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Kot posledica britanskega imperializma se je med prebivalci Indije od 19. stoletja dalje stopnjeval nacionalizem, ki je (bil) na indijski podcelini močno povezan z religijo. Preplet velikih svetovnih verstev, predvsem hinduizma in islama, povezanih z bojem za osamosvojitev izpod britanske nadoblasti, je zaradi različnosti ideologij enih in drugih pripeljalo do velikih napetosti med njimi. Navsezadnje leta 1947 ni prišlo le do osamosvojitve Indije, ampak hkrati tudi do nastanka nove, muslimanske države Pakistana. Pričujoče magistrsko delo se osredotoča na zgodovino nesoglasij med različnimi verskimi skupinami na jugu Azije, ki so v drugi polovici 20. stoletja pripeljale do štirih indijsko – pakistanskih vojn, ter še nekaterih drugih situacij, ko bi do vojn lahko prišlo. Največ krvi je bilo prelite zaradi območja na severni meji med državama, imenovanega Kašmir. Ob dejstvu, da tako Indija kot Pakistan posedujeta jedrsko orožje, hkrati pa odnosi med državama ostajajo tekmovalni tudi triinsedemdeset let po delitvi Indije, velja ta del sveta za enega najpomembnejših kriznih žarišč na svetu. As a result of British imperialism, nationalism – which is (was) strongly associated with religion in the Indian subcontinent – escalated among the people of India from the 19th century onwards. The intertwining of the great world religions, especially Hinduism and Islam, associated with the struggle for independence under British supremacy, led to great tensions between the two due to the diversity of ideologies of one and the other. After all, 1947 saw not only India’s independence, but also the emergence of a new, Muslim state of Pakistan. The present master's thesis focuses on the history of disagreements between different religious groups in South Asia, which led to four Indo-Pakistani wars in the second half of the 20th century and some other situations when wars could occur. Most of the blood was shed because of an area on the northern border between the two countries called Kashmir. Given the fact that both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons, and at the same time relations between the two countries remain competitive even seventy-three years after the division of India, this part of the world is considered one of the most important crisis hotspots in the world.

Velika Britanija velja za območje z bogato zgodovino priseljevanja in izseljevanja ljudi, vendar do polovice 20. stoletja etnična raznolikost tam še ni bila tako izrazita. Do bistvenih sprememb na tem področju je prišlo po koncu druge svetovne vojne, ko se je zaradi številnih mednarodnih migracij etnična sestava prebivalstva precej spremenila. V največjem številu so se na britanski otok začeli priseljevati južni Azijci (Indijci, Pakistanci) in prebivalci karibskih otokov. Postopoma se je izoblikovala multikulturna družba, ki se danes kaže predvsem v večjih mestih, najbolj v Londonu. Pričujoče magistrsko delo se osredotoča na migracije v Veliki Britaniji skozi zgodovino, posebej pa predstavi tudi današnje stanje le-teh. Ker so Britanci neuradno sprejeli multikulturalistični pristop v odnosu do priseljencev, se delo posveti tudi tej tematiki. Multikulturalizem ima zlasti politični pomen, ki je opazen v najrazličnejših zakonih in odločitvah vladajočih, sprejetih v odnosu do migrantov. Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske je v prvih desetletjih po drugi svetovni vojni sprejelo veliko zakonov o omejevanju priseljevanja, hkrati pa tudi že začelo s prizadevanji za izboljšanje razmer migrantov in njihovo enakopravnost v britanski družbi. Pot do dejanske enakopravnosti za zdaj ostaja utopija, še posebej če posamezne etnične skupine primerjamo glede na stopnjo brezposelnosti ali druge relevantne kazalce. Poleg tega so tudi v Veliki Britaniji še vedno prisotni problemi rasizma in ostale oblike diskriminacije. Great Britain is considered a region rich in history of immigration and emigration of people but by the middle of the twentieth century ethnic diversity was not significant. Important changes in this area occurred after the end of the Second World War when – due to many international migrations – the ethnic composition of the population changed considerably. Most numerous among the migrants to the British island were the South Asians (Indians, Pakistanis) and the inhabitants of the Caribbean Islands. A multicultural society which is nowadays most notable in major cities such as London gradually formed. The following Master’s thesis focuses on the migrations in Great Britain through history and in particular presents the current state of these. The thesis also focuses on the multicultural approach in relation to immigrants which the British have unofficially adopted. Multiculturalism is of particular political significance which is evident in various laws and decisions adopted in response to migration issues. In the first decades after Second World War, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland adopted numerous laws on restricting immigration while at the same time introduced the efforts to improve the situation of migrants and their equality within the British society. The path to actual equality remains utopia for the time being, especially when we compare the unemployment rates or other relevant indicators of the individual ethnic groups. In addition, Great Britain still faces problems of racism and other forms of discrimination.