185,229 results on '"Lindsey, A."'
Search Results
2. Chronic School Absenteeism for Health-Related Reasons among Children Ages 5-17 Years: United States, 2022. NCHS Data Brief. No. 498
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National Center for Health Statistics (DHHS/PHS), Lindsey I. Black, and Nazik Elgaddal
- Abstract
Chronic school absenteeism can lead to poorer academic performance and school engagement for students. It is also a risk factor for school dropout, which is associated with many long-term health impacts. This report uses data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to describe the percentage of children ages 5-17 who experienced chronic school absenteeism due to illness, injury, or disability by sociodemographic and health factors.
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- 2024
3. Toward (Racial) Justice-In-The-Doing of Place-Based Community Engagement
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Tami L. Moore, Lindsey P. Abernathy, Gregory C. Robinson Ii, Marshan Marick, and Michael D. Stout
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Community and campus partners can benefit from place-based community engagement to enact a commitment to racial equity and community-driven decision-making. Racial equity is paramount in place-based community engagement. However, very little attention has been given to how whiteness in the ideological foundations of higher education shapes the work lives of professionals, faculty, and the collaborations they form to address community issues. Thus, the purpose of this case study is to foreground some paradoxes of whiteness-at-work (Yoon, 2012) in an informal place-based community engagement collaboration between the Center for Public Life at Oklahoma State University-Tulsa and members of the historic Greenwood community in Tulsa, Oklahoma. We take a reflexive stance (Ozias & Pasque, 2019), examining our own experience to explore how Yoon's (2012) concept of whiteness-at-work serves as a tool for advancing the racial equity agenda of place-based community engagement. We conclude that whiteness-at-work provides a useful lens through which to begin explicitly surfacing ways in which place-based community engagement can reify and perpetuate white hegemony. This approach also provides a starting point for racial "justice-in-the-doing," the internal, interpersonal, and institutional work to disrupt hegemonic whiteness" (Yoon, 2022), in place-based community engagement that may move us further toward garnering the racial equity to which we aspire.
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- 2024
4. Meaningful and Engaging Learning Experiences in Early Childhood Special Education Preparation Programs
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Andrea Laser, Serra Acar, Karen Brown, Katherine B. Green, Lindsey A. Chapman, Chelsea T. Morris, Lauren Hart Rollins, Annie George-Puskar, Monica Gonzalez, Alesia Mickle Moldavan, Kathy R. Doody, Katrina Fulcher-Rood, Pamela Schuetze, Kaitlin Jackson, Bradley Mills, Lindsay R. Dennis, Tai Cole, Kelly Farquharson, and Marisa Macy
- Abstract
The personnel preparation of early intervention/early childhood special educator (EI/ECSE) candidates is a pivotal stage in supporting the development of professionals who can effectively work with young children with and at-risk of developmental disabilities, their families, and other service providers. This process encompasses a multifaceted approach to equip candidates with knowledge, skills, and attitudes/dispositions to successfully work within the field. This compilation article includes multiple authors of each section who share strategies, assignments, tools, and experiences to center the Initial Practice-Based Standards for Early Interventionists/Early Childhood Special Educators (Division for Early Childhood [DEC] of the Council for Exceptional Children [CEC], 2020; hereafter referred to as the EI/ECSE Standards) and DEC's Recommended Practices (RPs). These strategies are shared through a "spiraling curriculum" framework, and progress from an awareness level to reflection of candidates' own practice. In addition, this article shares related resources to consider in planning for innovative coursework and practicum/student teaching opportunities. Specific examples of spiraling experiences to deepen learning through opportunities to introduce content aligned to RPs and EI/ECSE Standards are included.
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- 2024
5. Understanding the Process of Changes in Science Beliefs and Classroom Practices from Immersive Research Experience for Science Teachers
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Lindsey Hubbard, Katy May, Stella Jackman-Ryan, and Margareta M. Thomson
- Abstract
This study explored 8 high school science teachers' experiences in an 8-week immersive research laboratory professional development program. The aim was to understand their motivation for participating and what factors influenced changes in beliefs about science instructions. Mentor scientists and their lab members hosted teachers for the duration of the program allowing teacher participants to become active members of research. Results showed that participants used three major lenses to understand their research experience: "self as educator," "self as learner," "self as researcher." The use of overlapping lenses provided participants with the impetus to change beliefs about science and research practices in their classrooms. Ample time and collaboration in professional development is critical to changes in beliefs about science instruction.
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- 2024
6. What Brought Us Together to Form a Community for Scholarship
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Carolyn J. Loveridge, Frances Docherty, Sarah Honeychurch, Nathalie Tasler, Linnea Soler, Lindsey Pope, Victoria E. Price, and Beth Dickson
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We are a group of teaching-focused academics who share a passion for learning, teaching and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) in Higher Education (HE). In order to understand how practitioners from a diversity of backgrounds and disciplines came to be in their present LTS (Learning, Teaching & Scholarship) academic roles, we embarked on a Collaborative Autoethnography (CAE). This approach allowed us to use our personal narratives to explore what it means to be a SoTL practitioner in HE, and to analyse these narratives by using textual analysis. This paper unpacks these narratives, focusing on three themes: our rich and diverse backgrounds, influences on our routes to our current academic roles, and how we are loud and proud to be on a teaching-focused career path. It will be of interest to academics who are on, or contemplating, a teaching focused contract. It will also be of relevance to senior staff in HE who wish to understand the nature of these roles, and who wish to consider how to provide appropriate institutional structures to support and nurture these staff.
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- 2024
7. Investigating Expert-in-the-Loop LLM Discourse Patterns for Ancient Intertextual Analysis
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Umphrey, Ray, Roberts, Jesse, and Roberts, Lindsey
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
This study explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) for identifying and examining intertextual relationships within biblical, Koine Greek texts. By evaluating the performance of LLMs on various intertextuality scenarios the study demonstrates that these models can detect direct quotations, allusions, and echoes between texts. The LLM's ability to generate novel intertextual observations and connections highlights its potential to uncover new insights. However, the model also struggles with long query passages and the inclusion of false intertextual dependences, emphasizing the importance of expert evaluation. The expert-in-the-loop methodology presented offers a scalable approach for intertextual research into the complex web of intertextuality within and beyond the biblical corpus.
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- 2024
8. Investigating the effect of Mental Models in User Interaction with an Adaptive Dialog Agent
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Vanderlyn, Lindsey, Väth, Dirk, and Vu, Ngoc Thang
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Mental models play an important role in whether user interaction with intelligent systems, such as dialog systems is successful or not. Adaptive dialog systems present the opportunity to align a dialog agent's behavior with heterogeneous user expectations. However, there has been little research into what mental models users form when interacting with a task-oriented dialog system, how these models affect users' interactions, or what role system adaptation can play in this process, making it challenging to avoid damage to human-AI partnership. In this work, we collect a new publicly available dataset for exploring user mental models about information seeking dialog systems. We demonstrate that users have a variety of conflicting mental models about such systems, the validity of which directly impacts the success of their interactions and perceived usability of system. Furthermore, we show that adapting a dialog agent's behavior to better align with users' mental models, even when done implicitly, can improve perceived usability, dialog efficiency, and success. To this end, we argue that implicit adaptation can be a valid strategy for task-oriented dialog systems, so long as developers first have a solid understanding of users' mental models., Comment: submitted to COLING 2025
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- 2024
9. EFT Workshop at Notre Dame
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Smith, Nick, Spitzbart, Daniel, Dickinson, Jennet, Wilson, Jon, Gray, Lindsey, Mohrman, Kelci, Bhattacharya, Saptaparna, Piccinelli, Andrea, Roy, Titas, Paspalaki, Garyfallia, Fontes, Duarte, Martin, Adam, Shepherd, William, Cruz, Sergio Sánchez, Goncalves, Dorival, Gritsan, Andrei, Prosper, Harrison, Junk, Tom, Cranmer, Kyle, Peskin, Michael, Gilbert, Andrew, Langford, Jonathon, Petriello, Frank, Mantani, Luca, Wightman, Andrew, Knight, Charlotte, Shyamsundar, Prasanth, Basnet, Aashwin, Boldrini, Giacomo, and Lannon, Kevin
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The LPC EFT workshop was held April 25-26, 2024 at the University of Notre Dame. The workshop was organized into five thematic sessions: "how far beyond linear" discusses issues of truncation and validity in interpretation of results with an eye towards practicality; "reconstruction-level results" visits the question of how best to design analyses directly targeting inference of EFT parameters; "logistics of combining likelihoods" addresses the challenges of bringing a diverse array of measurements into a cohesive whole; "unfolded results" tackles the question of designing fiducial measurements for later use in EFT interpretations, and the benefits and limitations of unfolding; and "building a sample library" addresses how best to generate simulation samples for use in data analysis. This document serves as a summary of presentations, subsequent discussions, and actionable items identified over the course of the workshop.
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- 2024
10. Measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with the first six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA
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KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alhebsi, A. R., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androutsou, E., Aphecetche, L., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Atmani, H., Aublin, J., Badaracco, F., Bailly-Salins, L., Bardačová, Z., Baret, B., Bariego-Quintana, A., Becherini, Y., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Benhassi, M., Bennani, M., Benoit, D. M., Berbee, E., Bertin, V., Beyer, C., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Bonanno, D., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bozza, R. M., Brânzaş, H., Bretaudeau, F., Breuhaus, M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carenini, F., Carretero, V., Cartraud, T., Castaldi, P., Cecchini, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Chadolias, M., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Condorelli, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., Darras, Y., De Benedittis, A., De Martino, B., De Wasseige, G., Decoene, V., Del Rosso, I., Di Mauro, L. S., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Ducoin, J. -G., Dvornický, R., Eberl, T., Eckerová, E., Eddymaoui, A., van Eeden, T., Eff, M., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Ellajosyula, V., Enzenhöfer, A., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Franciotti, D., Fusco, L. A., Gagliardini, S., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Genton, E., Ghaddari, H., Gialanella, L., Gibson, B. K., Giorgio, E., Goos, I., Goswami, P., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haack, C., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., Joly, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kistauri, G., Kopper, C., Kouchner, A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kueviakoe, V., Kulikovskiy, V., Kvatadze, R., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Lemaítre, V., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Clark, M. Lindsey, Longhitano, F., Magnani, F., Majumdar, J., Malerba, L., Mamedov, F., Mańczak, J., Manfreda, A., Marconi, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastroianni, S., Mauro, J., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mitsou, M. L., Mollo, C. M., Morales-Gallegos, L., Moretti, G., Moussa, A., Mateo, I. Mozun, Muller, R., Musone, M. R., Musumeci, M., Napoli, P., Navas, S., Nayerhoda, A., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Oliviero, V., Orlando, A., Oukacha, E., Paesani, D., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Parisi, V., Gomez, E. J. Pastor, Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pelegris, I., Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Pestes, R., Piattelli, P., Plavin, A., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Prado, J., Pulvirenti, S., Quiroz-Rangel, C. A., Rahaman, U., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Rea, I. C., Real, D., Riccobene, G., Robinson, J., Romanov, A., Ros, E., Šaina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanfilippo, S., Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sennan, N., Setter, B., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Shitov, Y., Šimkovic, F., Simonelli, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Štekl, I., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Thoudam, S., de la Torre, P., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tragia, E., Trocmé, B., Tsourapis, V., Tudorache, A., Tzamariudaki, E., Ukleja, A., Vacheret, A., Valsecchi, V., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., de Sola, F. Vazquez, Veutro, A., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., van Vliet, A., Warnhofer, H., Weissbrod, S., de Wolf, E., Yvon, I., Zarpapis, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
KM3NeT/ORCA is a water Cherenkov neutrino detector under construction and anchored at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The detector is designed to study oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos and determine the neutrino mass ordering. This paper focuses on an initial configuration of ORCA, referred to as ORCA6, which comprises six out of the foreseen 115 detection units of photo-sensors. A high-purity neutrino sample was extracted, corresponding to an exposure of 433 kton-years. The sample of 5828 neutrino candidates is analysed following a binned log-likelihood method in the reconstructed energy and cosine of the zenith angle. The atmospheric oscillation parameters are measured to be $\sin^2\theta_{23}= 0.51^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$, and $ \Delta m^2_{31} = 2.14^{+0.25}_{-0.35}\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV^2} \cup \{-2.25,-1.76\}\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV^2}$ at 68\% CL. The inverted neutrino mass ordering hypothesis is disfavoured with a p-value of 0.25., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures
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- 2024
11. Lessons from Hubble and Spitzer: 1D Self-Consistent Model Grids for 19 Hot Jupiter Emission Spectra
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Wiser, Lindsey S., Line, Michael R., Welbanks, Luis, Mansfield, Megan, Parmentier, Vivien, Bean, Jacob L., and Fortney, Jonathan J.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We present a population-level analysis of the dayside thermal emission spectra of 19 planets observed with Hubble WFC3 and Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 microns, spanning equilibrium temperatures 1200-2700 K and 0.7-10.5 Jupiter masses. We use grids of planet-specific 1D, cloud-free, radiative-convective-thermochemical equilibrium models (1D-RCTE) combined with a Bayesian inference framework to estimate atmospheric metallicity, the carbon-to-oxygen ratio, and day-to-night heat redistribution. In general, we find that the secondary eclipse data cannot reject the physics encapsulated within the 1D-RCTE assumption parameterized with these three variables. We find a large degree of scatter in atmospheric metallicities, with no apparent trend, and carbon-to-oxygen ratios that are mainly consistent with solar or subsolar values but do not exhibit population agreement. Together, these indicate either (1) formation pathways vary over the hot and ultra-hot Jupiter population and/or (2) more accurate composition measurements are needed to identify trends. We also find a broad scatter in derived dayside temperatures that do not demonstrate a trend with equilibrium temperature. Like with composition estimates, this suggests either significant variability in climate drivers over the population and/or more precise dayside temperature measurements are needed to identify a trend. We anticipate that 1D-RCTE models will continue to provide valuable insights into the nature of exoplanet atmospheres in the era of JWST., Comment: Published in The Astrophysical Journal
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- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Speech vs. Transcript: Does It Matter for Human Annotators in Speech Summarization?
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Sharma, Roshan, Shon, Suwon, Lindsey, Mark, Dhamyal, Hira, Singh, Rita, and Raj, Bhiksha
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Sound ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing - Abstract
Reference summaries for abstractive speech summarization require human annotation, which can be performed by listening to an audio recording or by reading textual transcripts of the recording. In this paper, we examine whether summaries based on annotators listening to the recordings differ from those based on annotators reading transcripts. Using existing intrinsic evaluation based on human evaluation, automatic metrics, LLM-based evaluation, and a retrieval-based reference-free method. We find that summaries are indeed different based on the source modality, and that speech-based summaries are more factually consistent and information-selective than transcript-based summaries. Meanwhile, transcript-based summaries are impacted by recognition errors in the source, and expert-written summaries are more informative and reliable. We make all the collected data and analysis code public(https://github.com/cmu-mlsp/interview_humanssum) to facilitate the reproduction of our work and advance research in this area., Comment: Accepted to ACL 2024 Main Conference
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- 2024
13. Supporting the Digital Autonomy of Elders Through LLM Assistance
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Roberts, Jesse, Roberts, Lindsey, and Reed, Alice
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
The internet offers tremendous access to services, social connections, and needed products. However, to those without sufficient experience, engaging with businesses and friends across the internet can be daunting due to the ever present danger of scammers and thieves, to say nothing of the myriad of potential computer viruses. Like a forest rich with both edible and poisonous plants, those familiar with the norms inhabit it safely with ease while newcomers need a guide. However, reliance on a human digital guide can be taxing and often impractical. We propose and pilot a simple but unexplored idea: could an LLM provide the necessary support to help the elderly who are separated by the digital divide safely achieve digital autonomy?
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- 2024
14. BraTS-PEDs: Results of the Multi-Consortium International Pediatric Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2023
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Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Khalili, Nastaran, Liu, Xinyang, Haldar, Debanjan, Jiang, Zhifan, Zapaishchykova, Anna, Pavaine, Julija, Shah, Lubdha M., Jones, Blaise V., Sheth, Nakul, Prabhu, Sanjay P., McAllister, Aaron S., Tu, Wenxin, Nandolia, Khanak K., Rodriguez, Andres F., Shaikh, Ibraheem Salman, Montano, Mariana Sanchez, Lai, Hollie Anne, Adewole, Maruf, Albrecht, Jake, Anazodo, Udunna, Anderson, Hannah, Anwar, Syed Muhammed, Aristizabal, Alejandro, Bagheri, Sina, Baid, Ujjwal, Bergquist, Timothy, Borja, Austin J., Calabrese, Evan, Chung, Verena, Conte, Gian-Marco, Eddy, James, Ezhov, Ivan, Familiar, Ariana M., Farahani, Keyvan, Gandhi, Deep, Gottipati, Anurag, Haldar, Shuvanjan, Iglesias, Juan Eugenio, Janas, Anastasia, Elaine, Elaine, Karargyris, Alexandros, Kassem, Hasan, Khalili, Neda, Kofler, Florian, LaBella, Dominic, Van Leemput, Koen, Li, Hongwei B., Maleki, Nazanin, Meier, Zeke, Menze, Bjoern, Moawad, Ahmed W., Pati, Sarthak, Piraud, Marie, Poussaint, Tina, Reitman, Zachary J., Rudie, Jeffrey D., Saluja, Rachit, Sheller, MIcah, Shinohara, Russell Takeshi, Viswanathan, Karthik, Wang, Chunhao, Wiestler, Benedikt, Wiggins, Walter F., Davatzikos, Christos, Storm, Phillip B., Bornhorst, Miriam, Packer, Roger, Hummel, Trent, de Blank, Peter, Hoffman, Lindsey, Aboian, Mariam, Nabavizadeh, Ali, Ware, Jeffrey B., Kann, Benjamin H., Rood, Brian, Resnick, Adam, Bakas, Spyridon, Vossough, Arastoo, and Linguraru, Marius George
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade glioma in children is less than 20%. The development of new treatments is dependent upon multi-institutional collaborative clinical trials requiring reproducible and accurate centralized response assessment. We present the results of the BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge, the first Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge focused on pediatric brain tumors. This challenge utilized data acquired from multiple international consortia dedicated to pediatric neuro-oncology and clinical trials. BraTS-PEDs 2023 aimed to evaluate volumetric segmentation algorithms for pediatric brain gliomas from magnetic resonance imaging using standardized quantitative performance evaluation metrics employed across the BraTS 2023 challenges. The top-performing AI approaches for pediatric tumor analysis included ensembles of nnU-Net and Swin UNETR, Auto3DSeg, or nnU-Net with a self-supervised framework. The BraTSPEDs 2023 challenge fostered collaboration between clinicians (neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists) and AI/imaging scientists, promoting faster data sharing and the development of automated volumetric analysis techniques. These advancements could significantly benefit clinical trials and improve the care of children with brain tumors.
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- 2024
15. Toward Verified Library-Level Choreographic Programming with Algebraic Effects
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Shen, Gan and Kuper, Lindsey
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Computer Science - Programming Languages - Abstract
Choreographic programming (CP) is a paradigm for programming distributed applications as single, unified programs, called choreographies, that are then compiled to node-local programs via endpoint projection (EPP). Recently, library-level CP frameworks have emerged, in which choreographies and EPP are expressed as constructs in an existing host language. So far, however, library-level CP lacks a solid theoretical foundation. In this paper, we propose modeling library-level CP using algebraic effects, an abstraction that generalizes the approach taken by existing CP libraries. Algebraic effects let us define choreographies as computations with user-defined effects and EPP as location-specific effect handlers. Algebraic effects also lend themselves to reasoning about correctness properties, such as soundness and completeness of EPP. We present a prototype of a library-level CP framework based on algebraic effects, implemented in the Agda proof assistant, and discuss our ongoing work on leveraging the algebraic-effects-based approach to prove the correctness of our library-level CP implementation., Comment: Talk proposal for Choreographic Programming 2024
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- 2024
16. Fast and spectrally accurate construction of adaptive diagonal basis sets for electronic structure
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Lindsey, Michael and Sharma, Sandeep
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Physics - Computational Physics ,Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
In this article, we combine the periodic sinc basis set with a curvilinear coordinate system for electronic structure calculations. This extension allows for variable resolution across the computational domain, with higher resolution close to the nuclei and lower resolution in the inter-atomic regions. We address two key challenges that arise while using basis sets obtained by such a coordinate transformation. First, we use pseudospectral methods to evaluate the integrals needed to construct the Hamiltonian in this basis. Second, we demonstrate how to construct an appropriate coordinate transformation by solving the Monge-Amp\`ere equation using a new approach that we call the cyclic Knothe-Rosenblatt flow. The solution of both of these challenges enables mean-field calculations at a cost that is log-linear in the number of basis functions. We demonstrate that our method approaches the complete basis set limit faster than basis sets with uniform resolution. We also emphasize how these basis sets satisfy the diagonal approximation, which is shown to be a consequence of the pseudospectral method. The diagonal approximation is highly desirable for the solution of the electronic structure problem in many frameworks, including mean field theories, tensor network methods, quantum computing, and quantum Monte Carlo.
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- 2024
17. Gaussian process regression with log-linear scaling for common non-stationary kernels
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Kielstra, P. Michael and Lindsey, Michael
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Statistics - Computation - Abstract
We introduce a fast algorithm for Gaussian process regression in low dimensions, applicable to a widely-used family of non-stationary kernels. The non-stationarity of these kernels is induced by arbitrary spatially-varying vertical and horizontal scales. In particular, any stationary kernel can be accommodated as a special case, and we focus especially on the generalization of the standard Mat\'ern kernel. Our subroutine for kernel matrix-vector multiplications scales almost optimally as $O(N\log N)$, where $N$ is the number of regression points. Like the recently developed equispaced Fourier Gaussian process (EFGP) methodology, which is applicable only to stationary kernels, our approach exploits non-uniform fast Fourier transforms (NUFFTs). We offer a complete analysis controlling the approximation error of our method, and we validate the method's practical performance with numerical experiments. In particular we demonstrate improved scalability compared to to state-of-the-art rank-structured approaches in spatial dimension $d>1$.
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- 2024
18. Column and row subset selection using nuclear scores: algorithms and theory for Nystr\'{o}m approximation, CUR decomposition, and graph Laplacian reduction
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Fornace, Mark and Lindsey, Michael
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Statistics - Machine Learning ,65F55 (Primary) 65F50, 65F10, 60J28 (Secondary) - Abstract
Column selection is an essential tool for structure-preserving low-rank approximation, with wide-ranging applications across many fields, such as data science, machine learning, and theoretical chemistry. In this work, we develop unified methodologies for fast, efficient, and theoretically guaranteed column selection. First we derive and implement a sparsity-exploiting deterministic algorithm applicable to tasks including kernel approximation and CUR decomposition. Next, we develop a matrix-free formalism relying on a randomization scheme satisfying guaranteed concentration bounds, applying this construction both to CUR decomposition and to the approximation of matrix functions of graph Laplacians. Importantly, the randomization is only relevant for the computation of the scores that we use for column selection, not the selection itself given these scores. For both deterministic and matrix-free algorithms, we bound the performance favorably relative to the expected performance of determinantal point process (DPP) sampling and, in select scenarios, that of exactly optimal subset selection. The general case requires new analysis of the DPP expectation. Finally, we demonstrate strong real-world performance of our algorithms on a diverse set of example approximation tasks.
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- 2024
19. 'One of the Weakest Budget Players in the State': State Funding of Higher Education at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Denisa Gándara, Meredith S. Billings, Paul G. Rubin, and Lindsey Hammond
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Prior studies have documented the pattern of decreased state funding for higher education in periods of economic contraction (i.e., the balance wheel phenomenon). This qualitative case study examines how policymakers in California and Texas made decisions about funding higher education at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, when policymakers faced an economic downturn. Data comprise 28 interviews with key state actors and 69 documents. The analysis expands prior understandings of how state policymakers make budgeting decisions that affect higher education by exploring how they perceive certain target populations as deserving or undeserving of state support. The study also sheds light on the tenuous relationship between policymakers' views of higher education and their funding decisions.
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- 2024
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20. Demystifying Tele-Counseling: Meeting Student Needs through Ethical Decision-Making and Collaborative Consultation
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Mia Kim Williams, Robert Paul Maddox, Tiffany Hunt, Alexandra Frank, James Rujimora, Lindsey Nichols, and Heather Summers
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Digital technology has been an integral part of transforming educational resources for students in recent decades, however, the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic has focused education on infusion of digital technologies throughout programs to better meet students' needs. School districts have benefited from the American Rescue Plan Act funding and the surge of new or re-envisioned resources and tools launched in the aftermath of the pandemic's influence on school environments. Through this phenomenon, new opportunities have become particularly accessible to students with disabilities, and educators are in a new position to collaboratively consult to ensure resource availability. This paper discusses implications of the progressing landscape of technology in schools for providing mental health services. Using a fictional district-wide memo it illustrates how collaborative consultation can guide practitioners to use ethical considerations and ideal practices in technology integration and collaboration to meet the needs of students with disabilities.
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- 2024
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21. The Developmental Consequences of Early Exposure to Climate Change-Related Risks
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Jorge Cuartas, Dana C. McCoy, Isabella Torres, Lindsey Burghardt, Jack P. Shonkoff, and Hirokazu Yoshikawa
- Abstract
The climate crisis encompasses a constellation of risks that threaten human livelihoods, well-being, and survival globally. In this article, we present a new framework based on bioecological and dynamic systems perspectives, and on evidence for conceptualizing how the distinctive dual time frame of both acute (e.g., extreme weather events) and chronic (e.g., ecological degradation) climate change-related risks experienced prenatally and early in life across multiple ecological contexts can threaten human development. We conclude with a call to developmental researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to invest more efforts in understanding and addressing the climate crisis and its developmental consequences to ensure a sustainable future for all.
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- 2024
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22. Scene Construction Ability in Neurotypical and Autistic Adults
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Marchella Smith, Lindsey Cameron, and Heather J. Ferguson
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People with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties mentally simulating events, perhaps due to a difficulty mentally generating and maintaining a coherent spatial scene -- that is, 'scene construction'. The current study compared scene construction ability between autistic adults (N = 55) and age-, gender- and Intelligence Quotient-matched neurotypical adults (N = 63), using a task in which participants were asked to vividly imagine and describe fictitious scenes. Results showed that scene construction was diminished in autistic compared to neurotypical participants and was negatively associated with autistic traits. ASC diagnosis did not influence the frequency of self-reference or sensory experiences, which followed the same pattern in both groups: sight was referenced more than sound, sound was referenced more than both touch and smell, which were both referenced more than taste. Exploratory analysis of some of the cognitive predictors revealed that scene construction ability was associated with individual differences in Theory of Mind and alexithymia.
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- 2024
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23. Visual-Motor Integration Deficits in 3q29 Deletion Syndrome
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Rebecca M. Pollak, T. Lindsey Burrell, Joseph F. Cubells, Cheryl Klaiman, Melissa M. Murphy, Celine A. Saulnier, Elaine F. Walker, Stormi Pulver White, and Jennifer G. Mulle
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3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We previously reported that graphomotor weakness is present in up to 78% of individuals with 3q29del. We have now explored nuances of the graphomotor phenotype and its association with other comorbidities in this population. Participants were recruited from the online 3q29 registry (3q29deletion.org) for two days of deep phenotyping. 32 individuals with 3q29del (62.5% male) were evaluated with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) to assess visual-motor integration. Participants were also evaluated with measures of cognitive ability, executive function, adaptive behavior, and school function. Males with 3q29del performed significantly worse than females on the VMI and Motor Coordination subtest. VMI performance was significantly associated with ADHD diagnosis and cognitive ability. Compared to published data from individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, individuals with 3q29del showed significantly more impairment. The 3q29 deletion is associated with substantial deficits in visual-motor integration, Visual Perception, and Motor Coordination. Our data suggests that 3q29del may qualify as a nonverbal learning disability. Future studies should assess whether individuals with 3q29del would benefit from early interventions, including occupational therapy.
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- 2024
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24. Pandemic Impacts on Communication and Social Well-Being: Considerations for Individuals Who Are D/HH
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Carla Wood, Kristen Guynes, Victor Lugo, Lindsey Baker, and Selena Snowden
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions (e.g., face mask wearing and social distancing) on individuals who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (D/HH). The study aimed to describe perceptions of challenges and valued resources to inform efforts to mitigate negative consequences of the pandemic. A survey was used to solicit information about the pandemic-related experiences of 108 individuals who are D/HH and/or parents or service providers of children who are D/HH. Questions elicited perceptions of pandemic related challenges, resources, and supports. Results demonstrated high percentages of respondents reported experiencing substantial impacts of face mask wearing on communication. Additionally, respondents reported negative consequences of social distancing on the way they connected with others. Findings point to the need for increased awareness of risks for impacts on communication and social well-being and consideration of additional supports.
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- 2024
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25. Trauma-Informed Schools: Implications for Special Education and School Counseling
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Robert Paul Maddox II, James Rujimora, Lindsey M. Nichols, Mia Kim Williams, Tiffany Hunt, and Richard Allen Carter
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In this manuscript a review of the prevalence of trauma among students in the United States and its impact on child development and the educational environment is conducted. Case vignettes are used to highlight the impact of trauma present in schools and a framework for implementing trauma-informed care (TIC) in special education is explored. The Missouri Model for Trauma Informed Schools, an existing trauma-informed schools model, is used as a guide throughout the manuscript to highlight principles of TIC and explore the collaborative partnerships needed for TIC, particularly those between special education teachers and school counselors. Finally, indicators for TIC and resources for school personnel are provided.
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- 2024
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26. Social Media as a Mechanism of Dissemination and Knowledge Translation among Health Professions Educators: A Scoping Review
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Catherine M. Giroux, Sungha Kim, Lindsey Sikora, André Bussières, and Aliki Thomas
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Health professions educators often use social media to share knowledge; however, it is unclear what specific dissemination and knowledge translation (KT) processes are occurring and the implications of this sharing for health professions education (HPE). This study explored how educators have used social media as a mechanism of dissemination and KT in the literature. A critical scoping review methodology, informed by Engeström's Activity Theory, was employed. Twelve databases were searched and studies that: (a) addressed health professions educators; (b) described the use of social media for dissemination or KT; (c) focused on a regulated health profession; (d) focused on undergraduate or graduate education; and (e) were published in English or French between 2011 and 2021 were included. Data were analyzed using numerical and qualitative content analyses. Of the 4859 articles screened, 37 were eligible for inclusion. Social media may facilitate knowledge sharing in HPE, but there is a lack of conceptual clarity on what is meant by 'dissemination' and 'KT'. Who is responsible for sharing knowledge, what knowledge is being shared, and the target audiences are not always clear. Multiple factors (e.g., affordances, opportunity costs) influence how social media is used as a mechanism of dissemination, and it remains unclear whether and how it is used as a mechanism of KT. Concepts like KT and dissemination, which are often borrowed from other disciplines, must be critically evaluated for their relevance and suitability if they are to be appropriately applied to HPE and in particular to social media. Educators looking to use social media to teach students about KT should consider whether this use of technology truly aligns with their stated learning outcomes.
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- 2024
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27. Protein Dose-Sparing Effect of AS01B Adjuvant in a Randomized Preventive HIV Vaccine Trial of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and Adjuvanted Bivalent Subtype C gp120.
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Chirenje, Zvavahera, Laher, Fatima, Dintwe, One, Muyoyeta, Monde, deCamp, Allan, He, Zonglin, Grunenberg, Nicole, Laher Omar, Faatima, Seaton, Kelly, Polakowski, Laura, Woodward Davis, Amanda, Maganga, Lucas, Baden, Lindsey, Mayer, Kenneth, Kalams, Spyros, Keefer, Michael, Edupuganti, Srilatha, Rodriguez, Benigno, Frank, Ian, Scott, Hyman, Stranix-Chibanda, Lynda, Gurunathan, Sanjay, Koutsoukos, Marguerite, Van Der Meeren, Olivier, DiazGranados, Carlos, Paez, Carmen, Andersen-Nissen, Erica, Kublin, James, Corey, Lawrence, Ferrari, Guido, Tomaras, Georgia, and McElrath, M
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HIV ,adjuvant ,dose ,vaccine ,Humans ,Female ,Adjuvants ,Immunologic ,AIDS Vaccines ,Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,HIV Infections ,HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ,Adolescent ,Double-Blind Method ,HIV Antibodies ,Squalene ,Polysorbates ,HIV-1 ,Viral Vaccines - Abstract
BACKGROUND: HVTN 120 is a phase 1/2a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trial that evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and MF59- or AS01B-adjuvanted bivalent subtype C gp120 Env protein at 2 dose levels in healthy HIV-uninfected adults. METHODS: Participants received ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) alone or placebo at months 0 and 1. At months 3 and 6, participants received either placebo, ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) with 200 μg of bivalent subtype C gp120 adjuvanted with MF59 or AS01B, or ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) with 40 μg of bivalent subtype C gp120 adjuvanted with AS01B. Primary outcomes were safety and immune responses. RESULTS: We enrolled 160 participants, 55% women, 18-40 years old (median age 24 years) of whom 150 received vaccine and 10 placebo. Vaccines were generally safe and well tolerated. At months 6.5 and 12, CD4+ T-cell response rates and magnitudes were higher in the AS01B-adjuvanted groups than in the MF59-adjuvanted group. At month 12, HIV-specific Env-gp120 binding antibody response magnitudes in the 40 μg gp120/AS01B group were higher than in either of the 200 μg gp120 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The 40 μg dose gp120/AS01B regimen elicited the highest CD4+ T-cell and binding antibody responses. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT03122223.
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- 2024
28. ChatGPT’s Role in Improving Education Among Patients Seeking Emergency Medical Treatment
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Halaseh, Faris F., Yang, Justin S., Danza, Clifford N., Halaseh, Rami, and Spiegelman, Lindsey
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Emergency Medicine ,ChatGPT ,Large Language Model ,patient education - Abstract
Providing appropriate patient education during a medical encounter remains an important area for improvement across healthcare settings. Personalized resources can offer an impactful way to improve patient understanding and satisfaction during or after a healthcare visit. ChatGPT is a novel chatbot—computer program designed to simulate conversation with humans— that has the potential to assist with care-related questions, clarify discharge instructions, help triage medical problem urgency, and could potentially be used to improve patient-clinician communication. However, due to its training methodology, ChatGPT has inherent limitations, including technical restrictions, risk of misinformation, lack of input standardization, and privacy concerns. Medicolegal liability also remains an open question for physicians interacting with this technology. Nonetheless, careful utilization of ChatGPT in clinical medicine has the potential to supplement patient education in important ways.
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- 2024
29. Structure and Interactions of HIV-1 gp41 CHR-NHR Reverse Hairpin Constructs Reveal Molecular Determinants of Antiviral Activity
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He, Li, McAndrew, Ryan, Barbu, Razvan, Gifford, Grant, Halacoglu, Cari, Drouin-Allaire, Camille, Weber, Lindsey, Kristensen, Line G, Gupta, Sayan, Chen, Yan, Petzold, Christopher J, Allaire, Marc, Li, Kathy H, Ralston, Corie Y, and Gochin, Miriam
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,HIV/AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,HIV Envelope Protein gp41 ,HIV-1 ,Crystallography ,X-Ray ,Humans ,Models ,Molecular ,Protein Conformation ,Protein Folding ,Gp41 derived antiviral ,crystal structure ,covalent ligand ,X-ray footprinting ,lipid altered structure ,Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry ,Microbiology ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry and cell biology - Abstract
Engineered reverse hairpin constructs containing a partial C-heptad repeat (CHR) sequence followed by a short loop and full-length N-heptad repeat (NHR) were previously shown to form trimers in solution and to be nanomolar inhibitors of HIV-1 Env mediated fusion. Their target is the in situ gp41 fusion intermediate, and they have similar potency to other previously reported NHR trimers. However, their design implies that the NHR is partially covered by CHR, which would be expected to limit potency. An exposed hydrophobic pocket in the folded structure may be sufficient to confer the observed potency, or they may exist in a partially unfolded state exposing full length NHR. Here we examined their structure by crystallography, CD and fluorescence, establishing that the proteins are folded hairpins both in crystal form and in solution. We examined unfolding in the milieu of the fusion reaction by conducting experiments in the presence of a membrane mimetic solvent and by engineering a disulfide bond into the structure to prevent partial unfolding. We further examined the role of the hydrophobic pocket, using a hairpin-small molecule adduct that occluded the pocket, as confirmed by X-ray footprinting. The results demonstrated that the NHR region nominally covered by CHR in the engineered constructs and the hydrophobic pocket region that is exposed by design were both essential for nanomolar potency and that interaction with membrane is likely to play a role in promoting the required inhibitor structure. The design concepts can be applied to other Class 1 viral fusion proteins.
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- 2024
30. Equity in the Early Pain Management of Long Bone Fractures in Black vs White Patients: We Have Closed the Gap
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Jehle, Dietrich, Paul, Krishna K., Troung, Stanley, Rogers, Jackson M., Mireles, Blake, Straub, John J., Golovko, Georgiy, Talbott, Matthew M., Lindsey, Ronald W., and Mouton, Charles P.
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Equity ,Opioid analgesia ,non-opioid analgesia ,Long bone fracture ,pain management - Abstract
Introduction: Patients with long bone fractures often present to the emergency department (ED) with severe pain and are typically treated with opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Historical data reveals racial disparities in analgesic administration, with White patients more likely to receive analgesics. With the diversifying US population, health equity is increasingly crucial. In this study we aimed to evaluate the early administration of opioid and non-opioid analgesia among Black and White patients with long bone and femur fractures in EDs over different time frames using a substantial database.Methods: We retrospectively extracted Information from 57 US healthcare organizations within the TriNetX database, encompassing 95 million patients. The ED records from 2003–2023 were subjected to propensity score matching for age and gender. We focused on four cohorts: two comprising Black and White patients diagnosed with long bone fractures, and another two with Black and White patients diagnosed solely with femur fractures. We examined analgesic administration rates over 20 years (2003–2023) at five-year intervals (2003–2008; 2008–2013; 2013–2018; 2018–2023), and further analyzed the rates for the most recent two-year period (2021–2023).Results: Disparities in analgesic administration significantly diminished over the study period. For patients with long bone fractures (1,095,052), the opioid administration gap narrowed from 6.3% to 1.1%, while non-opioid administration disparities reduced from 4.4% to 0.3%. Similar trends were noted for femur fractures (265,181). By 2021–2023, no significant differences in analgesic administration were observed between racial groups.Conclusion: Over the past 20 years, the gap in early administration of opioid and non-opioid analgesics for Black and White patients presenting with long bone fractures or femur fractures has been disappearing.
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- 2024
31. Changes in soil N2O emissions and nitrogen use efficiency following long-term soil carbon storage: Evidence from a mesocosm experiment
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Kelley, Lindsey A, Zhang, Zhenglin, Tamagno, Santiago, Lundy, Mark E, Mitchell, Jeffrey P, Gaudin, Amélie CM, and Pittelkow, Cameron M
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Environmental Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Studies in Human Society ,Agronomy & Agriculture ,Agricultural ,veterinary and food sciences ,Environmental sciences ,Human society - Published
- 2024
32. OSCURA
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Byun, Lindsey J
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For my Honors Capstone, I wrote a two-hour feature screenplay, Oscura, and produced aportion of the narrative. In a world full of ruined-filled deserts, fantastical magic, and vibrantcities, Johnathan Stills, a twenty-two-year-old homebody who lives in Light City, has alwaysbelieved his father, Henry Stills, died on the frontlines as a war hero at the end of World WarThree ten years ago. One day, Johnathan encounters a thief who stole his wallet and is revealedto have an illegal magic-infused weapon. In an attempt to get his wallet back, Johnathan bumpsinto two agents of Lux, a city government-issued organization, who have been watching overhim for the Stills family. After discovering how his father truly died and hearing a new evil islurking in the shadows, Johnathan finds himself continuing a legacy Henry left behind andfighting for the people he loves around him. In this imaginative and original post-apocalyptic,fantasy, and action narrative, our stubborn yet passionate protagonist will explore the meaningfulvalues of family and friendship. I finished the screenplay in the quarter Fall 2023, started theproduction process in the same quarter, and have finished the post-production process in thequarter Spring 2024.
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- 2024
33. Exploring the Wilderness within: An Integrative Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Study on Near-Wild and Colonized Aedes aegypti.
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Kelly, Erin, Mack, Lindsey, and Attardo, Geoffrey
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Aedes aegypti ,biomarkers ,metabolomics ,physiology ,pyrethroids ,resistance ,transcriptomics ,vector - Abstract
This study examines the phenotypic differences between wild-derived F2 Central Valley mosquitoes and the insecticide-susceptible Rockefeller (Rock) lab strain of Ae. aegypti. Given the rarity of wild pyrethroid-susceptible populations, the focus of this work is to develop an understanding of the resistance physiology in this invasive mosquito population and explore the potential of metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic resistance. This study utilizes metabolomic, gene expression, and lifespan data for a comparison between strains. The findings indicate that wild-derived mosquitoes with greater metabolic resistance have a lifespan sensitivity to restricted larval nutrition. In terms of metabolism and gene expression, Central Valley mosquitoes show increased activity in oxidoreductase, glutathione metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Conversely, Rock mosquitoes display signs of metabolic inefficiency and mitochondrial dysregulation, likely tolerated due to the consistency and nutritional abundance of a controlled lab environment. The study also examines Ae. aegypti P450 and GSTE profiles in relation to other insecticide-resistant groups. While metabolomic data can differentiate our study groups, the challenges in biomarker development arise from few detected markers meeting high fold change thresholds.
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- 2024
34. Multidisciplinary management in Fournier's gangrene
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Koch, George E, Abbasi, Behzad, Agoubi, Lauren, Breyer, Benjamin N, Clark, Nina, Dick, Brian P, Friedrich, Jeffrey B, Hampson, Lindsay A, Hernandez, Alexandra, Maine, Rebecca, Osterberg, E Charles, Teal, Lindsey, Woodle, Capt Tarah, and Hagedorn, Judith C
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Humans ,Fournier Gangrene ,Male ,Debridement ,Patient Care Team ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surgery ,Clinical sciences - Published
- 2024
35. DART.2: bidirectional synaptic pharmacology with thousandfold cellular specificity
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Shields, Brenda C, Yan, Haidun, Lim, Shaun SX, Burwell, Sasha CV, Cammarata, Celine M, Fleming, Elizabeth A, Yousefzadeh, S Aryana, Goldenshtein, Victoria Z, Kahuno, Elizabeth W, Vagadia, Purav P, Loughran, Marie H, Zhiquan, Lei, McDonnell, Mark E, Scalabrino, Miranda L, Thapa, Mishek, Hawley, Tammy M, Field, Greg D, Hull, Court, Schiltz, Gary E, Glickfeld, Lindsey L, Reitz, Allen B, and Tadross, Michael R
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Biological Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Mental Health ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Neurological ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,Mice ,Synapses ,Brain ,Male ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Humans ,Female ,Dopaminergic Neurons ,Technology ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Precision pharmacology aims to manipulate specific cellular interactions within complex tissues. In this pursuit, we introduce DART.2 (drug acutely restricted by tethering), a second-generation cell-specific pharmacology technology. The core advance is optimized cellular specificity-up to 3,000-fold in 15 min-enabling the targeted delivery of even epileptogenic drugs without off-target effects. Additionally, we introduce brain-wide dosing methods as an alternative to local cannulation and tracer reagents for brain-wide dose quantification. We describe four pharmaceuticals-two that antagonize excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic receptors, and two that allosterically potentiate these receptors. Their versatility is showcased across multiple mouse-brain regions, including cerebellum, striatum, visual cortex and retina. Finally, in the ventral tegmental area, we find that blocking inhibitory inputs to dopamine neurons accelerates locomotion, contrasting with previous optogenetic and pharmacological findings. Beyond enabling the bidirectional perturbation of chemical synapses, these reagents offer intersectional precision-between genetically defined postsynaptic cells and neurotransmitter-defined presynaptic partners.
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- 2024
36. Multiple Clues for Dayside Aerosols and Temperature Gradients in WASP-69 b from a Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum
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Schlawin, Everett, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Ohno, Kazumasa, Bell, Taylor, Beatty, Thomas G., Greene, Thomas P., Line, Michael, Challener, Ryan C., Parmentier, Vivien, Fortney, Jonathan J., Rauscher, Emily, Wiser, Lindsey, Welbanks, Luis, Murphy, Matthew, Edelman, Isaac, Batalha, Natasha, Moran, Sarah E., Mehta, Nishil, and Rieke, Marcia
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
WASP-69 b is a hot, inflated, Saturn-mass planet 0.26 Mjup with a zero-albedo equilibrium temperature of 963 K. Here, we report the JWST 2 to 12 um emission spectrum of the planet consisting of two eclipses observed with NIRCam grism time series and one eclipse observed with MIRI LRS. The emission spectrum shows absorption features of water vapor, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, but no strong evidence for methane. WASP-69 b's emission spectrum is poorly fit by cloud-free homogeneous models. We find three possible model scenarios for the planet: 1) a Scattering Model that raises the brightness at short wavelengths with a free Geometric Albedo parameter 2) a Cloud Layer model that includes high altitude silicate aerosols to moderate long wavelength emission and 3) a Two-Region model that includes significant dayside inhomogeneity and cloud opacity with two different temperature-pressure profiles. In all cases, aerosols are needed to fit the spectrum of the planet. The Scattering model requires an unexpectedly high Geometric Albedo of 0.64. Our atmospheric retrievals indicate inefficient redistribution of heat and an inhomogeneous dayside distribution, which is tentatively supported by MIRI LRS broadband eclipse maps that show a central concentration of brightness. Our more plausible models (2 and 3) retrieve chemical abundances enriched in heavy elements relative to solar composition by 6x to 14x solar and a C/O ratio of 0.65 to 0.94, whereas the less plausible highly reflective scenario (1) retrieves a slightly lower metallicity and lower C/O ratio., Comment: 41 pages, 19 figures, accepted to the Astronomical Journal
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- 2024
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37. Smart Pixels: In-pixel AI for on-sensor data filtering
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Parpillon, Benjamin, Syal, Chinar, Yoo, Jieun, Dickinson, Jennet, Swartz, Morris, Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe, Bean, Alice, Berry, Douglas, Valentin, Manuel Blanco, DiPetrillo, Karri, Badea, Anthony, Gray, Lindsey, Maksimovic, Petar, Mills, Corrinne, Neubauer, Mark S., Pradhan, Gauri, Tran, Nhan, Wen, Dahai, and Fahim, Farah
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We present a smart pixel prototype readout integrated circuit (ROIC) designed in CMOS 28 nm bulk process, with in-pixel implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) based data filtering algorithm designed as proof-of-principle for a Phase III upgrade at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) pixel detector. The first version of the ROIC consists of two matrices of 256 smart pixels, each 25$\times$25 $\mu$m$^2$ in size. Each pixel consists of a charge-sensitive preamplifier with leakage current compensation and three auto-zero comparators for a 2-bit flash-type ADC. The frontend is capable of synchronously digitizing the sensor charge within 25 ns. Measurement results show an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of $\sim$30e$^-$ and a total dispersion of $\sim$100e$^-$ The second version of the ROIC uses a fully connected two-layer neural network (NN) to process information from a cluster of 256 pixels to determine if the pattern corresponds to highly desirable high-momentum particle tracks for selection and readout. The digital NN is embedded in-between analog signal processing regions of the 256 pixels without increasing the pixel size and is implemented as fully combinatorial digital logic to minimize power consumption and eliminate clock distribution, and is active only in the presence of an input signal. The total power consumption of the neural network is $\sim$ 300 $\mu$W. The NN performs momentum classification based on the generated cluster patterns and even with a modest momentum threshold, it is capable of 54.4\% - 75.4\% total data rejection, opening the possibility of using the pixel information at 40MHz for the trigger. The total power consumption of analog and digital functions per pixel is $\sim$ 6 $\mu$W per pixel, which corresponds to $\sim$ 1 W/cm$^2$ staying within the experimental constraints., Comment: IEEE NSS MIC RSTD 2024
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- 2024
38. Reducing Model Error Using Optimised Galaxy Selection: Weak Lensing Cluster Mass Estimation
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Rau, Markus Michael, Kéruzoré, Florian, Ramachandra, Nesar, and Bleem, Lindsey
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Galaxy clusters are one of the most powerful probes to study extensions of General Relativity and the Standard Cosmological Model. Upcoming surveys like the Vera Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time are expected to revolutionise the field, by enabling the analysis of cluster samples of unprecedented size and quality. To reach this era of high-precision cluster cosmology, the mitigation of sources of systematic error is crucial. A particularly important challenge is bias in cluster mass measurements induced by inaccurate photometric redshift estimates of source galaxies. This work proposes a method to optimise the source sample selection in cluster weak lensing analyses drawn from wide-field survey lensing catalogs to reduce the bias on reconstructed cluster masses. We use a combinatorial optimisation scheme and methods from variational inference to select galaxies in latent space to produce a probabilistic galaxy source sample catalog for highly accurate cluster mass estimation. We show that our method reduces the critical surface mass density $\Sigma_{\rm crit}$ modelling bias on the 60-70% level, while maintaining up to 90% of galaxies. We highlight that our methodology has applications beyond cluster mass estimation as an approach to jointly combine galaxy selection and model inference under sources of systematics., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to the MNRAS, comments welcome
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- 2024
39. Large Stepsize Gradient Descent for Non-Homogeneous Two-Layer Networks: Margin Improvement and Fast Optimization
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Cai, Yuhang, Wu, Jingfeng, Mei, Song, Lindsey, Michael, and Bartlett, Peter L.
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
The typical training of neural networks using large stepsize gradient descent (GD) under the logistic loss often involves two distinct phases, where the empirical risk oscillates in the first phase but decreases monotonically in the second phase. We investigate this phenomenon in two-layer networks that satisfy a near-homogeneity condition. We show that the second phase begins once the empirical risk falls below a certain threshold, dependent on the stepsize. Additionally, we show that the normalized margin grows nearly monotonically in the second phase, demonstrating an implicit bias of GD in training non-homogeneous predictors. If the dataset is linearly separable and the derivative of the activation function is bounded away from zero, we show that the average empirical risk decreases, implying that the first phase must stop in finite steps. Finally, we demonstrate that by choosing a suitably large stepsize, GD that undergoes this phase transition is more efficient than GD that monotonically decreases the risk. Our analysis applies to networks of any width, beyond the well-known neural tangent kernel and mean-field regimes., Comment: Clarify our results on sigmoid neural networks
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- 2024
40. Sulfur Dioxide and Other Molecular Species in the Atmosphere of the Sub-Neptune GJ 3470 b
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Beatty, Thomas G., Welbanks, Luis, Schlawin, Everett, Bell, Taylor J., Line, Michael R., Murphy, Matthew, Edelman, Isaac, Greene, Thomas P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Henry, Gregory W., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Ohno, Kazumasa, Parmentier, Vivien, Rauscher, Emily, Wiser, Lindsey S., and Arnold, Kenneth E.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We report observations of the atmospheric transmission spectrum of the sub-Neptune exoplanet GJ 3470 b taken using the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on JWST. Combined with two archival HST/WFC3 transit observations and fifteen archival Spitzer transit observations, we detect water, methane, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of GJ 3470 b, each with a significance of >3-sigma. GJ 3470 b is the lowest mass -- and coldest -- exoplanet known to show a substantial sulfur dioxide feature in its spectrum, at $M_{p}$=11.2${\,{\rm M}_{\oplus}}$ and $T_{eq}$=600$\,$K. This indicates disequilibrium photochemistry drives sulfur dioxide production in exoplanet atmospheres over a wider range of masses and temperatures than has been reported or expected. The water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide abundances we measure indicate an atmospheric metallicity of approximately $100\times$ Solar. We see further evidence for disequilibrium chemistry in our inferred methane abundance, which is significantly lower than expected from equilibrium models consistent with our measured water and carbon dioxide abundances., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables. Accepted in Astrophysical Journal Letters
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- 2024
41. Periodic localized traveling waves in the two-dimensional suspension bridge equation
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van der Aalst, Lindsey, Berg, Jan Bouwe van den, and Lessard, Jean-Philippe
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Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems - Abstract
In the dynamics generated by the suspension bridge equation, traveling waves are an essential feature. The existing literature focuses primarily on the idealized one-dimensional case, while traveling structures in two spatial dimensions have only been studied via numerical simulations. We use computer-assisted proof methods based on a Newton-Kantorovich type argument to find and prove periodic localized traveling waves in two dimensions. The main obstacle is the exponential nonlinearity in combination with the resulting large amplitude of the localized waves. Our analysis hinges on establishing computable bounds to control the aliasing error in the computed Fourier coefficients. This leads to existence proofs of different traveling wave solutions, accompanied by small, explicit, rigorous bounds on the deficiency of numerical approximations. This approach is directly extendable to other wave equation models and elliptic partial differential equations with analytic nonlinearities, in two as well as in higher dimensions., Comment: Added a reference
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- 2024
42. Identifying Functional Brain Networks of Spatiotemporal Wide-Field Calcium Imaging Data via a Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder
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Zhang, Xiaohui, Landsness, Eric C, Brier, Lindsey M, Chen, Wei, Tang, Michelle J., Miao, Hanyang, Lee, Jin-Moo, Anastasio, Mark A., and Culver, Joseph P.
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing - Abstract
Wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) that records neural calcium dynamics allows for identification of functional brain networks (FBNs) in mice that express genetically encoded calcium indicators. Estimating FBNs from WFCI data is commonly achieved by use of seed-based correlation (SBC) analysis and independent component analysis (ICA). These two methods are conceptually distinct and each possesses limitations. Recent success of unsupervised representation learning in neuroimage analysis motivates the investigation of such methods to identify FBNs. In this work, a novel approach referred as LSTM-AER, is proposed in which a long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder (AE) is employed to learn spatial-temporal latent embeddings from WFCI data, followed by an ordinary least square regression (R) to estimate FBNs. The goal of this study is to elucidate and illustrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the FBNs identified by use of the LSTM-AER method and compare them to those from traditional SBC and ICA. It was observed that spatial FBN maps produced from LSTM-AER resembled those derived by SBC and ICA while better accounting for intra-subject variation, data from a single hemisphere, shorter epoch lengths and tunable number of latent components. The results demonstrate the potential of unsupervised deep learning-based approaches to identifying and mapping FBNs.
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- 2024
43. Extended Shock Breakout and Early Circumstellar Interaction in SN 2024ggi
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Shrestha, Manisha, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Sand, David J., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Andrews, Jennifer E., Dong, Yize, Hoang, Emily, Janzen, Daryl, Pearson, Jeniveve, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, M. J., Mehta, Darshana, Ravi, Aravind P., Retamal, Nicolas Meza, Valenti, Stefano, Brown, Peter J., Jha, Saurabh W., Macrie, Colin, Hsu, Brian, Farah, Joseph, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Kwok, Lindsey, Smith, Nathan, Schwab, Michaela, Martas, Aidan, Munoz, Ricardo R., Medina, Gustavo E., Li, Ting S., Diaz, Paula, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Tucker, Brad E., Wheeler, J. C., Wang, Xiaofeng, Zhai, Qian, Zhang, Jujia, Gangopadhyay, Anjasha, Yang, Yi, and Gutierez, Claudia P.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova (SN) 2024ggi, a Type II SN with flash spectroscopy features which exploded in the nearby galaxy NGC 3621 at $\sim$7 Mpc. The light-curve evolution over the first 30 hours can be fit by two power law indices with a break after 22 hours, rising from $M_V \approx -12.95$ mag at +0.66 days to $M_V \approx -17.91$ mag after 7 days. In addition, the densely sampled color curve shows a strong blueward evolution over the first few days and then behaves as a normal SN II with a redward evolution as the ejecta cool. Such deviations could be due to interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). Early high- and low-resolution spectra clearly show high-ionization flash features from the first spectrum to +3.42 days after the explosion. From the high-resolution spectra, we calculate the CSM velocity to be 37 $\pm~4~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}} $. We also see the line strength evolve rapidly from 1.22 to 1.49 days in the earliest high-resolution spectra. Comparison of the low-resolution spectra with CMFGEN models suggests that the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of SN 2024ggi falls in a range of $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, which is similar to that derived for SN 2023ixf. However, the rapid temporal evolution of the narrow lines in the spectra of SN 2024ggi ($R_\mathrm{CSM} \sim 2.7 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{cm}$) could indicate a smaller spatial extent of the CSM than in SN 2023ixf ($R_\mathrm{CSM} \sim 5.4 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{cm}$) which in turn implies lower total CSM mass for SN 2024ggi., Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJL
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- 2024
44. Illustrating an Effective Workflow for Accelerated Materials Discovery
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Mulukutla, Mrinalini, Person, A. Nicole, Voigt, Sven, Kuettner, Lindsey, Kappes, Branden, Khatamsaz, Danial, Robinson, Robert, Salas, Daniel, Xu, Wenle, Lewis, Daniel, Eoh, Hongkyu, Xiao, Kailu, Wang, Haoren, Saini, Jaskaran Singh, Mahat, Raj, Hastings, Trevor, Skokan, Matthew, Attari, Vahid, Elverud, Michael, Paramore, James D., Butler, Brady, Vecchio, Kenneth, Kalidindi, Surya R., Allaire, Douglas, Karaman, Ibrahim, Thomas, Edwin L., Pharr, George, Srivastava, Ankit, and Arróyave, Raymundo
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Algorithmic materials discovery is a multi-disciplinary domain that integrates insights from specialists in alloy design, synthesis, characterization, experimental methodologies, computational modeling, and optimization. Central to this effort is a robust data management system paired with an interactive work platform. This platform should empower users to not only access others data but also integrate their analyses, paving the way for sophisticated data pipelines. To realize this vision, there is a need for an integrative collaboration platform, streamlined data sharing and analysis tools, and efficient communication channels. Such a collaborative mechanism should transcend geographical barriers, facilitating remote interaction and fostering a challenge-response dynamic. In this paper, we present our ongoing efforts in addressing the critical challenges related to an accelerated Materials Discovery Framework as a part of the High-Throughput Materials Discovery for Extreme Conditions Initiative. Our BIRDSHOT Center has successfully harnessed various tools and strategies, including the utilization of cloud-based storage, a standardized sample naming convention, a structured file system, the implementation of sample travelers, a robust sample tracking method, and the incorporation of knowledge graphs for efficient data management. Additionally, we present the development of a data collection platform, reinforcing seamless collaboration among our team members. In summary, this paper provides an illustration and insight into the various elements of an efficient and effective workflow within an accelerated materials discovery framework while highlighting the dynamic and adaptable nature of the data management tools and sharing platforms., Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, with appendix that has 8 pages, accepted for publication at IMMI
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- 2024
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45. A High Internal Heat Flux and Large Core in a Warm Neptune Exoplanet
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Welbanks, Luis, Bell, Taylor J., Beatty, Thomas G., Line, Michael R., Ohno, Kazumasa, Fortney, Jonathan J., Schlawin, Everett, Greene, Thomas P., Rauscher, Emily, McGill, Peter, Murphy, Matthew, Parmentier, Vivien, Tang, Yao, Edelman, Isaac, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Wiser, Lindsey S., Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Dyrek, Achrène, and Arnold, Kenneth E.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Interactions between exoplanetary atmospheres and internal properties have long been hypothesized to be drivers of the inflation mechanisms of gaseous planets and apparent atmospheric chemical disequilibrium conditions. However, transmission spectra of exoplanets has been limited in its ability to observational confirm these theories due to the limited wavelength coverage of HST and inferences of single molecules, mostly H$_2$O. In this work, we present the panchromatic transmission spectrum of the approximately 750 K, low-density, Neptune-sized exoplanet WASP-107b using a combination of HST WFC3, JWST NIRCam and MIRI. From this spectrum, we detect spectroscopic features due to H$_2$O (21$\sigma$), CH$_4$ (5$\sigma$), CO (7$\sigma$), CO$_2$ (29$\sigma$), SO$_2$ (9$\sigma$), and NH$_3$ (6$\sigma$). The presence of these molecules enable constraints on the atmospheric metal enrichment (M/H is 10--18$\times$ Solar), vertical mixing strength (log$_{10}$K$_{zz}$=8.4--9.0 cm$^2$s$^{-1}$), and internal temperature ($>$345 K). The high internal temperature is suggestive of tidally-driven inflation acting upon a Neptune-like internal structure, which can naturally explain the planet's large radius and low density. These findings suggest that eccentricity driven tidal heating is a critical process governing atmospheric chemistry and interior structure inferences for a majority of the cool ($<$1,000K) super-Earth-to-Saturn mass exoplanet population., Comment: This preprint has not undergone any substantive post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Nature here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07514-w
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- 2024
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46. Biomarker Selection for Adaptive Systems
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Pickard, Joshua, Stansbury, Cooper, Surana, Amit, Muir, Lindsey, Bloch, Anthony, and Rajapakse, Indika
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Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
Biomarkers enable objective monitoring of a given cell or state in a biological system and are widely used in research, biomanufacturing, and clinical practice. However, identifying appropriate biomarkers that are both robustly measurable and capture a state accurately remains challenging. We present a framework for biomarker identification based upon observability guided sensor selection. Our methods, Dynamic Sensor Selection (DSS) and Structure-Guided Sensor Selection (SGSS), utilize temporal models and experimental data, offering a template for applying observability theory to data from biological systems. Unlike conventional methods that assume well-known, fixed dynamics, DSS adaptively select biomarkers or sensors that maximize observability while accounting for the time-varying nature of biological systems. Additionally, SGSS incorporates structural information and diverse data to identify sensors which are resilient against inaccuracies in our model of the underlying system. We validate our approaches by performing estimation on high dimensional systems derived from temporal gene expression data from partial observations. Our algorithms reliably identify known biomarkers and uncover new ones within our datasets. Additionally, integrating chromosome conformation and gene expression data addresses noise and uncertainty, enhancing the reliability of our biomarker selection approach for the genome.
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- 2024
47. On-ground calibration of the X-ray, gamma-ray, and relativistic electron detector onboard TARANIS
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Wada, Yuuki, Laurent, Philippe, Pailot, Damien, Cojocari, Ion, Bréelle, Eric, Colonges, Stéphane, Baronick, Jean-Pierre, Lebrun, François, Blelly, Pierre-Louis, Sarria, David, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, and Clark, Miles Lindsey
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
We developed the X-ray, Gamma-ray and Relativistic Electron detector (XGRE) onboard the TARANIS satellite, to investigate high-energy phenomena associated with lightning discharges such as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and terrestrial electron beams. XGRE consisted of three sensors. Each sensor has one layer of LaBr$_{3}$ crystals for X-ray/gamma-ray detections, and two layers of plastic scintillators for electron and charged-particle discrimination. Since 2018, the flight model of XGRE was developed, and validation and calibration tests, such as a thermal cycle test and a calibration test with the sensors onboard the satellite were performed before the launch of TARANIS on 17 November 2020. The energy range of the LaBr$_{3}$ crystals sensitive to X-rays and gamma rays was determined to be 0.04-11.6 MeV, 0.08-11.0 MeV, and 0.08-11.3 MeV for XGRE1, 2, and 3, respectively. The energy resolution at 0.662 MeV (full width at half maximum) was to be 20.5%, 25.9%, and 28.6%, respectively. Results from the calibration test were then used to validate a simulation model of XGRE and TARANIS. By performing Monte Carlo simulations with the verified model, we calculated effective areas of XGRE to X-rays, gamma rays, electrons, and detector responses to incident photons and electrons coming from various elevation and azimuth angles., Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, 1 table, published in Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. Copyright 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
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- 2024
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48. A Bayesian joint longitudinal-survival model with a latent stochastic process for intensive longitudinal data
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Abbott, Madeline R., Dempsey, Walter H., Nahum-Shani, Inbal, Potter, Lindsey N., Wetter, David W., Lam, Cho Y., and Taylor, Jeremy M. G.
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Statistics - Methodology - Abstract
The availability of mobile health (mHealth) technology has enabled increased collection of intensive longitudinal data (ILD). ILD have potential to capture rapid fluctuations in outcomes that may be associated with changes in the risk of an event. However, existing methods for jointly modeling longitudinal and event-time outcomes are not well-equipped to handle ILD due to the high computational cost. We propose a joint longitudinal and time-to-event model suitable for analyzing ILD. In this model, we summarize a multivariate longitudinal outcome as a smaller number of time-varying latent factors. These latent factors, which are modeled using an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process, capture the risk of a time-to-event outcome in a parametric hazard model. We take a Bayesian approach to fit our joint model and conduct simulations to assess its performance. We use it to analyze data from an mHealth study of smoking cessation. We summarize the longitudinal self-reported intensity of nine emotions as the psychological states of positive and negative affect. These time-varying latent states capture the risk of the first smoking lapse after attempted quit. Understanding factors associated with smoking lapse is of keen interest to smoking cessation researchers., Comment: Main text is 32 pages with 6 figures. Supplementary material is 21 pages
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- 2024
49. A global evidence map of human well-being and biodiversity co-benefits and trade-offs of natural climate solutions
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Chang, Charlotte H., Erbaugh, James T., Fajardo, Paola, Lu, Luci, Molnár, István, Papp, Dávid, Robinson, Brian E., Austin, Kemen, Cook-Patton, Susan, Kroeger, Timm, Smart, Lindsey, Castro, Miguel, Cheng, Samantha H., Ellis, Peter W., McDonald, Rob I., Garg, Teevrat, Poor, Erin E., Welker, Preston, Tilman, Andrew R., Wood, Stephen A., and Masuda, Yuta J.
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Physics - Physics and Society - Abstract
Natural climate solutions (NCS) are critical for mitigating climate change through ecosystem-based carbon removal and emissions reductions. NCS implementation can also generate biodiversity and human well-being co-benefits and trade-offs ("NCS co-impacts"), but the volume of evidence on NCS co-impacts has grown rapidly across disciplines, is poorly understood, and remains to be systematically collated and synthesized. A global evidence map of NCS co-impacts would overcome key barriers to NCS implementation by providing relevant information on co-benefits and trade-offs where carbon mitigation potential alone does not justify NCS projects. We employ large language models to assess over two million articles, finding 257,266 relevant articles on NCS co-impacts. We analyze this large and dispersed body of literature using innovative machine learning methods to extract relevant data (e.g., study location, species, and other key variables), and create a global evidence map on NCS co-impacts. Evidence on NCS co-impacts has grown approximately ten-fold in three decades, although some of the most abundant evidence is associated with pathways that have less mitigation potential. We find that studies often examine multiple NCS pathways, indicating natural NCS pathway complements, and each NCS is often associated with two or more coimpacts. Finally, NCS co-impacts evidence and priority areas for NCS are often mismatched--some countries with high mitigation potential from NCS have few published studies on the broader co-impacts of NCS implementation. Our work advances and makes available novel methods and systematic and representative data of NCS co-impacts studies, thus providing timely insights to inform NCS research and action globally., Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
50. Shared learning of powertrain control policies for vehicle fleets
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Kerbel, Lindsey, Ayalew, Beshah, and Ivanco, Andrej
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Emerging data-driven approaches, such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL), aim at on-the-field learning of powertrain control policies that optimize fuel economy and other performance metrics. Indeed, they have shown great potential in this regard for individual vehicles on specific routes or drive cycles. However, for fleets of vehicles that must service a distribution of routes, DRL approaches struggle with learning stability issues that result in high variances and challenge their practical deployment. In this paper, we present a novel framework for shared learning among a fleet of vehicles through the use of a distilled group policy as the knowledge sharing mechanism for the policy learning computations at each vehicle. We detail the mathematical formulation that makes this possible. Several scenarios are considered to analyze the functionality, performance, and computational scalability of the framework with fleet size. Comparisons of the cumulative performance of fleets using our proposed shared learning approach with a baseline of individual learning agents and another state-of-the-art approach with a centralized learner show clear advantages to our approach. For example, we find a fleet average asymptotic improvement of 8.5 percent in fuel economy compared to the baseline while also improving on the metrics of acceleration error and shifting frequency for fleets serving a distribution of suburban routes. Furthermore, we include demonstrative results that show how the framework reduces variance within a fleet and also how it helps individual agents adapt better to new routes.
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- 2024
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