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Abstract Focus on the implications of common perioperative drugs for mitochondrial quality control and their subsequent impact on the overall physiological condition has been increasing. This review discusses the effects of perioperative drugs, such as intravenous and inhaled anesthetics, analgesics, local anesthetics on mitochondrial quality and their underlying mechanisms. These drugs influence mitochondrial properties, including morphology, dynamics, energy metabolism, and protein expression, thereby affecting the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery. Such effects can be either protective or detrimental and are contingent upon multiple variables such as the specific drug used, dosage, application timing, and the patient's overall health status. Recognizing the effects of these perioperative drugs on mitochondrial quality control is crucial to selecting safer anesthetic protocols, reducing postoperative complications, enhancing postoperative recovery, and gaining insights into the development of innovative treatment methodologies and optimization of perioperative care.

AIM: To investigate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide(TA), artesunate(ART), and luteolin(LU)on the prevention and treatment of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(TPVR). METHODS: Forty-eight cyanotic blue rabbits were selected to prepare TPVR animal models by making a penetrating eye injury and intravitreal injection of 0.3mL platelet-rich plasma, and were randomly divided into four groups(n=12), in which the vitreous cavity of the control group was injected with 0.1mL saline; The vitreous cavity of the TA group was injected with 0.1mL(1mg/mL)triamcinolone acetonide; The vitreous cavity of the ART group was injected with 0.1mL(20μg/mL)artesunate; 0.1mL(10μg/mL)luteolin was injected into the vitreous cavity of the LU group. The vitreous and retinal proliferation were observed by fundus photography and ocular ultrasound at 1, 2, 3 and 4wk postoperatively. The expression levels of α-SMA and VIM protein in the vitreous fluid of each group of rabbit eyes were detected by Western Blot at 28d postoperatively, and the retinal tissue structure of each group was observed by retinal HE staining. RESULTS: At 28d postoperatively, the TPVR grading of rabbit eyes in the TA, ART and LU groups were significantly lower than that in the control group(P

AIM: To study the braking effectiveness of artesunate on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro. METHODS: The fostered ARPE-19 cells were processed with artesunate alone or combined with the TGF-β2. The CCK-8 examination was utilized to test the cell propagation. Cell migration was detected by scratch as well as the Transwell examination. The EMT characters and activation of PI3K/Akt signal channel were estimated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The Western blotting was utilized in order to confirm the vitreous of controls as well as patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were collected and the levels of PI3K, phospho-PI3K, Akt. RESULTS: Disposal of ARPE-19 cells with artesunate (50-150 μmol/L) obviously suppressed their propagation and immigration, which dependent on the concentration and time. Artesunate suppressed the EMT which was induced by TGF-β2 in ARPE-19 cells through sustaining the expression of vimentin and α-SMA through the suppression of PI3K, phospho-PI3K, phospho-Akt and Akt. Levels of PI3K, phospho-PI3K, AKT and phospho-Akt was increased in the vitreous in PVR (P

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)is a common complication of perforation injury and surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear. However, studies have shown that retina pigment epithelium(RPE)cells have the ability to secrete cytokines, and many growth factors are overexpressed in vitreous or subretinal fluid in PVR patients. These growth factors and their receptors play an important role in the occurrence and development of PVR. When the blood-retinal barrier is broken, the physiological balance of growth factors disappears, and RPE cells are stimulated by growth factors to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT), migration and proliferation, this leads to the formation of the preretinal membrane, which pulls on the retina and causes retinal detachment. In recent years, scholars have done a lot of researches on the signaling pathways, EMT process and cell proliferation involved in the formation of PVR with growth factors. This article will summarize the function of growth factors involved in the formation of PVR and the therapeutic effects of antagonistic growth factors in the development of PVR.

AIM: To explore the efficacy and safety of foldable capsular vitreous body(FCVB)in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and silicone oil dependent eyes.METHODS:A retrospective study. Totally 20 patients who were underwent FCVB implantation due to severe ocular trauma and silicone oil reliance conducted in our hospital from May 2018 to October 2019 were select as observation group, 10 previous severe eye trauma patients without FCVB implantation as control group. The visual acuity(VA), intraocular pressure(IOP), exophthalmos, eye axis length, retinal reattachment, and complications of preoperative and postoperative in observation group and control group were recorded. A 1a follow-up was carried out to compare the changes in the observation indicators of each group so as to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the FCVB.RESULTS: Before and 1a after operation, there were no statistically significant differences in VA, eyeball protrusion, and axial length of the observation group, but IOP was significantly increased. The preoperative eyeball protrusion and axial length of the control group were larger than those of the observation group, but they were smaller than those of the observation group during the 1a follow-up. The eyeball protrusion and axial length of the control group were also significantly reduced 1a after the operation compared with the preoperative baseline. Retinas were well attached, silicone oil emulsification, secondary glaucoma, endophthalmitis and any other severe adverse event were not even occurred in the observation group.CONCLUSION:FCVB could effectively and safely prevent eyeball atrophy in the treatment of severe eye trauma and silicone oil dependent eyes.

The role of daytime variation in the comprehensive pharmaceutical effects of commonly used opioid analgesics in clinical setting remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the differences in daytime variation among elective surgery patients who were scheduled to receive preemptive analgesia with equivalent doses of sufentanil, dezocine, and tramadol in the morning and afternoon. The analgesic effect was assessed by changes in the pressure pain threshold before and after intravenous administration of sufentanil, dezocine, and tramadol. Respiratory effects were evaluated using pulse oximetry, electrical impedance tomography, and arterial blood gas analysis. Other side effects, including nausea, sedation, and dizziness, were also recorded, and blood concentration was measured. The results showed that the analgesic effects of sufentanil, dezocine, and tramadol were significantly better in the morning than in afternoon. In the afternoon, sufentanil had a stronger sedative effect, whereas dezocine had a stronger inhibitory respiratory effect. The incidence of nausea was higher in the morning with tramadol. Additionally, significant differences in different side effects were observed among three opioids. Our results suggest that the clinical use of these three opioids necessitates the formulation of individualized treatment plans, accounting for different administration times, to achieve maximum analgesic effect with minimal side effects.

Based on cross-country data of major countries in the world from 2008 to 2020, this paper studies the impact mechanism of digital service imports on manufacturing upgrading. The research results show that: (1) digital service imports have a positive effect on manufacturing upgrading, and digital service imports promote manufacturing upgrading through two paths of action: improving the level of technological innovation and the level of Internet development; (2) from the results of the moderating effect, institutional quality plays a positive moderating role in the process of digital service imports acting on manufacturing upgrading; (3) from the heterogeneity test of countries, the results show that digital service imports have a more significant role in promoting manufacturing upgrading in developed countries; (4) from the analysis of the heterogeneity of segmented digital services, the promotion effect of imported ICT services, intellectual property use services, other business services and financial services on manufacturing upgrading is more significant. The findings of this paper provide important insights and policy recommendations for China and other countries in the world to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing with digital trade.

As an extremely important part of the RCEP agreement, rules of origin will encourage enterprises to make more use of raw materials and intermediate products in the region, and more easily reach the regional value components to enjoy the preferential tariff treatment of the RCEP. This paper first analyzes the possible impact of the RCEP rules of origin on China’s manufacturing industry, and then simulates the economic impact of the implementation of the RCEP agreement on China’s manufacturing industry through the Global Trade Analysis Model (GTAP). The simulation results show that: (1) China’s industries with obvious industrial advantages, such as textiles and clothing, will benefit from this, but the output of some industries, such as rubber and plastic products, chemical products and drugs, will be impacted to some extent. (2) From the perspective of the import and export scale of the segmented industries, after the entry into force of the RCEP, China’s imports from the member countries in the region have increased significantly in rubber and plastic products, mineral products, transportation equipment, etc., while the exports have increased significantly in food, beverage, tobacco products, textile, clothing, leather products.

Twisted a pair of stacked two-dimensional materials exhibit many exotic electronic and photonic properties, leading to the emergence of flat-band superconductivity, moiré engineering and topological polaritons. These remarkable discoveries make twistronics the focus point of tremendous interest, but mostly limited to the concept of electrons, phonons or photons. Here, we present twist piezoelectricity as a fascinating paradigm to modulate polarization and electromechanical coupling by twisting precisely the stacked lithium niobate slabs due to the interlayer coupling effect. Particularly, the inversed and twisted bilayer lithium niobate is constructed to overcome the intrinsic mutual limitation of single crystals and giant effective electromechanical coupling coefficient k t 2 is unveiled at magic angle of 11 1 ∘ , reaching 85.5%. Theoretical analysis based on mutual energy integrals shows well agreements with numerical and experimental results. Our work opens new venues to flexibly control multi-physics with magic angle, stimulating progress in wideband acoustic-electric, and acoustic-optic components, which has great potential in wireless communication, timing, sensing, and hybrid integrated photonics. Authors bond two layers of LiNbO3 as an acoustic resonator. With interlayer coupling of fields and modulation by twisted angle, a magic-angle effect is reported, as one mode exhibits huge electromechanical coupling while its twin-mode disappears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel salts of Keggin-type heteropolyacid on Zr(IV)-based metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66) has been synthesized via ion-exchange followed by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The synthesized catalysts underwent FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, powder XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. The NiHSiW/UiO-66 catalyst was used as a new and effective solid acid in the catalytic transfer free fatty acid to biodiesel with an optimum conversion of 86.7%. The excellent activity of the NiHSiW/UiO-66 nanocatalyst was closely related to its high specific surface area, nano-sized catalyst, and the synergistic effects of NiHSiW salts and UiO-66 matrix. Importantly, a relatively stable catalytic performance was achieved for 8 repeated cycles. Finally, kinetics of the esterification reaction have been assumed to be of pseudo first order.

Ganoderma lucidum is a white-rot fungus that produces a range of lignocellulolytic enzymes to decompose lignin and cellulose. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been implicated in xylanases and cellulases production. As the downstream transcription factor of Slt2-MAPK, the function of Swi6 in G. lucidum has not been fully studied. In this study, the transcription factor GlSwi6 in G. lucidum was characterized and shown to significantly positively regulate cellulases and xylanases production. Knockdown of the GlSwi6 gene decreased the activities of cellulases and xylanases by approximately 31%~38% and 54%~60% compared with those of the wild-type (WT) strain, respectively. Besides, GlSwi6 can be alternatively spliced into two isoforms, GlSwi6A and GlSwi6B, and overexpression of GlSwi6B increased the activities of cellulase and xylanase by approximately 50% and 60%, respectively. Further study indicates that the existence of GlSwi6B significantly increased the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+. Our study indicated that GlSwi6 promotes the activities of cellulase and xylanase by regulating the Ca2+ signaling. These results connected the GlSwi6 and Ca2+ signaling in the regulation of cellulose degradation, and provide an insight for further improvement of cellulase or xylanase activities in G. lucidum as well as other fungi.