air pressure. The influence of air pressure on the change of droplet size is greater than that of water pressure. When the pressure changes, the change trend of particle size parameters D10 and NAD is highly consistent, and the increase of particle size of D50, VAD and SMD is highly consistent.

In this report, we present a case of a woman with concurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) and urethral cancer, both associated with HPV16 infection. This unique case was initially brought to attention due to postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, despite the absence of urological symptoms and negative tumor markers. An unexpected discovery of pelvic lymph node metastasis during a hysterectomy intended for CIN III highlighted the rare coexistence of these conditions, with urethral cancer also linked to HPV-16 within the urethral lesion. This case emphasizes the diagnostic challenges faced by HPV-related cervical lesions and the critical need for increased vigilance, even when urological symptoms are not apparent. The findings underline the potential complexity of HPV-associated lesions and advocate for comprehensive screening strategies to ensure the timely detection and management of such intricate cases.

Introduction: Investigating the genetic footprints of historical temperature selection can get insights to the local adaptation and feasible influences of climate change on long-term population dynamics. Object: Chicken is a significative species to study genetic adaptation on account of its similar domestication track related to human activity with the most diversified varieties. Yet, few studies have demonstrated the genetic signatures of its adaptation to naturally tropical and frigid environments. Method: Here, we generated whole genome resequencing of 119 domesticated chickens in China including the following breeds which are in order of breeding environmental temperature from more tropical to more frigid: Wenchang chicken (WCC), green-shell chicken (GSC), Tibetan chicken (TBC), and Lindian chicken (LDC). Results: Our results showed WCC branched off earlier than LDC with an evident genetic admixture between WCC and LDC, suggesting their closer genetic relationship. Further comparative genomic analyses solute carrier family 33 member 1 (SLC33A1) and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) genes exhibited stronger signatures for positive selection in the genome of the more tropical WCC. Furthermore, genotype data from about 3,000 African local ecotypes confirmed that allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these 2 genes appeared strongly associated with tropical environment adaptation. In addition, the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) gene exhibited a strong signature for positive selection in the LDC genome, and SNPs with marked allele frequency differences indicated a significant relationship with frigid environment adaptation. Conclusion: Our findings partially clarify how selection footprints from environmental temperature stress can lead to advantageous genomic adaptions to tropical and frigid environments in poultry and provide a valuable resource for selective breeding of chickens.

Abstract Background Although the extreme environmental adaptation of organisms is a hot topic in evolutionary biology, genetic adaptation to high-altitude environment remains poorly characterized in ectothermic animals. Squamates are among the most diverse terrestrial vertebrates, with tremendous ecological plasticity and karyotype diversity, and are a unique model system to investigate the genetic footprints of adaptation. Results We report the first chromosome-level assembly of the Mongolian racerunner (Eremias argus) and our comparative genomics analyses found that multiple chromosome fissions/fusions events are unique to lizards. We further sequenced the genomes of 61 Mongolian racerunner individuals that were collected from altitudes ranging from ~ 80 to ~ 2600 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.). Population genomic analyses revealed many novel genomic regions under strong selective sweeps in populations endemic to high altitudes. Genes embedded in those genomic regions are mainly associated with energy metabolism and DNA damage repair pathways. Moreover, we identified and validated two substitutions of PHF14 that may enhance the lizards’ tolerance to hypoxia at high altitudes. Conclusions Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of high-altitude adaptation in ectothermic animal using lizard as a research subject and provides a high-quality lizard genomic resource for future research.

Introduction: The ζ subunit is a potent inhibitor of the F1FO-ATPase of Paracoccus denitrificans (PdF1FO-ATPase) and related α-proteobacteria different from the other two canonical inhibitors of bacterial (ε) and mitochondrial (IF1) F1FO-ATPases. ζ mimics mitochondrial IF1 in its inhibitory N-terminus, blocking the PdF1FO-ATPase activity as a unidirectional pawl-ratchet and allowing the PdF1FO-ATP synthase turnover. ζ is essential for the respiratory growth of P. denitrificans, as we showed by a Δζ knockout. Given the vital role of ζ in the physiology of P. denitrificans, here, we assessed the evolution of ζ across the α-proteobacteria class.Methods: Through bioinformatic, biochemical, molecular biology, functional, and structural analyses of several ζ subunits, we confirmed the conservation of the inhibitory N-terminus of ζ and its divergence toward its C-terminus. We reconstituted homologously or heterologously the recombinant ζ subunits from several α-proteobacteria into the respective F-ATPases, including free-living photosynthetic, facultative symbiont, and intracellular facultative or obligate parasitic α-proteobacteria.Results and discussion: The results show that ζ evolved, preserving its inhibitory function in free-living α-proteobacteria exposed to broad environmental changes that could compromise the cellular ATP pools. However, the ζ inhibitory function was diminished or lost in some symbiotic α-proteobacteria where ζ is non-essential given the possible exchange of nutrients and ATP from hosts. Accordingly, the ζ gene is absent in some strictly parasitic pathogenic Rickettsiales, which may obtain ATP from the parasitized hosts. We also resolved the NMR structure of the ζ subunit of Sinorhizobium meliloti (Sm-ζ) and compared it with its structure modeled in AlphaFold. We found a transition from a compact ordered non-inhibitory conformation into an extended α-helical inhibitory N-terminus conformation, thus explaining why the Sm-ζ cannot exert homologous inhibition. However, it is still able to inhibit the PdF1FO-ATPase heterologously. Together with the loss of the inhibitory function of α-proteobacterial ε, the data confirm that the primary inhibitory function of the α-proteobacterial F1FO-ATPase was transferred from ε to ζ and that ζ, ε, and IF1 evolved by convergent evolution. Some key evolutionary implications on the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria, as most likely derived from α-proteobacteria, are also discussed.

Eight hundred and twenty-six human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the actions of two-thirds of the human hormones and neurotransmitters and over one-third of clinically used drugs. Studying the structure and dynamics of human GPCRs in lipid bilayer environments resembling the native cell membrane milieu is of great interest as a basis for understanding structure–function relationships and thus benefits continued drug development. Here, we incorporate the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) into lipid nanodiscs, which represent a detergent-free environment for structural studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. The [15N,1H]-TROSY correlation spectra confirmed that the complex of [u-15N, ~70% 2H]-A2AAR with an inverse agonist adopts its global fold in lipid nanodiscs in solution at physiological temperature. The global assessment led to two observations of practical interest. First, A2AAR in nanodiscs can be stored for at least one month at 4 °C in an aqueous solvent. Second, LMNG/CHS micelles are a very close mimic of the environment of A2AAR in nanodiscs. The NMR signal of five individually assigned tryptophan indole 15N–1H moieties located in different regions of the receptor structure further enabled a detailed assessment of the impact of nanodiscs and LMNG/CHS micelles on the local structure and dynamics of A2AAR. As expected, the largest effects were observed near the lipid–water interface along the intra- and extracellular surfaces, indicating possible roles of tryptophan side chains in stabilizing GPCRs in lipid bilayer membranes.

Abstract Background: The incidence of cervical cancer in young women is rising, and squamous cell carcinoma makes up a great percentage of the histological types. The presence of aggressive pathologic risk factors following patients’ primary surgery may warrant the use of adjuvant radiotherapy. It is important to weigh up the risks and benefits of using adjuvant radiotherapy for each young patient so as to maximize their prognosis while minimizing the treatment-related morbidity. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. It consisted of 97 patients under 35 years old who were diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and underwent treatment at West China Second University Hospital between December 2009 and January 2014. Five-year follow-up, prognostic risks, long-term radiation toxicity, female sexual function, and quality of life were investigated. Results: Adjuvant radiotherapy did improve the prognosis of young patients with lymph node metastases. However, there were few significant differences in progress-free survival and overall survival for the young patients without lymph node metastases following adjuvant radiotherapy. Besides, young patients who took radiotherapy exhibited greater intestinal dysfunction, more severe lower extremities edema, greater sexual dysfunction, and worse long-term quality of life. Conclusion: Young patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma without lymph node metastases who have undergone the primary surgery should be counseled in detail before the decision to use adjuvant radiotherapy can be made. The counseling should emphasize not only the benefit that local recurrence rates can be reduced, but also the risks that treatment-related side effects could increase and lower QoL could occur.

Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis may occur in women of childbearing age. Pregnancies in this population are associated with a markedly increased risk of adverse obstetric and maternal outcomes even before the onset of symptoms related to sclerosis. We report a case involving the management and outcome of pregnancy in a 30-year-old woman with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The course of her pregnancy was good and was assisted by a group consultation including obstetricians and rheumatologists. Vaginal delivery was the patient’s preferred choice because she had irregular skin tightness in her lower abdominal skin. She underwent induction of labor and combined spinal-epidural analgesia, and successfully delivered. Importantly, these pregnancies need to be planned, where possible, to allow the opportunity to counsel women and their partners in advance and to decrease any risks. These pregnancies should be considered high risk, and they require close antenatal monitoring and good supervision from an expert multidisciplinary team experienced in high-risk pregnancies. The management of delivery for patients with cutaneous systemic sclerosis is challenging, and vaginal delivery with labor analgesia is an alternative option to cesarean section.

In order to better serve the users of wood desks in open-plan offices, the Kano model is used to analyze the problems encountered by users in the office. Combined with quality function deployment (QFD), this study conducted an analysis of the weighted average of users’ needs and the importance of engineering measures of product technical characteristics. The proposed system uses an integrated Kano–QFD model to identify users’ specific needs and scene experience with a more complete service system. Through the hybrid approach of the Kano model and QFD development and design technology, the wood desks in open-plan offices are optimized to improve the rationality and scientific nature of office furniture and enhance its market competitiveness.

The FDA approved drug aprepitant is an antagonist of the Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). Here the authors present aprepitant bound NK1R crystal structures and use NMR spectroscopy to gain further insights into the dynamics of aprepitant binding, which is of interest for further drug development.

Although the characteristics of the traveling 10-day waves (10DWs) above the middle stratosphere have been well explored, little research has been performed on the counterpart in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (TLS). In the present study, we use radiosonde observations and MERRA-2 data from 2020 to characterize traveling 10DWs in mid-latitudes in the TLS. Single-site observations in both hemispheres show that strong 10DW activities are always accompanied by strong eastward jets (10–13 km). MERRA-2 data indicate that in the troposphere, the eastward-propagating modes with larger wavenumbers, i.e., E3, E4, E5 and E6 are dominant, while in the lower stratosphere, the eastward- and westward-propagating modes with small zonal wavenumbers, e.g., 1 and 2, are dominant. Further research on E3, E4, E5 and E6 modes in the troposphere of both hemispheres shows that all the wave activities are positively correlated to the background zonal wind. The refractive index squared reveals that a strong eastward jet is suitable for these four modes to propagate. However, just above the jet, the eastward wind decreases with altitude, and a thick evanescence region emerges above 15 km. E3, E4, E5 and E6 10DWs cannot propagate upward across the tropopause; as such, this can explain why these four modes are weak or even indiscernible in the stratosphere and above. In the troposphere, E5 10DW at 32° S was the most dominant mode in 2020. A case study of the anomalously strong E5 10DW activity on 12 May 2020 indicates that the wave amplification resulted from the upward and equatorward transmission of wave energy flows. Moreover, the tropopause and equatorial region can prevent the propagations of wave energy flows of E5 10DW. The upward-propagating wave energy is deposited near the tropopause, resulting in significant short-term variability in the tropopause height.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large membrane protein family found in higher organisms, including the human body. GPCRs mediate cellular responses to diverse extracellular stimuli and thus control key physiological functions, which makes them important targets for drug design. Signaling by GPCRs is related to the structure and dynamics of these proteins, which are modulated by extrinsic ligands as well as by intracellular binding partners such as G proteins and arrestins. Here, we review some basics of using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution for the characterization of GPCR conformations and intermolecular interactions that relate to transmembrane signaling.

With the development of wireless power transfer (WPT), the wireless charging has become a research hotspot. This paper proposes a novel single-switch hybrid compensation topology, which can change the compensation network to realize the constant-current (CC) and constant-voltage (CV) output. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) margin can be designed to increase the stability of the system. In addition, the magnetic coupler adopts a composite shielding structure composed of ferrite, nanocrystalline, and aluminium foil. The composite shielding structure has a better shielding effect on magnetic flux leakage, and its weight is lighter. The composite shielding structure is expected to be used in the wireless charging system of electric vehicles (EVs). Finally, an experimental prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis, and the maximum efficiency can reach 91.4%.

Spontaneous rupture of a vulvar hematoma during delivery is a relatively uncommon event and may cause excessive hemorrhage. Exact identification of anatomic structures and bleeding points is challenging. We herein present a case involving a pregnant woman at 39 weeks’ gestation with a large vulvar hematoma that spontaneously ruptured during the second stage of labor, likely due to rupture of varices in the vulva or vagina. It was difficult to accurately expose and suture the deep bleeding points. The estimated blood loss volume was 1591 mL, and the hemoglobin concentration dropped from 132 g/L before delivery to 84 g/L after delivery. To prevent hemorrhagic shock, bilateral internal iliac artery balloon occlusion was performed and proved to be an effective way to achieve hemostasis. Once hemostasis was established, ligation of the bleeding sites and suturing of all dead space were rapidly completed. Bilateral internal iliac artery balloon occlusion can be used as an effective treatment for excessive vaginal bleeding. The presence of varices or hemangiomas in the vulva or vagina should be carefully checked during antenatal care.

Chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to effective treatment in patients with ovarian cancer, and recently increasing evidences suggest that miRNAs are involved in drug-resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line and analyzed their possible mechanisms. We profiled miRNAs differentially expressed in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line A2780/DDP compared with parental A2780 cells using microarray. Four abnormally expressed miRNAs were selected (miR-146a,-130a, -374a and miR-182) for further studies. Their expression were verified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA mimics or inhibitor were transfected into A2780 and A2780/DDP cells and then drug sensitivity was analyzed by MTS array. RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to examine the alteration of MDR1, PTEN gene expression. A total of 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in A2780/DDP cells. Among them, miR-146a was down-regulated and miR-130a,-374a,-182 were upregulated in A2780/DDP cells, which was verified by RT-PCR. MiR-130a and miR-374a mimics decreased the sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin, reversely, their inhibitors could resensitize A2780/DDP cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-130a could increase the MDR1 mRNA and P-gp levels in A2780 and A2780/DDP cells, whereas knockdown of miR-130a could inhibit MDR1 gene expression and upregulate the PTEN protein expression .In a conclusion, the deregulation of miR-374a and miR-130a may be involved in the development and regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. This role of miR-130a may be achieved by regulating the MDR1 and PTEN gene expression.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinic-pathological characteristics of women with cervical cancers in southwestern China and discuss the features and prognosis of young patients.MethodsA retrospective study was performed, which consisted of 1,543 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and underwent treatment at West China Second University Hospital between November 2005 and December 2010. Among them, 154 young patients with surgical procedures between November 2005 and December 2008 were selected for a 5-year follow-up and prognostic analysis.ResultsThe proportion of advanced FIGO stage in patients aged over 35 years was higher than in patients aged 35 years or younger (55.1% vs 38.8%, PConclusionPatients over 35 years were preliminarily diagnosed as advanced FIGO stage and they were more likely to have deep stromal invasion, LVSI, LN metastases, parametrial and surgical margin involvement. Regarding to young patients, cervical adenocarcinoma increased the risk of LN metastases and positive postoperative pathological risk factors could apparently worsen the prognosis. Histological type and LN metastases were independent prognostic factors for young patients in southwestern China. We re-emphasize the importance of health education and regular smear screening for elder women, and more attention should be paid to young patients with adenocarcinoma or LN metastases.

Dynamic aperture (DA) is one of the key nonlinear properties for a storage ring. Although there have been both analytical and numerical methods to find the aperture, the reverse problem of how to optimize it is still a challenging problem. A general and flexible way of optimizing the DA is highly demanded in accelerator design and operation. In this paper, we discuss the use of multiobjective optimization for DA. First we consider using objective functions based only on numerical tracking results. Data mining of these results demonstrated a correlation between DA and low-order nonlinear driving terms. Next we considered using objective functions which included both numerical tracking results and analytical estimates of low-order nonlinear driving terms. This resulted in faster convergence. The National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) lattice was taken as an example to illustrate this method. This multiobjective approach is not limited by particular linear or nonlinear lattice settings, and can also be applied for optimizing other properties of a storage ring.

We introduce a new algorithm, which we call the cascaded parameter scan method, to efficiently carry out the scan over magnet parameters in the safety analysis for top-off injection in synchrotron radiation storage rings. In top-off safety analysis, one must track particles populating phase space through a beam line containing magnets and apertures and clearly demonstrate that, for all possible magnet settings and errors, all particles are lost on scrapers within the properly shielded region. In the usual approach, if one considers m magnets and scans each magnet through n setpoints, then one must carry out n^{m} tracking runs. In the cascaded parameter scan method, the number of tracking runs is reduced to n×m. This reduction of exponential to linear dependence on the number of setpoints n greatly reduces the required computation time and allows one to more densely populate phase space and to increase the number n of setpoints scanned for each magnet.

There are some problems in network traffic classification (NTC), such as complicated statistical features and insufficient training samples, which may cause poor classification effect. A NTC architecture based on one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and transfer learning is proposed to tackle these problems and improve the fine-grained classification performance. The key points of the proposed architecture include: (1) Model classification--by extracting normalized rate feature set from original data, plus existing statistical features to optimize the CNN NTC model. (2) To apply transfer learning in the classification to improve NTC performance. We collect two typical network flows data from Youku and YouTube, and verify the proposed method through extensive experiments. The results show that compared with existing methods, our method could improve the classification accuracy by around 3-5%for Youku, and by about 7 to 27% for YouTube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]