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Evidence that affective factors (e.g. anxiety, depression, affect) are significantly related to individual differences in emotion recognition is mixed. Palermo et al . (Palermo et al . 2018 J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 44 , 503–517) reported that individuals who scored lower in anxiety performed significantly better on two measures of facial-expression recognition (emotion-matching and emotion-labelling tasks), but not a third measure (the multimodal emotion recognition test). By contrast, facial-expression recognition was not significantly correlated with measures of depression, positive or negative affect, empathy, or autistic-like traits. Because the range of affective factors considered in this study and its use of multiple expression-recognition tasks mean that it is a relatively comprehensive investigation of the role of affective factors in facial expression recognition, we carried out a direct replication. In common with Palermo et al . (Palermo et al . 2018 J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 44 , 503–517), scores on the DASS anxiety subscale negatively predicted performance on the emotion recognition tasks across multiple analyses, although these correlations were only consistently significant for performance on the emotion-labelling task. However, and by contrast with Palermo et al . (Palermo et al . 2018 J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 44 , 503–517), other affective factors (e.g. those related to empathy) often also significantly predicted emotion-recognition performance. Collectively, these results support the proposal that affective factors predict individual differences in emotion recognition, but that these correlations are not necessarily specific to measures of general anxiety, such as the DASS anxiety subscale.

Neurokinin-B (NKB)-Neurokinin-3-receptor (NK3R) pathway is remarkably sensitive to energy equilibrium; however, its role in metabolic regulation remains unexplored in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the role of NK3R antagonists (NK3Ra) on metabolic dysfunction and obesity in in vitro and in vivo PCOS models.First, an observational study using serum samples collected from 19 PCOS patients was performed. Second, prospective case-control experimental studies where NK3Ra (SB222200) was used to treat PCOS-like mice (BALB/c mice), ovariectomized+estrogen implanted obese mice (C57BL/6J mice) and 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes were carried out to investigate its effect on metabolism in vivo and in vitro. The fat volumes, serum biochemical indexes, adipokines and inflammatory cytokines, metabolism-related gene expression and the concentrations of ATP, NAD+, NADPH…etc. were studied.We found a positive correlation between serum NKB and lipid metabolism indicators in PCOS women. Using the mouse models, we demonstrated that administration of NK3Ra regulates serum adipokines, inhibits weight gain with a marked decrease in fat volume, adipocyte size, and inflammatory cytokines, and promotes oxidative metabolism and energy consumption. NK3Ra reduces lipid accumulation in mature murine adipocytes by inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) genes. NK3Ras also enhances oxidative metabolism and energy consumption by maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis.This study backs the use of NK3Ras as a potential therapeutic for PCOS since it ameliorates both reproductive and metabolic aberrations.

Life history theory proposes that it is adaptive for older people to shift investment away from reproductive effort (such as mating) to survivorship. However, it remains unclear whether the shift is also present at the psychological level. We investigated this question by comparing preferences for mate choice-relevant cues, sexually dimorphic facial images, between older (60 years and older, n = 92) and younger adults (18–40 years, n = 86). Results showed that older adults had significantly smaller preferences for sexually dimorphic faces of both sexes than young adults. Specifically, both older men and women showed no significant preferences for sexually dimorphic traits when judging opposite-sex faces, and smaller preferences for masculine male faces and feminine female faces when judging same-sex faces. Young adults generally showed strong preferences for masculine male faces and feminine female faces. In Study 2, we confirmed that the absent/reduced preferences in older adults for sexually dimorphic faces did not result from poor visual ability. The smaller preferences for sexually dimorphic facial cues in older adults compared to young adults suggest that older adults may shift away from mating-oriented psychology as they become less fertile.

People form first impressions from facial appearance rapidly, and these impressions can have considerable social and economic consequences. Three dimensions can explain Western perceivers’ impressions of Caucasian faces: approachability, youthful-attractiveness, and dominance. Impressions along these dimensions are theorized to be based on adaptive cues to threat detection or sexual selection, making it likely that they are universal. We tested whether the same dimensions of facial impressions emerge across culture by building data-driven models of first impressions of Asian and Caucasian faces derived from Chinese and British perceivers’ unconstrained judgments. We then cross-validated the dimensions with computer-generated average images. We found strong evidence for common approachability and youthful-attractiveness dimensions across perceiver and face race, with some evidence of a third dimension akin to capability. The models explained ~75% of the variance in facial impressions. In general, the findings demonstrate substantial cross-cultural agreement in facial impressions, especially on the most salient dimensions.

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Men are hypothesized to show stronger preferences for physical attractiveness in potential mates than women are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for short-term relationships. By contrast, women are thought to show stronger preferences for social status in potential mates than men are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for long-term relationships. These mate-preference sex differences are often claimed to be ‘universal' (i.e. stable across cultures). Consequently, we used an established ‘budget-allocation' task to investigate Chinese and UK participants' preferences for physical attractiveness and social status in potential mates. Confirmatory analyses replicated these sex differences in both samples, consistent with the suggestion that they occur in diverse cultures. However, confirmatory analyses also showed that Chinese women had stronger preferences for social status than UK women did, suggesting cultural differences in the magnitude of mate-preference sex differences can also occur.

On average, women show stronger preferences for mates with good earning capacity than men do, while men show stronger preferences for physically attractive mates than women do. Studies reporting that sex differences in mate preferences are smaller in countries with greater gender equality have been interpreted as evidence that these sex differences in mate preferences are caused by the different roles society imposes on men and women. Here, we attempted to replicate previously reported links between sex differences in mate preferences and country-level measures of gender inequality in a sample of 3,073 participants from 36 countries (data and code available at https://osf.io/4sr5f/ ). Although women preferred mates with good earning capacity more than men did and men preferred physically attractive mates more than women did, we found little evidence that these sex differences were smaller in countries with greater gender equality. Although one analysis suggested that the sex difference in preferences for good earning capacity was smaller in countries with greater gender equality, this effect was not significant when controlling for Galton’s problem or when correcting for multiple comparisons. Collectively, these results provide little support for the social roles account of sex differences in mate preferences.

Evidence that affective factors (e.g., anxiety, depression, affect) are significantly related to individual differences in emotion recognition is mixed. Palermo et al. (2018 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance) recently reported that individuals who scored lower in anxiety performed significantly better on two measures of facial-expression recognition (emotion-matching and emotion-labeling tasks), but not a third measure (the Multimodal Emotion Recognition Test). By contrast, facial- expression recognition was not significantly correlated with measures of depression, positive or negative affect, empathy, or autistic-like traits. Because the range of affective factors considered in this study and its use of multiple expression-recognition tasks mean that it is a relatively comprehensive investigation of the role of affective factors in facial expression recognition, we propose to carry out a direct replication.

Supplemental Material for A Data-Driven Test for Cross-Cultural Differences in Face Preferences by Lingshan Zhang, Iris J. Holzleitner, Anthony J. Lee, Hongyi Wang School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China Chengyang Han, Vanessa Fasolt, Lisa M. DeBruine and Benedict C. Jones in Perception

Men are hypothesized to show stronger preferences for physical attractiveness in potential mates than women are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for short-term relationships. By contrast, women are thought to show stronger preferences for social status in potential mates than men are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for long-term relationships. These mate-preference sex differences are often claimed to be ‘universal' (i.e. stable across cultures). Consequently, we used an established ‘budget-allocation' task to investigate Chinese and UK participants' preferences for physical attractiveness and social status in potential mates. Confirmatory analyses replicated these sex differences in both samples, consistent with the suggestion that they occur in diverse cultures. However, confirmatory analyses also showed that Chinese women had stronger preferences for social status than UK women did, suggesting cultural differences in the magnitude of mate-preference sex differences can also occur.

Men are hypothesized to show stronger preferences for physical attractiveness in potential mates than women are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for short-term relationships. By contrast, women are thought to show stronger preferences for social status in potential mates than men are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for long-term relationships. These mate-preference sex differences are often claimed to be ‘universal’ (i.e., stable across cultures). Consequently, we used an established “budget allocation” task to investigate Chinese and UK participants’ preferences for physical attractiveness and social status in potential mates. Confirmatory analyses replicated these sex differences in both samples, consistent with the suggestion that they occur in diverse cultures. However, confirmatory analyses also showed that Chinese women had stronger preferences for social status than UK women did, suggesting cultural differences in the magnitude of mate-preference sex differences can also occur.

This paper presents geoacoustic inversion of modal dispersion data in the South China Sea using a single hydrophone and multiple impulsive sources at ranges from 5–100 km along a shallow-water track with slowly varying bathymetry. As a first step, the source waveform and bubble pulse are deconvolved from the recorded time series using a short-range source recording, corrected for the surface reflection. A time-frequency warping analysis is used to filter individual modes and obtain dispersion (arrival time as a function of frequency) data for three modes. Trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion is applied to the modal dispersion data, based on probabilistic sampling over an unknown number of seabed layers. Range-dependent inversion is considered, based on separating the environment into a sequence of range-independent sections, with frequency-dependent modal propagation times summed over segments. The inversion results are compared to core samples collected at sites along the survey line and to an independent headwave arrival-time analysis of the impulsive-source data.

Research on the propagation characteristics of air-to-water sound transmission is of great importance to the detection of aerial target from underwater. In order to study the propagation characteristics of air-to-water sound transmission in shallow water, an experiment was conducted in the South China Sea in March, 2013. During the experiment, signals transmitted by a hooter hung on a research ship were received by an underwater hydrophone. The source signals were also recorded by a microphone under the hooter. The distance between the hooter and the hydrophone was from 2.4 km to 9.8 km approximately. Data measured during the experiment is analysed in this paper. The transmitted signals and received signals were carefully filtered and calibrated one-by-one. It is shown that the SNRs at 9.8km are up to 12 dB and 18 dB at the frequencies 128 Hz and 256 Hz, respectively. The experimental air-to-water sound transmission loss is estimated up to 9.8 km in range, which has clear oscillation structure. A wave-number integration approach is used to predict the air-to-water transmission losses, which are in good agreement with experimental data.

The underwater sound propagation from an airborne source has been paid much attention recently. To explore the underwater sound propagation from an airborne source in deep water, an experiment was conducted in South China Sea. A vertical line array of hydrophones with depth from 100 meters to 3400 meters was anchored on the seabed to detect the sound of a loudspeaker. Two microphones were placed under the loudspeaker to measure the source level. Both continuous and linear frequency modulation wave signals with frequency from 100 Hz to 2000 Hz were transmitted by the loudspeaker. The distances between the loudspeaker and the vertical line array were from 5km to 14.5km. Comparing signal detected by underwater hydrophones with signal detected by microphones in air, transmission loss of is figured out. The transmission loss predicted by a wave number integration model OAST is compared with the experimental results.

Spatial correlation is an important characteristic of underwater sound field, which is relevant to the detection of aerial targets from underwater. But compared with waterborne sources there are few researches about airborne sources. In order to perform further analysis on the air-to-water sound transmission in shallow water, State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, conducted an experiment in the South China Sea in March, 2013. During the experiment, multi-frequency signals transmitted by a hooter hung on a research ship were received by a horizontal line array (HLA) which laid on the seabottom, and signals far from 9.8 km were received successfully. Based on data recorded in the experiment, the longitudinal horizontal correlation coefficients of underwater sound field excited by airborne source at different distances with the frequency is 128 Hz are obtained, which have evident oscillation structure as horizontal spacing increases. The mathematical expression is derived based on the normal mode theory and gives a better physical explanation for the oscillatory behavior of the experimental longitudinal horizontal correlation. Spatial correlation is an important characteristic of underwater sound field, which is relevant to the detection of aerial targets from underwater. But compared with waterborne sources there are few researches about airborne sources. In order to perform further analysis on the air-to-water sound transmission in shallow water, State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, conducted an experiment in the South China Sea in March, 2013. During the experiment, multi-frequency signals transmitted by a hooter hung on a research ship were received by a horizontal line array (HLA) which laid on the seabottom, and signals far from 9.8 km were received successfully. Based on data recorded in the experiment, the longitudinal horizontal correlation coefficients of underwater sound field excited by airborne source at different distances with the frequency is 128 Hz are obtained, which have evident oscillation structure as horizontal spacing increases. The mathematical expression is derived based on the nor...