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The aim of the archaeobotanical research of plant macro remains assemblage from the Early Neolithic settlement at Modlniczka in southern Poland is to study plants (fruit and seeds), cultivated and wild species used by the oldest farming groups during the early phase of occupation at the sites. The results were obtained from 62 samples from two archaeological sites, Modlniczka sites 3 and 4, likely forming one large settlement. Only charred plant remains were taken into account. Among cultivated plants, two species of hulled wheat, Triticum dicoccon and Triticum monococcum , and common barley Hordeum vulgare were documented. Among wild plants, several taxa were found, including Chenopodium t. album , Ch. polyspermum , Fallopia convolvulus , Bromus sp. Numerous seeds of Chenopodium t. album indicates that this plant could have been used as part of a diet. In addition, hazelnut ( Corylus avellana ) shells were found.

The article aims to examine the relationship between the use of longhouses and adjacent fenced areas at the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) settlement in Hostivice-Sadová. The analysis focuses on house no. 1 and 15 and the rectangular fenced areas defined mainly by single posts that were excavated next to their eastern walls. The study includes representative pottery assemblages from settlement features and construction pits dated to the two subsequent phases in the middle stage of LBK. Formation processes and the proportion of decoration style were analysed in combination with radiocarbon dating. The article also addresses whether fenced areas were later used as refuse disposal spaces. The results show that the fills of the features in the fenced areas were deposited later than the house unit assemblages were formed. In both cases, there is no significant evidence of using fenced areas later for waste disposal. Additionally, the social and economic aspects of these houses are discussed as the construction, length, fenced areas, and concentration of finds indicate their important social and economic role within the settlement.

The beginning of the 5th millennium calBC saw profound changes, with the disintegration of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) into smaller post-LBK cultural phenomena. The discussion about what brought about this shift is still ongoing, but it is clear that, although with regional variations, all aspects of society were affected, such as population density, house construction, pottery, flint distribution and other aspects. Violent events resulting in the deaths of numerous individuals also occurred. In this article, we seek to shed light on anthropomorphic figurines at the end of the LBK, which are similarly affected by changes: in the west, their use ceases, whilst in the east, especially in the Lengyel culture, the numbers of finds of these figurines increase dramatically. Lengyel figurines are, however, not just a simple continuation of LBK figurines. They show influences from the neighbouring Vinča culture, but also include traits that are reminiscent of the Starčevo culture several hundred years earlier, such as distorted body proportions and accentuated hips and buttocks, as well as typical and standardized breakage patterns. It seems that, in an attempt to cope, the post-LBK communities adopted different strategies: the west stopped using figurines, whereas the east hoped to manage the circumstances better with more figurines than ever before, thus returning to earlier practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to present the LBK sources recorded in the northern part of the site of Kruszyn 3, commune Wło-cławek. A special feature of the site is its location on the edge of the Kuyavia Lake District and the Płock Basin. The fo was intensively settled in the Early Neolithic, while the latter was anecumene. The complex of finds described in the articl consists of the remains of a house, outbuildings, a relatively numerous pottery assemblage and less numerous flints, stone tools, and animal bone remains. The entire site dates to phase II (Music-Note Phase) of the LBK in Kuyavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Verifying the chronology of Ukrainian Neolithic" examines the chronology of the Ukrainian Neolithic. The authors present AMS data from four sites to verify the validity of the chronologies for the Neolithic in Ukraine. They also discuss the role of the Linear Pottery culture and the Azov-Dnieper culture in the spread of agriculture and animal husbandry in Ukraine. The study shows that there are conflicting chronological scales and proposes a comprehensive re-dating and validation. The results have implications for the regional chronology of the Neolithic and emphasize the importance of cross-border collaboration in dating findings. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the article is to critically evaluate the existing approach toward the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) settlement space in terms of the character of the pits, their fill and pottery decoration style. It is traditionally and implicitly assumed that the pits in the vicinity of a house (so-called house unit) are of the same period of formation, filling, and demise, so their testimony is usually considered comparable. However, research into the formative processes of ceramic material from pits with a spatial association to the house no. 88 in Bylany near Kutná Hora (CZ) shows that individual features differ significantly in terms of structure, and each in its own way is taphonomically unique. At the same time, formative processes have a strong influence on our current perception of the decorative style of Neolithic pottery and its relative chronology. The house unit thus becomes an optimistic assumption in the case of multiphase settlements, which cannot be applied without a better understanding of archaeological sources.

Early Neolithic Settlement burials in Central Europe have long been treated as an irregularity and thus sparked discussions about perceptions of social deviancy. In recent years, the highly increased number of documented settlement burials suggests that they constituted an integral part of a more complex system of burial practices, which precludes a dichotomous division into ‘regular’ and ‘irregular’ burials. Based on the characteristics of a series of interments in the Central German settlement Niederröblingen, this study aims to determine the probabilities of individual agency within a framework of collective rules in the early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik culture.

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The Foothills of the Northern Carpathian region were an important part of the ecumene of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK), as witnessed by the repetitive pattern of settlement in such areas. Multiple sites associated with this archaeological culture can be found near the Raba basin in the region of Wieliczka and Bochnia, as well as in the Rzeszów Foothills. Among these, the complex of LBK sites in the Dunajec basin stands out, as most distant from settlement centres. The sites also represent a different settlement system than clusters uncovered in the upland areas: the sites are mostly located in the highest points in local topography and show a higher degree of centralisation. This study aims to include chronological data to the analysis of changes in this settlement system, with the use of a collection of radiocarbon data from the LBK sites in the foothills area of SE Poland. The general model of a probability distribution for the phenomenon was constructed and confronted with the data from individual sites from the Wiśnicz Foothills region. On this basis, a spatiotemporal simulation was performed, to illustrate changes in the settlement network changes over six centuries of the LBK activity. Additionally, regions threatened with higher erosion possibilities were identified, in which possible archaeological traces were not preserved. According to the known distribution of sites in space, these regions were populated with semi-randomly generated sites to perform a second simulation. While the available data allow only limited insight into the problem of settlement system changes over time, the approach used in the study seems to be relatively robust in visualising and identifying general patterns of this phenomenon. It provides an interesting exploratory method, allowing the formulation of further research questions concerning the changes in the LBK settlement system in the foothills area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cremation was one of the permissible burial practices in the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). This treatment has largely remained unexplained by previous research in Central Europe due to its descriptive nature. As a result, we present several thoughts on some key issues here. First, we discuss the current state of research in Central Europe, as well as some specifics with regard to the LPC and cremation. Second, we focus on two graveyards with exclusively or primarily cremation graves. Based on the current state of research, our goal is to evaluate the results obtained using a quantitative data analysis method, as well as an evaluation of the interpretation of cremation within the LPC population.

This article emphasises on the results of the master´s thesis “Burials in Bytes. A Quantitative Study of Linear Pottery Cemeteries in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia and Southern Germany” and further elaborates on interpretations of identified patterns at Early Neolithic cemeteries. The focus will lie on the Lower Bavarian site “Aiterhofen-Ödmühle.” Although the cemetery was subject to different analyses and interdisciplinary research in the past, there are still unsolved issues regarding chronology, structure, meaning of the local mortuary rites and rules, and its significance in the superregional context. The study utilised data acquisition via the Montelius image database and quantitative methods performed through the softwares WinSerion and Google Mapper. These data consisted of various typologies and classifications, while several variations of correspondence analysis, seriation, Analysis N Next Neighbours, and the creation of distribution maps have been involved in the process of evaluation. The results of the evaluations of Aiterhofen-Ödmühle favour a chronological south–north progression. Inhumations and cremations differ in grave good equipment, potentially representing contrasts in gender distribution. Spatial groupings are distinguishable through their properties – open to various ways of interpretation and comparable to clusters of other cemeteries. Differences regarding age and sex were also highlighted. Overall, Aiterhofen-Ödmühle stands out among Early Neolithic cemeteries through region-specific grave goods and death gesture, local peculiarities, variation of burial types, and its site structure. Similarities to other sites include characteristic Linear Pottery traits, although less obvious connections can also be recognised through the quantitative evaluations. Instead of rigid funerary rules, dynamic and flexible rites are suggested.

The paper describes archaeological excavations in the Bandkeramik settlement of Olteni in Transylvania. Remains of early Neolithic longhouses were discovered, which are the first evidence of such structures in Romania. The ceramic finds allow dating the site to the later Notenkopf phase of the Linearbandkeramik. In addition, Olteni yielded the most extensive collection of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic sculptures in the entire Eastern Bandkeramik milieu. The excavations also included traces of the Boian and Precucuteni I cultures, as well as an Iron Age cemetery. [Extracted from the article]

Human expansion in the course of the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia has been one of the major topics in ancient DNA research in the last 10 years. Multiple studies have shown that the spread of agriculture and animal husbandry from the Near East across Europe was accompanied by large-scale human expansions. Moreover, changes in subsistence and migration associated with the Neolithic transition have been hypothesized to involve genetic adaptation. Here, we present high quality genome-wide data from the Linear Pottery Culture site Derenburg-Meerenstieg II (DER) (N  = 32 individuals) in Central Germany. Population genetic analyses show that the DER individuals carried predominantly Anatolian Neolithic-like ancestry and a very limited degree of local hunter-gatherer admixture, similar to other early European farmers. Increasing the Linear Pottery culture cohort size to ∼100 individuals allowed us to perform various frequency- and haplotype-based analyses to investigate signatures of selection associated with changes following the adoption of the Neolithic lifestyle. In addition, we developed a new method called Admixture-informed Maximum-likelihood Estimation for Selection Scans that allowed us test for selection signatures in an admixture-aware fashion. Focusing on the intersection of results from these selection scans, we identified various loci associated with immune function (JAK1 , HLA-DQB1) and metabolism (LMF1, LEPR, SORBS1), as well as skin color (SLC24A5, CD82) and folate synthesis (MTHFR , NBPF3). Our findings shed light on the evolutionary pressures, such as infectious disease and changing diet, that were faced by the early farmers of Western Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermediate results of a grant project focusing on Neolithic settlement of South Bohemia are presented in the article. Magnetometer survey at the sites of Dehtáře a Radčice 1 revealed several hypothetical building complexes consisting of longhouses which are usually only identified as larger magnetic anomalies reflecting the presence of longitudinal construction pits. Although the ground plans are difficult to interpret, at least their orientation can be reconstructed. All so far known longhouses in the south of Bohemia seem to more or less respect a south-north orientation. One such construction pit belonging to a longhouse was completely excavated at the site of Dehtáře. An important find made in the first year of the project is without doubt the discovery of an LBK cremation grave at Protivín which is actually the earliest known burial in the south of Bohemia. A magnetometer survey in the immediate vicinity of the findspot shows a number of smaller anomalies which could potentially be other graves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The original objectives of the SGS/4/2020 project "Use of graphite in the northern part of the Moravian-Bohemian borderland in prehistory and the Middle Ages", carried out by the Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Silesian University in Opava, and the Archaeological Department of Regional Museum Litomyšl, were restricted by the epidemic. Regarding its prehistoric part, only geomagnetical measurements were carried at the Neolithic settlement of Nedošín 11 (geomagnetical map of an area of around 5,400 sqm in the south-western part of the site) and at the Staré Město - Bílá Studně [Old Town - lonely house White Well] site (negative outcome). A total of 21 ceramic samples from 6 sites were selected from the collections of RML for micro-petrographic analysis, of which 9 samples came from the Staré Město 1 site and 7 samples from the Hradec nad Svitavou site. These are two generally synchronous (middle phase of Linear Pottery Culture) monocultural settlements that have been examined through excavation in recent years. In particular, the analyses showed a significant technological difference between the samples of ceramics from both sites. The rock used in the temper is different, while in Hradec the temper is also very often rough-grained, in contrast to Staré Město, and burnt organic (plant) additives are found in it, still completely missing in Staré Město. They also showed that we need to distinguish between two groups of graphite ceramics in the region - ceramics with the unintentional addition of graphite (mere fragments of graphite rock in the temper), which prevail in Hradec, and real or actual graphite ceramics (fine graphite pigment in the matrix, lumps of graphite in the temper), which prevail in Staré Město; however, ceramics from both groups are present in both locations. Unfortunately, it is still not possible to conclusively identify the source of graphite raw material for Staré Město 1. The assumption that it is located at the foot of Dubina Hill was supported by the discovery of a hitherto unknown outcrop at a distance of only around 500 m from the settlement. The site in Hradec certainly did not use material from Dubina; based on dislocation on the right bank of the River Svitava, we can perhaps consider sources in the vicinity of Svojanov, although their exploitation in prehistory has not yet been documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Metabasites were absolutely prevalent raw materials for polished stone tools connected with the Linear Pottery culture (Linearbandkeramik, LBK) in Central Europe. Besides the key source of amphibole-rich metabasites in the Jizerské hory Mts. we already know a few other natural outcrops with their prehistoric using in the Bohemian Massif and some other can be supposed. In the article we have compared LBK polished tools from two different areas in the Czech Republic: the Bohemian-Moravian borderlands and Upper Odra river basin. In spite of natural occurrences of metabasites near the both areas, all studied polished tools have been made of the amphibole-rich metabasites from Jizerské hory Mts. It accentuates importance of the unique Neolithic mining field in the Jizerské hory Mts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territory is a complex notion whose definition varies depending on the discipline in which it is applied. Research on the notion of territory has often focused on the Palaeolithic. Studies in this field are mainly based on comparisons between archaeological assemblages and ethnographic data, an approach originating from the work of L.R. Binford, who introduced the concept of mobility, leading to various models of spatial occupation. How have researchers approached the notion of territory with regard to the first mixed farming populations of the Linear Pottery Culture in the Seine Basin and neighbouring regions? Can lithic industries contribute to our understanding of how these first sedentary populations perceived their territory? In this paper, we show that these first Neolithic communities likely obtained their siliceous materials via direct procurement strategies across a territory that they knew well and regularly frequented. In our study area, centred around the Rhine-Meuse region and the Seine Basin, two distinct litho-spaces are comprised of: 1) small numbers of minor territories with local resources, and 2) vast territories requiring greater mobility among the groups that occupied them. Furthermore, the procurement strategies of the occupants of the regions with few siliceous resources seem to have been based on long-distance relationships and networks. In this case, a high degree of mobility and ensuing social relations would have contributed to the attractivity of villages.

Several new Neolithic sites have been identified in South Bohemia since 2013. This paper presents recent results of prospection on a Neolithic site in the cadastral area of Protivín (Písek District) conducted between 2017 and 2020. An assemblage of 295 pottery and stone industry finds was recovered. Pottery decoration gives evidence of occupation by peoples of the Linear Pottery culture as well as of the subsequent Stroked Pottery culture; therefore, a long-term Neolithic occupation of the site and the microregion of the lower Blanice River is assumed. Raw materials for the manufacture of chipped stone industry are dominated by Ortenburg and Arnhofen Jurassic cherts from Bavarian outcrops. Polished stone industry was mostly made of Jizerské hory type metabasite. The site is discussed in the context of Neolithic occupation of South Bohemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented study studies the region of former Gemer (Gömör) represented by the Rimavská kotlina basin as a distinct geomorphological unit by means of exploitation of geospatial information (GIS) and their statistical evaluation. As a result, a model of settlement structures in selected prehistoric sequences (Neolithic and Eneolithic in our case) is presented. With regard to the state of research of prehistory, it evaluates only the sequences which are represented in the Rimavská kotlina basin by a certain number of exactly/relatively exactly localizable components, i.e. the Middle Neolithic (Linear Pottery culture and the Bükk culture), Middle, possibly also Late Eneolithic (Baden culture). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper explores to what extent orientations of houses can contribute to chronological questions and to the cultural and social contextualisation in the Neolithic of Europe in general and societies with pottery styles labeled as Vinča and LBK in particular. First of all, the question is investigated to what extent systematic errors in the orientation of houses can contribute to the clarification of intra-site chronologies in tells and flat settlements of Southeastern Europe, as just recently proved for Linear Pottery Culture settlements. These systematic, counterclockwise deviations represent a cognitive phenomenon known as 'Pseudoneglect', which can be used to reconstruct e.g. relative-chronological sequences of houses in archaeo-magnetic plans. Beyond such fine-scaled variability, at a regional level, basic orientations of houses prove to be surprisingly durable and stable indicating their normative character and high ideological significance. Within Southeast Europe, regional standardisations can be distinguished for example with the 'basic Balkan orientation' and the 'Upper Tisza orientation'. With regard to the relations between the Vinča and 'the LBK′ we would like to highlight two points: Remarkable is, on the one hand, the high diversity of house orientations in the presumed area of formation of 'the LBK'. Accordingly, human groups of different origins might have been involved in this formation process. On the other hand, it seems that not only human groups from the Balkan but also those from the upper Tisza region played a significant role in the formation and spread of the LBK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of archaeological study of one particular moment in time regionally determined as the middle Neolithic period in Drava river valley (northern Croatia). The main aim is reconsidering old periodical and chronological sequences in use for this period. Recent archaeological research carried out on several sites yielded new data about middle Neolithic settlement infrastructures and the remains of material culture. For the first time, remains of Linear Pottery culture (LBK) were recognized south of Transdanubia sheading new light on dispersal of this culture in its early phase. Combined with new interpretation of some old excavation results and new radiocarbon dates from recent excavations, transition from early Neolithic Starčevo culture to middle Neolithic Linear Pottery culture, emergence of Ražište style and its development under the early Vinča influence are outlined. Differences in pottery tempering, decoration and firing are discussed as well as the main types of vessels. New interpretation for 5450–4900 cal BC chronological sequence in this specific micro region is given. Results are compared with data from wider southwestern Carpathian region adding to newly developed discussion about Starčevo–LBK–Ražište–Vinča connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article includes the presentation and preliminary characterisation of the obsidian inventory obtained during the five research seasons (2014–2018) at the site in Podlesie, Staszów district, Świętokrzyskie voievodship. Currently, it is one of the largest collections of artefacts of this raw material related to the Linear Pottery culture (104 examples), and at the same time the first obtained from the Połaniec Basin mesoregion. In the light of the current state of research, it is also one of the few inventories of this culture (outside the Rzeszów settlement cluster), in which the share of obsidian exceeded 4%. Its homogeneous nature and large size, as well as the obtained radiocarbon dates, to a very significant extent supplement the current knowledge about the initial phase of the Neolithic obsidian influx into the Upper Vistula basin area, at the end of the 6th millennium BC.

In Lower Silesia, there can be distinguished two main early Neolithic settlement centres – the bigger one was located in the basin of the rivers Bystrzyca, Ślęza and Oława, and the smaller one – in the area of Głogów. The presence of single artefacts on the right bank of the Oder River was considered to be evidence of the marginal nature of the penetration of the northern borders of the compact fertile loess soils zone. It is worth paying attention to a virtually unpublished assemblage of artefacts from several sites located in the area of Boleścin village. Although these materials are only surface finds, their number and a very restricted distribution may suggest the existence in that place of a more permanent form of settlement than has previously been considered. The presented assemblage, except for a few examples, is extremely homogeneous and may be linked to the later (Šárka) phase of the Linear Pottery culture. The number of Linear Pottery culture sites in Lower Silesia suggests a dynamic development of the settlements during its middle phase (Musical Note phase). The thriving settlements, however, had been somewhat limited and dispersed during the late phase of the Linear Pottery culture. At that time, its population crossed the Oder River line, penetrating the areas situated on the right bank of the river in a more systematic way. Noticeable settlement crisis in the final stage of the Linear Pottery culture was probably related to sudden, although only local, climatic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the interdisciplinary training of students from the Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Science, Silesian University in Opava in August 2018, among other things, a probe archaeological excavation was conducted in the settlement of Linear Pottery culture at Staré Město near Moravská Třebová (loc. 1) and a survey of lithic raw material sources in the environs was carried out. Relatively close to the settlement (2.5 km as the crow flies), a small natural occurrence of graphite rocks was discovered east of the area of the agricultural company I. MTZ, Ltd. on the outskirts of Moravská Třebová. Graphite appears to be admixed in about a quarter of the ceramics from the Neolithic settlement and fragments of graphite rocks were found during its surface survey as well. Graphite pottery is known also from other localities in the cadastral area of Staré Město village (loc. 4) (the La Tène period) and from the Staré Město built-up area (the end of the 12th-13th century AD). The basis for our study of the issue in a broader context was represented by two stages of surface survey at the mentioned and other localities in the surroundings and petrographic analysis of 17 samples of graphite rocks and graphite ceramics from older and new findings from the region of Moravská Třebová. As the most important results of the analyses can be considered the indications for the (at least regional) distribution of graphite vessels in the period of Linear Pottery culture and for existence of probably only one pottery workshop supplying all the microregion of StaréMěsto and its surroundings at the turn of the Early and High Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented study is focused on the development of a new methodology for estimating the heating rate during firing as one of the principal characteristics of the firing process. We experimentally determined the limits of the heating dynamics (heating rate, cooling rate and soaking time) of the firing processes for two basic alternatives for pottery firing considered for the Early Neolithic in Central Europe—bonfires and single-chamber kilns—and analysed the thermal gradient within the walls of the fired pottery as the effect of these heating dynamics. Mineralogical transformations caused by the firing procedures were estimated by X-ray diffraction in order to apply the results of the experimental measurements in a study of archaeological ceramics. The difference between the maximum temperatures on the outer surfaces and in the cores of the vessel walls at the places where the pottery is exposed to the fastest heating and cooling rates appears to be a usable basis for distinguishing between the tested firing structures. XRD analysis has demonstrated that temperature differences measured and modelled experimentally can be traced to the products of these processes with sufficient reliability. The results of the experimental study were applied in the interpretation of the firing process employed in the manufacture of Early Neolithic pottery obtained from the Linear Pottery culture settlement in Bylany (Czech Republic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small scale excavations conducted in 2016 on the site of Nicolaevca V had as objective to substantiate the existing interpretation of the geophysical plan and to date the anomalies from the two areas of the site. By making three archaeological excavations of various sizes we found out that the anomalies in the northern part of the settlement relate to the Precucuteni-Tripolye A stage of the Cucuteni-Tripolye culture, while the anomalies in the southern part date back to the Neolithic and belong to the Linear Pottery Culture. On the early Copper Age settlement there were partially investigated a large underground complex (probably dugout) and a burnt surface dwelling. The investigation of the Linear Pottery culture settlement allowed us to obtain a complete section of a longhouse with its inner space and two afferent long pits.

The article includes the presentation and preliminary characterisation of the obsidian inventory obtained during the five research seasons (2014-2018) at the site in Podlesie, Staszów district, Świętokrzyskie voievodship. Currently, it is one of the largest collections of artefacts of this raw material related to the Linear Pottery culture (104 examples), and at the same time the first obtained from the Połaniec Basin mesoregion. In the light of the current state of research, it is also one of the few inventories of this culture (outside the Rzeszów settlement cluster), in which the share of obsidian exceeded 4%. Its homogeneous nature and large size, as well as the obtained radiocarbon dates, to a very significant extent supplement the current knowledge about the initial phase of the Neolithic obsidian influx into the Upper Vistula basin area, at the end of the 6th millennium BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on the deliberate orientation of longhouses observed within the wide area of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and succeeding cultures (post-LBK). Spatial analysis is based on the assemblage of 1546 buildings, whose purpose it was to attempt to cover the whole area of longhouse distribution. Despite variability, which considerably increased over time, the alignment of house entrances towards the south or south-east was observed. The widely accepted theory of house alignment towards the 'ancestral homeland' is therefore challenged by a new hypothesis, which sees orientation governed by the celestial path of the sun. Using 3D-modelling of light-and-shadow and solar impact, sun alignment is discussed as an integral element of the longhouse concept already present by the time of its genesis. The tendency of aligning longhouse entrances towards the east, which emerged during the LBK expansion westwards, is considered to be a regionally limited pattern, as no analogical shift was observed in the eastern areas of longhouse distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The site of Eythra, a former village located on the western bank of the White Elster River, has yielded numerous remains of a settlement that existed there during the early Neolithic cultures – the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and the Stroke Ornamented Pottery culture (SBK). The site covers some 30 hectares, making it the largest excavated settlement of the LBK and SBK areas to date. Chemical analyses of the ceramic fragments from the consecutive stylistic phases that were represented in Eythra were carried out. The objective of this was to find out whether the stylistic changes in the shape and the decoration of the ceramic material correspond to technological changes in regard to such aspects as clay composition and tempering. The transitions between the earliest and the early LBK phases and between LBK and SBK were of particular interest in this respect, as also were the localised developments that took place within the two phases of the LBK and SBK.

Excavations on the settlement site of the Linear Pottery Culture Prenzlau 95 (Brandenburg district) have revealed 8422 mammal remains. About 68 % of the identifiable specimens belong to domestic animals. Cattle are by far the most frequent species, followed by sheep/goat and pig. Data on age distribution and sex ratio suggest the exploitation of milk in cattle. Morphologically, the cattle represent large sized animals which were typical in Central Europe during the period of the Linear Pottery Culture. Species of game are quite numerous counting for 32 % of the identifiable mammal remains. Beside the frequent species wild boar and red deer, other species like roe deer, elk, aurochs, wild horse, lynx, fox, badger, pine marten and beaver could be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Archaeologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plant materials were frequently used as a temper as an important part of the process of making pottery. However, identification of the presence of tempering material and its taxonomic composition are still uncommon practices. This paper presents the results of a study of plant remains observed in pottery dated to the oldest Neolithic from south-eastern Poland, as a tool for detecting or confirming changes in the method of making the pottery. In previous studies, plant material was noticed sporadically in coarse ware and its identification was based on macroscopic plant morphology. On the other hand, remains of plants were not usually observed in the other finer ware types since their surfaces were frequently smoothed and decorated, while their sections were very thin. Therefore, in the present study, these groups of pottery have been studied in detail. A preliminary observation of surfaces and fresh sections of selected potsherds has shown that plant temper was neither evident nor abundant in them. However, with microscopy, small fragments of plant tissues and their imprints have been seen inside the clay. Their identification was not possible on the basis of plant morphology, but was carried out with the help of plant anatomy, especially by observing the microscopic features of plant epidermis. Previous archaeobotanical studies from the area indicated that the plants used as temper in coarse ware mostly included remnants of cereal chaff. Consequently, this paper will test this hypothesis in the case of the finer Neolithic ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The human and animal osteological material from the polycultural site Jevišovka - Nová is dated back to several historical periods (Linear pottery culture, Moravian painted pottery culture, Únětice culture, La Tène culture, Roman Age, Migration period). This study aims to describe bones or other hard tissues anatomically and taxonomically, and to observe potential pathologies, varieties and taphonomical changes. Due to a low quantity of anthropological finds in the osteological assemblage, this study is focused mainly on the evaluation of inhabitants' relationship to domesticated animals in terms of subsistence strategies, and on subsequent data comparison for each period. We documented both domestic and wild fauna; the occurrence and the function of animal species were analogous to other archaeological sites from Moravia in these particular historical periods. Despite the low amount of analysed human remains, on the basis of archaeozoological analysis we were able to extend the knowledge of the local population throughout several episodes of settlement on this site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As regards prehistoric settlement, the cadastral district of Blučina represents a territory which is important not only within the neighbourhood of Brno. The location of this area and its landscape configuration predestined it to be sought out from the Palaeolithic already, which is evidenced by lithic tools and bones of Pleistocene fauna. The best explored locality within the cadastral district is the tract of land “Cezavy”, where excavations have already been carried out from the turn between the 19th–20th centuries with the aim to localise the Bronze Age settlement. Among important discoveries also is the evidence of Neolithic funerary activities. In this paper, the authors focused on settlement in the cadastral district of Blučina at the time of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK). One of the main sources of study became the archaeological finds deposited in collections of the Moravian Museum. Since it is a very variegated assemblage of finds from diverse chronological periods and geographical segments of the landscape, this paper is mainly intended to give a basic overview of local LBK settlement. The relevant information was acquired by summarising the hitherto published information and by analysing the material of this collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praehistorica is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

U ožujku 2015. provedena su zaštitna istraživanja nalazišta AN 2 Donji Miholjac - Vrancari na trasi obilaznice grada Donjega Miholjca koje je smješteno jugozapadno od središta grada. Istraživanjima je potvrđeno postojanje naselja iz razdoblja neolitika koje je uočeno prilikom prethodno provedenoga terenskog pregleda. Vrlo su zanimljivi istraženi infrastrukturni objekti koji se mogu pripisati karakterističnom tipu tzv. duge kuće. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]