Search

Background. Substantial evidence has demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are correlated with patient prognosis. The TIL-based immune score (IS) affects prognosis in various cancers, but its prognostic impact in gastric cancer (GC) patients treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. Methods. A total of 101 GC patients who received chemoradiotherapy after gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Immunohistochemistry staining for CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell counts in both tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM) regions was built into the IS. Patients were then divided into three groups based on their differential IS levels. The correlation between IS and clinical parameters was analyzed. The prognostic impact of IS and clinical parameters was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to compare the area under the curve (AUC) of IS with other clinical parameters. Nomograms for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) prediction were constructed based on the identified parameters. Results. Finally, 20 (19.8%), 57 (56.4%), and 24 (23.8%) GC patients were identified with low, intermediate, and high IS levels, respectively. GC patients with higher IS levels exhibited better DFS ( p p p p

B7-H3 isoforms, 4IgB7-H3 (4Ig) and 2IgB7-H3 (2Ig) expression characteristics in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unknown. This study investigated mRNA and membrane protein expression of two isoforms in AML cell lines and de novo patients by using RT-PCR and flow cytometry, and analyzed the B7-H3 promoter methylation state by utilizing RQ-MSP. 4Ig was the dominant B7-H3 isoform. 2Ig mRNA expression rate and abundance were elevated in AML in comparison with controls (P=0.000 and 0.000), while no significant difference in 4Ig (P=0.802, P=0.398). Membrane protein levels of B7-H3 isoforms in AML was higher than controls, detected by total B7-H3 expression rate (P=0.002), total B7-H3 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) ratio of blast cells and lymphocytes (MFI ratio) (P=0.000), and 4Ig B7-H3 MFI ratio (P=0.005). Compared with 2Iglow group, 2Ighigh patients had older age, lower NPM1 mutation, higher FLT3-ITD mutation, and declining complete remission (CR) rates (P=0.026, 0.012, 0.047, and 0.028). In B7-H3high group, there was a trend towards older age, -M4 and M5, worse karyotype, and lower CR rates, although with no marked difference (P>0.05). The overall survival (OS) of 2Ighigh and B7-H3high groups were shorter than that of 2Iglow and B7-H3low groups in the whole and non-M3 AML cohorts (P=0.006 and 0.046; P=0.003 and 0.032). Besides, an unmethylated B7-H3 promoter was identified. In conclusion, 2Ig mRNA and total B7-H3 isoforms membrane protein tended to have potential diagnostic value for AML. Specifically, high 2Ig mRNA expression and total B7-H3 membrane protein expression indicate worse OS. 4Ig and 2Ig expression are methylation-independent.

The role of B7‐H3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not fully understood. Two previous studies investigating its expression and significances in AML are partially different. In this study, we aimed to systematically characterize the genomic and immune landscape in AML patients with altered B7‐H3 expression using multi‐omics data in the public domain. We found significantly increased B7‐H3 expression in AML compared to either other hematological malignancies or healthy controls. Clinically, high B7‐H3 expression was associated with old age, TP53 mutations, wild‐type WT1 and CEBPA, and the M3 and M5 FAB subtypes. Moreover, we observed that increased B7‐H3 expression correlated significantly with a poor outcome of AML patients in four independent datasets. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the enrichment of the “EMT” oncogenic gene signatures in high B7‐H3 expressers. Further investigation suggested that B7‐H3 was more likely to be associated with immune‐suppressive cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and Th17 cells). B7‐H3 was also positively associated with a number of checkpoint genes, such as VISTA (B7‐H5), CD80 (B7‐1), CD86 (B7‐2), and CD70. In summary, we uncovered distinct genomic and immunologic features associated with B7‐H3 expression in AML. This may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying B7‐H3 dysregulation in AML and to the development of novel therapeutic strategies., In this paper, we found significantly increased B7‐H3 expression in AML compared to either other hematological malignancies or healthy controls. Importantly, we observed that increased B7‐H3 expression correlated significantly with a poor outcome of AML patients in four independent datasets. We also uncovered distinct genomic and immunologic features associated with B7‐H3 expression in AML.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of blindness, and the incidence of this disease has been increasing in recent years. To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the high temperature requirement factor A-1 (HTRA1) and complement factor H (CFH) genes and susceptibility to AMD in Ningbo, China. Ninety-eight patients with AMD and seventy-three controls were recruited at the Sixth Hospital of Ningbo from August 2017 to April 2019 in China. Genomic DNA was extracted from the venous blood provided by the hospital, and the genotypes of the AMD susceptibility genes CFH and HTAR1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. The SNPs rs11200638 on the HTRA1 gene and rs3753394 on the CFH gene were selected for genotype and association analysis. The correlations between the different genotypes of HTRA1 and CFH and AMD were analysed by the Chi-squared test. All the genotypes adhered to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There were three genotypes (AA, AG and GG) in HTRA1 (rs11200638). The differences in genotypes and allele frequency between the AMD group and the control group were statistically significant (P 0.05). The rs11200638 SNP of the HTRA1 gene is associated with AMD, and the AA genotype is a risk factor for AMD in the Ningbo population. There is no significant correlation between the rs3753394 SNP of the CFH gene and AMD.

Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is a serious environmental problem, thus it is very important to study the toxicity effect and mechanism of PM2.5. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics technique was used to investigate the metabolic disruption effect and reproductive toxicity mechanism of PM2.5 on rat testis. The profile of aqueous and organic testis metabolic extracts were acquired, and then analyzed by partial least square-discriminant analysis and nonparametric test. The results showed that control group and treatment group were clearly discriminated in the scoring plot of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models, indicating PM2.5 treatment induced significant difference in testis metabolome, a total of 56 differential metabolites were identified, and further pathway analysis suggested that PM2.5 exposure induced amino acid and nucleotide metabolism disorder, steroid hormone metabolism imbalance and abnormal lipid metabolism. These important pathways may be the key molecular evens in the PM2.5 reproductive toxicity.

Rationale Diffusion of an analyte is one of the main determinants of reduced sensitivity in an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. In this work, the relative responses of compounds and their stable isotope-labeled (SIL) products in different injection modes were compared to investigate the diffusion behavior of analytes in ESI, without influence of other factors. Methods Chloramphenicol (CAP) and D5 -CAP as well as melamine (Mel) and (13) C3 -Mel were used to illustrate the diffusion behavior in different operation modes and different ion sources, by comparing their relative responses in infusion mode and flow injection analysis (FIA) mode under variable temperature. Results In infusion mode, sample solution was introduced by syringe, and formed a stable and continuous signal. While in FIA mode, because of the huge difference in volume between the sample solution and the mobile phase, it is assumed that analyte ionizes and transmits in the gaseous phase created by the mobile phase. Analytes formed different concentration distributions in the two injection modes. The relative responses of CAP and D5 -CAP increased from 0.81 to 0.98 when the temperature was increased from 300 °C to 650 °C in infusion mode and decreased from 1.37 to 1.17 with increasing temperature in FIA mode. The opposite trends of the two injection modes were also obtained in positive operation modes and ion sources with different configuration. Conclusions Opposite variation tendencies of relative responses of model samples and their stable isotope-labeled products with temperature were observed for infusion and FIA injection modes, indicating different diffusion behaviors in the two injection modes. These results provide a theoretical basis for ion source designing and better understanding of the ESI mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PM2.5 and PM10 are very important indexes reflecting the air quality in atmospheric environment monitoring. Based on Mie angular scattering theory, a system measuring particulates diameter and concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was designed, which used optical fiber as transmission medium. Theoretical deduction and Matlab program simulation were presented to illustrate the basic principle of Mie angular scattering. The influences of laser wavelength, detection angle and other parameters on the measurement accuracy were discussed in detail. It had been found that the measurement results had multi-valued problem when the measurement angle range was too small. However, this problem was eliminated obviously when the angle range is greater than 25 degrees.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pain management for dental implant patients during perioperative period, in order to improve nursing care of ambulatory dental implant surgery.One hundred patients requiring ambulatory dental implant surgery were randomly divided into management group or control group, several intervention measures of pain management were provided for patients in management group, while only conventional nursing care were taken for patients in control group. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package.With the same level of mental strain, patients in management group showed a lower pain rate and higher satisfaction rate, which were significantly different from the control group.Pain management for dental implant patients during perioperative period can reduce patients' discomfort, improve patients' satisfaction, and facilitate patients' rehabilitation.

Diffusion of an analyte is one of the main determinants of reduced sensitivity in an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. In this work, the relative responses of compounds and their stable isotope-labeled (SIL) products in different injection modes were compared to investigate the diffusion behavior of analytes in ESI, without influence of other factors.Chloramphenicol (CAP) and D5 -CAP as well as melamine (Mel) and (13) C3 -Mel were used to illustrate the diffusion behavior in different operation modes and different ion sources, by comparing their relative responses in infusion mode and flow injection analysis (FIA) mode under variable temperature.In infusion mode, sample solution was introduced by syringe, and formed a stable and continuous signal. While in FIA mode, because of the huge difference in volume between the sample solution and the mobile phase, it is assumed that analyte ionizes and transmits in the gaseous phase created by the mobile phase. Analytes formed different concentration distributions in the two injection modes. The relative responses of CAP and D5 -CAP increased from 0.81 to 0.98 when the temperature was increased from 300 °C to 650 °C in infusion mode and decreased from 1.37 to 1.17 with increasing temperature in FIA mode. The opposite trends of the two injection modes were also obtained in positive operation modes and ion sources with different configuration.Opposite variation tendencies of relative responses of model samples and their stable isotope-labeled products with temperature were observed for infusion and FIA injection modes, indicating different diffusion behaviors in the two injection modes. These results provide a theoretical basis for ion source designing and better understanding of the ESI mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John WileySons, Ltd.

The goal of this study is to present the multiple institutions experience comparing the outcome of management between initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) surgeon and specialist as well as the outcome of different operative procedures to major bile duct injury (BDI) after LC. We have retrospectively collected data of 77 cases of perioperatively detected major BDI in LC at 15 general surgical institutions from 1997 to 2007. We classified 42 cases treated by an experienced biliary surgeon as Group A and 35 cases treated by the initial LC surgeon as Group B. Forty-eight cases were treated with duct-to-duct anastomosis as Group C and 29 cases were treated with Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy as Group D. The median duration of follow-up was 62 months. The outcome of groups was compared. In Group A, 7 of 42 (16.7%) patients developed a failure. Two of seven (28.6%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. In Group B, 24 of 35 (68.6%) patients developed a failure. Seventeen of 24 (70.8%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. One of 35 (2.85%) patients died. The significant differences were observed in failure and secondary operations (16.7 vs 68.6%, P < 0.01 and 28.6 vs 70.8%, P < 0.01). There is no significant difference Group C and Group D in failure rate (28.5 vs 11.7%, P > 0.05). A multiple institutional cooperative methodology between the local surgical institution and tertiary care centers provided a good way to limit further operations, failure. The reconstructive strategy is important and should be selected according to the type of injury and the diagnosed status of major BDI.

The distributed power generation is an energy development way which can most manifest the multiple advantages such as the energy saving, emission reduction, safety and flexible trait. As a kind of distributed power generation technology of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has already transited from supplement energy to alternative energy. Although solar photovoltaic power generation industry develops very quickly in China, actual application cases of substation photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system are few. In this paper, the research of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is used in Zhuishan substation in Bengbu Anhui province. The system is the first set of substation photovoltaic-connected grid power generation system in Anhui province. It has being operated for three years safety and steady. The whole application of the system is advanced and groundbreaking in the domestic.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Vedolizumab is an anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibody that exclusively targets the α4β7 integrin. We aimed to systematically review the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2014. Randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy or safety of vedolizumab in patients with IBDs were eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted independently by 2 investigators and pooled using Review Manager 5.0 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen). Results were expressed as the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Six randomized controlled trials involving 2815 patients were eligible for inclusion. Vedolizumab was more effective than placebo for patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease (CD) in clinical response (RR = 1.82, 95% CI, [1.43, 2.31]; RR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.18,1.81]) and clinical remission (RR = 2.23, 95% CI [1.35, 3.68]; RR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.25, 2.34]) during induction therapy. A superior effect was found during maintenance therapy in durable clinical/CD Activity Index-100 response (RR = 2.22, 95% CI [1.62, 3.05]; RR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.13, 1.94]) and clinical remission (RR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.38, 4.70]; RR = 1.15, 95% CI [0.75, 1.77]). However, vedolizumab may be associated with serious adverse events (RR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.03, 1.52]) and nasopharyngitis (RR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.08, 2.25]) for patients with CD. Vedolizumab was more effective than placebo as induction and maintenance therapy for IBDs, with an acceptable short-term safety profile, and achieving cure, although it may be associated with serious adverse events and nasopharyngitis for patients with CD.

Objective Endoscopies are common clinical examinations that are somewhat painful and even cause fear and anxiety for patients. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of music on patients undergoing various endoscopic procedures. Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, Issue 6, 2013, PubMed, and EMBASE databases up to July 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopies, with and without the use of music, were included. Two authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the impact of music on different types of endoscopic procedures. Results Twenty-one randomized controlled trials involving 2,134 patients were included. The overall effect of music on patients undergoing a variety of endoscopic procedures significantly improved pain score (weighted mean difference \[WMD] = −1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI\] \[−2.53, −0.53\]), anxiety (WMD = −6.04, 95% CI [−9.61, −2.48]), heart rate ( P = 0.01), arterial pressure ( P < 0.05), and satisfaction score (SMD = 1.83, 95% CI [0.76, 2.91]). Duration of the procedure ( P = 0.29), except for gastrointestinal endoscopy ( P = 0.03), and sedative or analgesic medication dose ( P = 0.23, P = 0.12, respectively) were not significantly decreased in the music group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, music had little effect for patients undergoing colposcopy and bronchoscopy in the subanalysis. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that music may offer benefits for patients undergoing endoscopy, except in colposcopy and bronchoscopy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, causing over 370 000 deaths per year, with approximately half of them in China. Chemotherapy is the optimal treatment for patients with advanced HCC, although chemoresistance has become a significant obstacle to successful liver cancer surgery. In this paper, we have assessed the characteristics of drugs to explore the effects of individual and combined action of organic silicone quaternary ammonium salt (Jieyoushen) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The results of MTT assays showed that single and combined action of Jieyoushen and 5-FU can inhibit the proliferation of liver carcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, respectively. Electron microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining showed characteristic apoptotic bodies in apoptotic cells treated with Jieyoushen and 5-FU. Flow cytometry results indicated that the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase gradually increased, whereas it gradually decreased during the S phase after treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of Jieyoushen with 5-FU exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on HCC growth and that targeted therapeutic strategies may improve HCC sensitivity to chemotherapy. (c) 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

To assess the impact of individual nursing care on aged patients who underwent tooth extraction in outpatient clinic.One hundred aged patients who required tooth extraction were allocated into the experimental group (with individual nursing care before extraction) or the control group (blank control). The level of patients' anxiety was evaluated by HAMA scale before and after extraction. The pain state was evaluated by VRS scale after extraction. The date was analyzed for student's t test and ANONA by SPSS 16.0 software package.Both the anxious score and VRS score after extraction in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05).For aged patients who underwent tooth extraction, individual nursing care can alleviate the level of their anxiety, which is helpful to improve their reliance and reduce complications.

To Introduce health education pathway to patients with removal impacted teeth, with the aim of helping patients to reduce tension or anxiety and improve the level of patients' satisfaction and cognition for dental surgery.One hundred patients with impacted teeth surgery were randomly allocated into the experimental group and the control group. Health education pathway was given to patients in the experimental group while patients in the control group received traditional health education before surgery. The Hamilton-Anxiety Scale(HAMA) was applied to evaluate the anxiety of patients before and after treatment. A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among patients to evaluate the level of their satisfaction and cognition of dental surgery.Before the experiment, no significant difference in HAMA score was found between the two groups. After health education conducted, the score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P0.01), meanwhile the rate of satisfaction and the level of cognition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.01).Establishing and conducting the health education pathway on patients with impacted teeth removal can reduce their tension or anxiety, thus improving the quality of clinical service.

The goal of this study is to present the multiple institutions experience comparing the outcome of management between initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) surgeon and specialist as well as the outcome of different operative procedures to major bile duct injury (BDI) after LC. We have retrospectively collected data of 77 cases of perioperatively detected major BDI in LC at 15 general surgical institutions from 1997 to 2007. We classified 42 cases treated by an experienced biliary surgeon as Group A and 35 cases treated by the initial LC surgeon as Group B. Forty-eight cases were treated with duct-to-duct anastomosis as Group C and 29 cases were treated with Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy as Group D. The median duration of follow-up was 62 months. The outcome of groups was compared. In Group A, 7 of 42 (16.7%) patients developed a failure. Two of seven (28.6%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. In Group B, 24 of 35 (68.6%) patients developed a failure. Seventeen of 24 (70.8%) patients were treated by a secondary operation. One of 35 (2.85%) patients died. The significant differences were observed in failure and secondary operations (16.7 vs 68.6%, P0.01 and 28.6 vs 70.8%, P0.01). There is no significant difference Group C and Group D in failure rate (28.5 vs 11.7%, P0.05). A multiple institutional cooperative methodology between the local surgical institution and tertiary care centers provided a good way to limit further operations, failure. The reconstructive strategy is important and should be selected according to the type of injury and the diagnosed status of major BDI.

Monolithic columns of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with low electroosmotic flow (EOF) have been prepared by in-situ polymerization of butylmethacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate, without any charged groups existed in the reaction mixture. The good reproducibility of the columns has been proved no matter if they are prepared in the same or different batches. Besides the traditional ternary porogenic mixture of 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol and water, a binary porogenic mixture with only alcohols has also been adopted. In comparing with the ternary porogenic mixture, the design of binary mixture allows fine control of pore diameter and the formation of specific surface of the monolithic polymers. The effects of composition and ratio of porogenic reagents on EOF of the column systems have also been shown. The pore properties and EOF of monolithic columns with different porogenic mixtures were investigated. The results of scanning-electron micrograph show that the continuous beds were quite different from each other, while the proportions of 1-propanol were the same under these two situations. In addition, the Joule heat effect of such columns has been studied by varying the inner diameter of capillary columns. The effect of length of capillary on the EOF was also studied. Under the conditions of high pH and high concentrations of organic solvents, low EOF was obtained to satisfy different needs from the diversified separation modes. Through the separation of acidic compounds, monolithic columns with low EOF have shown potentialities in the analysis of charged samples.

In capillary electrochromatography with the mixed-mode stationary phase, while the transfer of solutes could be controlled by the contributions of chromatography (reversed-phase and ion exchange), the transfer of charged solutes could be influenced by electrophoresis transfer. According to the principle of ion independent transfer and several kinds of interaction between solute, mobile phase, and stationary phase, an theoretical expression was derived to describe the relationship among the apparent transfer velocity of solute, the transfer velocities in various forms and the diversified interactions. The studies focused on the influence of various parameters (e.g., pH, organic modifier content, stationary phase proportion) and the transfer characters of various solutes in the mixed-mode capillary electroosmotic chromatography (CEC). These results demonstrate that electroosmotic flow in the mixed stationary phase electrochromatography are kept high and steady within wide ranges of pH and organic modifier content. The separation was affected by the pH through the change of the solutes conformation. The influence of neutral solutes by organic modifier complies with the rule of conventional reversed-phase CEC. The separation of charged solutes was influenced evidently by the compete reagents which could improve the shape of the peak, but it was not so important as in the conventional ion exchange chromatography due to the adjustment by the function of electrophoresis.

AIM: To describe a population of outpatients in China infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and assess their current management status. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional study of HBV- and/or HCV-infected patients was conducted from August to November, 2011 in western China. Patients ≥ 18 years of age with HBV and/or HCV infections who visited outpatient departments at 10 hospitals were evaluated, whether treated or not. Data were collected on the day of visit from medical records and patient interviews. RESULTS: A total 4010 outpatients were analyzed, including 2562 HBV-infected and 1406 HCV-infected and 42 HBV/HCV co-infected patients. The median duration of documented infection was 7.5 years in HBV-infected and 1.8 years in HCV-infected patients. Cirrhosis was the most frequent hepatic complication (12.2%), appearing in one-third of patients within 3 years prior to or at diagnosis. The HCV genotype was determined in only 10% of HCV-infected patients. Biopsy data were only available for 54 patients (1.3%). Antiviral medications had been received by 58.2% of patients with HBV infection and 66.6% with HCV infection. Nucleos(t)ide analogs were the major antiviral medications prescribed for HBV-infected patients (most commonly adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine). Ribavirin + pegylated interferon was prescribed for two-thirds of HCV-infected patients. In the previous 12 mo, around one-fifth patients had been hospitalized due to HBV or HCV infection. CONCLUSION: This observational, real-life study has identified some gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations in China. To achieve better health outcomes, several improvements, such as disease monitoring and optimizing antiviral regimens, should be made to improve disease management.

To study the expression level and localization of insulin-like growth factor -I receptor (IGF-IR) in HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells, and to observe the effect of anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibody (alphaIR3) on the growth of HepG2 cells.The expression of IGF-IR in HepG2 cells and Chang liver cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. The influences of alphaIR3 on proliferation and apoptosis were examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and electron microscopy, respectively. Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied for the analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis was observed under electron microscope.IGF-IR was located in the membranes of both HepG2 and Chang liver cell lines, and the expression level of IGF-IR was higher in HepG2 cells than in Chang liver cells. Treated with 0.1 microg/mL alphaIR3 for 48 h in vitro, the cell growth index (GI) of HepG2 cells was significantly higher than that of control (103.41% vs 100%, P0.01). However, the alphaIR3 for 24 h at final concentration of 4.0 microg/mL made the GI of HepG2 cells lower than that of control (93.37% vs 100%, P0.01). Compared with control, treated with alphaIR3 for 48 h at final concentrations ranging from 1.0 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL markedly reduced the GIs of HepG2 cells (97.63%, 97.16%, 95.13%, 92.53% vs 100%, P0.05 or P0.01), treated with alphaIR3 for 72 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.2 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL decreased the GIs of HepG2 cells obviously (95%, 91.63%, 90.77%, 89.84%, 88.51% vs 100%, P0.01), and treated with alphaIR3 for 96 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.5 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL made GIs of HepG2 cells lower significantly (88.86%, 83.97%, 79.81%, 77.24%, 70.51% vs 100%, P0.05 or P0.01). Moreover, treated with alphaIR3 from 24 h to 96 h at final concentrations ranging from 0.2 microg/mL to 4.0 microg/mL reduced the GI of HepG2 cells from 97.63% to 70.51% in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, alphaIR3 treatment for 72 h at final concentration from 0.5 microg/mL to 2.0 microg/mL increased the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells (61.73%, 67.1%, 83.7%, 76.87% vs 44.47%, P0.01) and significantly decreased that of S phase cells (28.63%, 25.13%, 15.63%, 23.13% vs 53.17%, P0.01), in contrast to the proportion of G2/M phase cells. The apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells were increased more than that of control (7.83%, 16.13%, 21.1%, 37.73% vs 4.13%, P0.01).The malignant cell phenotype of human hepatocarcinoma cell is related to overexpression of IGF-IR. The blockage of IGF-IR with alphaIR3 may contribute to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells.