Search

In recent years, the incidence of blunt cardiac injury (BCI) has increased rapidly and is an important cause of death in trauma patients. This study aimed to explore early diagnosis and therapy to increase survival. All patients with BCI during the past 15 years were analyzed retrospectively regarding the mechanism of injury, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and outcome. The patients were divided into two groups according to the needs of their condition—nonoperative (Group A) and operative (Group B). Comparisons of the groups were performed. A total of 348 patients with BCI accounted for 18.3 per cent of 1903 patients with blunt thoracic injury. The main cause of injury was traffic accidents, with an incidence of 48.3 per cent. In Group A (n = 305), most patients sustained myocardial contusion, and the mortality was 6.9 per cent. In Group B (n = 43), including those with cardiac rupture and pericardial hernia, the mortality was 32.6 per cent. Comparisons of the groups regarding the shock rate and mortality were significant ( P < 0.01). Deaths directly resulting from BCI in Group B were greater than those in Group A ( P < 0.05). In all 348 patients, the mortality rate was 10.1 per cent. When facing a patient with blunt thoracic injury, a high index of suspicion for BCI must be maintained. To manage myocardial contusion, it is necessary to protect the heart, alleviate edema of the myocardium, and control arrhythmia with drugs. To deal with those requiring operation, early recognition and expeditious thoracotomy are essential.

Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) increases with traffic accidents and is an important cause of death in trauma patients. In particular, for patients who need surgical treatment, the mortality rate is extremely high unless the patient is promptly operated on. This study aimed to explore early recognition and expeditious surgical intervention to increase survival. All patients with BCIs during the past 15 years were reviewed, and those who underwent operative treatment were analyzed retrospectively regarding the mechanism of injury, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and outcome. A total of 348 patients with BCIs accounted for 18.3% of 1903 patients with blunt thoracic injury (BTI). Of 348 patients, 43 underwent operative treatment. The main cause of injury was traffic accidents, with an incidence of 48.8%. Of them, steering wheel injuries occurred in 15 patients. In 26 patients, a preoperative diagnosis was obtained by echocardiography, CT scanning, etc. In the remaining 17, who had to undergo urgent thoracotomy without any preoperative imaging, a definitive diagnosis of BCI was proven during the operation. The volume of preoperative infusion or crystalloid was

The number of patients with bronchial trauma (BT) who survived to hospital admission has increased with the improvement of prehospital care; early diagnosis and treatment should be considered, especially among blunt trauma patients, whose diagnosis is frequently delayed.To describe the early recognition and surgical management considerations of blunt and penetrating BTs, and to elaborate the differences between them.All patients with BTs during the past 15 years were reviewed, and data were retrospectively analyzed regarding the mechanism of injury, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and outcomes. According to the injury mechanisms, the patients were divided into two groups: Blunt BT (BBT) group and penetrating BT (PBT) group. The injury severity, treatment procedures, and prognoses of the two groups were compared.A total of 73 patients with BT were admitted during the study period. The proportion of BTs among the entire cohort with chest trauma was 2.4% (73/3018), and all 73 underwent thoracotomy. Polytrauma patients accounted for 81.6% in the BBT group and 22.9% in the PBT group, and the mean Injury Severity Score was 38.22 ± 8.13 and 21.33 ± 6.12, respectively. Preoperative three-dimensional spiral computed tomography (CT) and/or fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) were performed in 92.1% of cases in the BBT group (The difference between blunt and penetrating BTs is obvious. In BBT, patients generally have no vessel injury, and the diagnosis is easily missed, leading to delayed treatment. The main cause of death is ventilation disturbance due to tension pneumothorax early and refractory atelectasis with pneumonia late. However, in PBT, most patients require emergency thoracotomy because of simultaneous vessel trauma and massive hemothorax, and delays in diagnosis are infrequent. The leading cause of death is hemorrhagic shock.

Power devices are developing towards high performance, small size, modularization and integration. These devices need not only high thermal performance, but also complex circuit layout. However, power devices of traditional wiring technology are unable to meet the requirements. In order to solve this problem, a new kind of advanced and extensible power package device is developed by the embedded packaging technology, which utilizes porous heat dissipation and conduction, with low resistance and good thermal performance. The reliability of power devices after moisture adsorption and reflow soldering is a key problem to be overcome in project development. In order to verify the problem, DFN5×6 embedded package is used to replace the traditional lead package test, which uses finite element software to build the three-dimensional model as to analyze the distribution of relative moisture and thermal stress in embedded package during re-welding. According to the size of the simulation model to manufacture the experimental products, which proves that there's no product failed after verifying MSL3 through the electrical property test. This packaging method has excellent low resistance property and will be more and more used in power devices.

Onboard X-Band Weather Radar and data filter prediction is one of core services of the Xinjiang meteorological emergency system. Based on installation conditions provided by IVECO trunk, the structure of X-band radar antenna, lifting height and antenna work requirements, combined with the modular design concept, this paper developed the X-band weather radar antenna dedicated lifting system. This system consists of radar antenna base platform, lifting rack rails, rollers, sprockets, cylinder etc. when working, the system can not only utilize the synchronizing control strategy to ensure the system stability but also quickly set up an antenna. Based on the design of Onboard X-band Weather radar antenna lifting electromechanical system, we developed the radar data management system. In this software, Object-oriented programming language, multi-threaded programming methods and software modularity method is utilized to design the platform architecture, GIS controls and dynamic mesh technology are used to make the radar map, and based on the principle of Kalman filtering, intelligent prediction approaches are studied. Computer numerical simulation and experimental results show that the electromechanical system developed by this paper has good performance and utilized the data filtering technology to provide the reliable method for meteorological warning.

In this paper, Huadian oil shale was divided into six density sections through the use of a float–sink method. By utilizing thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) etc. analytic methods, a study was conducted of industrial and elementary analysis, pyrolysis characteristics, kinetic property of oil shale of different densities. The results of the proximate and ultimate analysis show that with an increase in density of oil shale, an increase of ash content in oil shale, fixed carbon content, a decrease of volatile, element hydrogen, organic carbon and nitrogen content. The main minerals of oil shale are quartz, clay and calcite. The pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale of different densities are various, which due to the distinctive of the organic matter and mineral matter. The pyrolysis curves of oil shale of six densities indicate that oil shale in the range 1.50∼1.60 g/cm3 assumes a most intense pyrolysis and the maximum decomposition rate in the low temperature step. The weight loss of six density fractions becomes ever weaker with an increase of density.

A 46-year-old male sustained severe pe- netrating injury by a sharp instrument to his right upper sternoclavicular junction. The wound tract was from suprasternal notch to mediastinum. Exploratory operation via median sternotomy under general anesthesia found a large mediastinal septum hematoncus, as well as brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein injuries. The perforating vascular wounds were repaired with 5-0 prolene suture. He was recovered uneventfully and discharged 9 days after operation. There was no sequel found during 7 years follow-up.

Oil shale is abundant in the world. Today, the industry of oil shale retorting for producing shale oil is developing owing to high price of oil in the world. In order to study migratory behavior of trace elements in oil shale at microwave pyrolysis, tests were performed in laboratory with oil shale of the Huadian deposit of China at different powers from 400 to 700 W. The trace elements As, Cd, Hg, Mo, Pb, Se, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Ba, Co, Mn present in oil shale and shale char were determined by the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). By comparing the content of trace elements in oil shale and shale char, distribution characteristics of trace elements at retorting were studied. The overall trends of volatile ratio of trace elements are ascending with higher microwave power and higher than the conventional pyrolysis. The differences in the volatile ratio indicate that the trace elements investigated are bound with the oil shale kerogen and its mineral matter in different manner. So Float-sink experiments (FSE) were performed on oil shale. Huadian oil shale has more included mineral. The volatilization of organic matter is not the main reason for the volatilization of trace elements in oil shale. The trace elements combined with the mineral elements may be also certain volatility.

To study the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Hegu" (LI 4) and/or "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on immune functions in gastric carcinoma rats after operation.Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, ST36, L14, SP6, ST36 + LI4, ST36 + SP6, LI4 + SP6, ST36 + LI4 + SP6, non-acupoint (about 10 mm lateral to ST36) and model groups, with 6 cases in each. Gastric carcinoma model was made by intraperitoneal injection of Walker-256 cloned strain (0.1 ml, 2 x 10(7) cells). EA (2-100 Hz, 1-3 mA) was applied to these acupoints for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4 contents were detected with simple immunodiffusion method; and CD4+ and CD8+ levels were measured by flow cytometry.In comparison with normal control group, serum IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 and CD8+ contents, and CD4+/CD8+ in model group decreased significantly (P0.05, 0.01); while CD8+ content in model group increased remarkably (P0.01). Compared with model group, serum IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in non-acupoint group had no significant changes (P0.05), while most of these indexes in EA groups (ST36, LI4, SP6, ST36+ LI4, ST36 + SP6, LI4 + SP6, ST36 + LI4 + SP6) increased considerably (P0.05, 0.01) except CD8+ level (decreased significantly, P0.05, 0.01). No significant differences were found among 7 EA groups (P0.05), but the effects of ST36 + LI4 + SP6 group were slightly better than those of the other 6 EA groups.EA of "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Hegu" (LI 4) or "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) or two of them or these 3 acupoints can obviously enhance the immune function of post-surgery rats with gastric carcinoma.

To make further improvement of outcome of patients with polytrauma and coma.The data of 3361 patients (2378 males and 983 females, aged from 5-95 years, 38.2 years on average) with severe polytrauma and coma admitted to Chongqing Emergency Medical Center (Level I Trauma Center), Chongqing, China, from November 1978 to December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively in this study.The overall survival rate and mortality were 93.2% (3133/3361) and 6.8% (228/3361), respectively. The mortalities in patients with coma duration less than 1 hour and combined with neural dysfunction and in patients with coma duration larger than or equal to 1 hour and combined with or without neural dysfunction were significantly higher than that of those with coma duration less than 1 hour but without neural dysfunction [39.5% (136/344) vs 3.0% (92/3017), P less than 0.01]. There existed significant differences in GCS, ISS, and revised trauma score (RTS) between the death group and the survival group (P less than 0.01). RTS was in good correspondence with patient's pathophysiological status and outcome in patients with multiple trauma and coma for different groups of systolic blood pressure (SBP). The mortality in patients with SBP less than 90 mm Hg was significantly higher than that of those with SBP larger than or equal to 90 mm Hg [33.3% (68/204) vs 5.1% (160/3157), P less than 0.01]. The mortality in polytrauma patients combined with serious head injury (AIS larger than or equal to 3) was 8.2%, among which, 76.5% died from lung complications. The morbidity rate of lung complications and mortality rate increased in patients with head injury complicated with chest or abdomen injury (23.9%, 61.1% vs 27.3%, 50.0%). The mortality reached up to 61.9% in patients complicated with severe head, chest and abdomen injuries simultaneously.It plays a key role to establish a fast and effective trauma care system and prompt and definite surgical procedures and to strengthen the management of complications for improving the survival rate of patients with severe polytrauma and coma.

We report the study of the polycrystalline MgB2 phase formation during the fabrication processes. Three major phases are identified in different sintering temperature ranges according to the corresponding superconducting properties and the crystalization conditions. The optimum fabrication parameters are obtained for the MgB2 superconducting phase formation., 10 pages, figures included

This study has been undertaken to provide an insight into the proximate and ultimate analysis, mineral matter distributions, pyrolysis characteristics and pore structure of three density fractions of Huadian oil shale. XRD analysis shows that the major phases in oil shale of different densities are present as clays, quartz and calcite. Low-density pulverized oil shale predominantly contains organic matter and a small amount of mineral matter while high-density pulverized oil shale contains an abundance of mineral matter. The difference is that the former contains mainly internal mineral matter, but in the latter a large quantity of excluded mineral matter predominates. The pyrolysis curves of oil shale of three densities indicate that the light density fraction assumes a most intense pyrolysis and the weight loss, and the decomposition rate becomes ever weaker with an increase of density in the range of 250–550 C. Clays have a catalytic effect on the reactivity of oil shale pyrolysis, causing the degradation of the medium and high fraction to start at a lower temperature. Pore structure of oil shale was measured by using a N2 isothermal adsorption/desorption method. The pore shapes of oil shale of different densities all present slit types. The pore volume and BET surface area of the medium density fraction is higher than that of the light and high density fraction.