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3. The genesis of a cruiser navy : British first-class cruiser development 1884-1909

Author

Lindgren, S. M.

Subjects
359.8
Abstract

From the middle of the 1880s until the commencement of the Great War 1914-’18 the first-class cruiser was an vital component of the British battlefleet. This was a period in which technology and tactics evolved at an extremely rapid pace, forming the material basis for Sir John Fisher’s ‘Dreadnought Revolution’, in which cruiser qualities of speed, range and offensive power were greatly prized. Throughout this era enormous sums were spent on such types: they were frequently longer than and cost almost as much as their battleship contemporaries, while carrying a near-equivalent armament and possessing significant advantages in both speed and endurance. Despite these capabilities, British first-class cruisers, especially those of the 1890s, are comparatively rarely examined by historians. This thesis fills the gap in the historiography by examining the place and development of the type in the Royal Navy from 1884-1909, and illustrates how they would progress from being a trade-defence vessel, to a genuine alternative to the battleship, and would ultimately form the basic inspiration for all of the service’s first all-big-gun capital ships. It begins by assessing the origins of the type in the mid-Victorian era and considers how the contemporary strategic position and materials drove vessel characteristics, resulting in the development of the first unofficially termed ‘battle-cruisers’ to counter the threat of a Franco-Russian guerre de course employing dedicated raiding types and armed high-speed liners. Following a dramatic advance in the protective capacity of armour that occurred in the mid-1890s, it is shown how the first-class cruiser would gain a fighting ability at least equal to their battleship contemporaries in addition to their continued utility in the trade-defence role, and how latterly, these characteristics would become the cornerstone of Sir John Fisher’s planned radical transformation of the service in the first decade of the 20th Century.

Published
2013

4. Media Representations of Artificial Intelligence. Surveying the Field

Author

Lindgren, Simon, Lindgren, S ( Simon ), Brause, Saba Rebecca; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-0491, Zeng, Jing; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-7172, Schäfer, Mike; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-7503, Katzenbach, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1897-2783, Lindgren, Simon, Lindgren, S ( Simon ), Brause, Saba Rebecca; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-0491, Zeng, Jing; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-7172, Schäfer, Mike; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-7503, and Katzenbach, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1897-2783

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a prominent issue in news and social media. Consequently, scholars have started to analyze such media representations of AI. This chapter reviews this emerging research field, its characteristics and findings. It examines which aspects of AI are analyzed, on which countries and media it focuses, and which methodologies it employs. It also identifies central findings and lays out directions for future research. It finds that the overwhelming majority of the existing research focuses on news media coverage of AI, showing a strong increase in reporting on AI, largely positive evaluations and economic framing. Social media communication about AI is considerably less studied. Overall, research focuses strongly on “Western” countries, particularly the US and UK. Methodologically, research focuses mostly on single case studies, employs quantitative approaches and almost exclusively analyzes written text, neglecting visual and multimodal representations of AI.

Published
2023

7. Living in negotiation: patients’experiences of being in the diagnostic process of COPD

Author

Lindgren S, Storli SL, and Wiklund-Gustin L

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Sari Lindgren,1,2 Sissel Lisa Storli,3 Lena Wiklund-Gustin4,51Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; 2Faculty of Health and Society, Narvik University College, Narvik, Norway; 3Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; 4Faculty of Health and Society, Narvik University College, Narvik, Norway; 5School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, SwedenPurpose: To illuminate patients’ lived experiences of going through the process of being diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Patients and methods: A phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis was applied in the interpretation of interviews with eight persons diagnosed with mild or moderate COPD.Results: One main theme ‘living in negotiation’, and three themes ‘living with a body out of step with the diagnosis’, ‘dealing with the past’, and ‘being challenged by the future’ reflected the process participants were living through in their quest for acceptance and a new balance in life. Participants found that the diagnostic processes were confusing, and that the diagnosis itself was ‘a slap in the face’. Unclear messages gave rise to fluctuating between an understanding of the condition as ‘not too severe’, insecurity, and fear. Shame and guilt related to the diagnosis had origins in the past, and in combination with the idea of ‘chronic’ the COPD diagnosis interfered with the present moment and gave rise to uncertainty for the future. The understanding of the present is related to negotiations not only with the past, but also with the future. Thus temporal aspects of the diagnosis are of great significance for the process of finding acceptance.Conclusion: Regardless of disease severity, the diagnosis seems to be a breakdown of life, which puts life itself at stake. Medical professionals should be aware that the way the diagnosis is disclosed and communicated has considerable significance for how individuals understand and deal with their illness. The diagnosis should be communicated face-to-face, clearly and with empathy, and followed by information about COPD. Physicians should allow time and listen to the patients’ stories, and thus develop a shared understanding of the temporal aspect of the illness and patients’ needs and concerns. Thus, good communication is essential in determining whether the patient remains in negotiation, or enters a process toward acceptance and new understanding.Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, phenomenological hermeneutics, lived experience, temporality

Published
2014

11. Questions and answers on iron deficiency treatment selection and the use of intravenous iron in routine clinical practice

Author

Richards, T, Breymann, C, Brookes, MJ, Lindgren, S, Macdougall, IC, McMahon, LP, Munro, MG, Nemeth, E, Rosano, GMC, Schiefke, I, and Weiss, G

Subjects
Oral, Male, Consensus, erythrocyte transfusion, Clinical Decision-Making, Anaemia, Cardiovascular, inflammatory bowel diseases, iron-deficiency, Medical and Health Sciences, renal insufficiency, iron, Pregnancy, menorrhagia, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Nutrition, pregnancy complications, Prevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Iron Deficiencies, cardiovascular diseases, infusions, chronic, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Administration, Practice Guidelines as Topic, intravenous, Female, Patient Safety, Digestive Diseases, Iron Compounds
Abstract

Iron deficiency is a common cause of morbidity and can arise as a consequence or complication from many diseases. The use of intravenous iron has increased significantly in the last decade, but concerns remain about indications and administration. Modern intravenous iron preparations can facilitate rapid iron repletion in one or two doses, both for absolute iron deficiency and, in the presence of inflammation, functional iron deficiency, where oral iron therapy is ineffective or has not worked. A multidisciplinary team of experts experienced in iron deficiency undertook a consensus review to support healthcare professionals with practical advice on managing iron deficiency in gastrointestinal, renal and cardiac disease, as well as; pregnancy, heavy menstrual bleeding, and surgery. We explain how intravenous iron may work where oral iron has not. We provide context on how and when intravenous iron should be administered, and informed opinion on potential benefits balanced with potential side-effects. We propose how intravenous iron side-effects can be anticipated in terms of what they may be and when they may occur. The aim of this consensus is to provide a practical basis for educating and preparing staff and patients on when and how iron infusions can be administered safely and efficiently. Key messages Iron deficiency treatment selection is driven by several factors, including the presence of inflammation, the time available for iron replenishment, and the anticipated risk of side-effects or intolerance. Intravenous iron preparations are indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency when oral preparations are ineffective or cannot be used, and therefore have applicability in a wide range of clinical contexts, including chronic inflammatory conditions, perioperative settings, and disorders associated with chronic blood loss. Adverse events occurring with intravenous iron can be anticipated according to when they typically occur, which provides a basis for educating and preparing staff and patients on how iron infusions can be administered safely and efficiently.

Published
2021

12. Development of n-on-p silicon sensors for very high radiation environments

Author

Unno, Y., Affolder, A.A., Allport, P.P., Bates, R., Betancourt, C., Bohm, J., Brown, H., Buttar, C., Carter, J.R., Casse, G., Chen, H., Chilingarov, A., Cindro, V., Clark, A., Dawson, N., DeWilde, B., Dolezal, Z., Eklund, L., Fadeyev, V., Ferrere, D., Fox, H., French, R., Garcia, C., Gerling, M., Gonzalez Sevilla, S., Gorelov, I., Greenall, A., Grillo, A.A., Hamasaki, N., Hara, K., Hatano, H., Hoeferkamp, M., Hommels, L.B.A., Ikegami, Y., Jakobs, K., Kamada, S., Kierstead, J., Kodys, P., Kohler, M., Kohriki, T., Kramberger, G., Lacasta, C., Li, Z., Lindgren, S., Lynn, D., Mikestikova, M., Maddock, P., Mandic, I., Marti i Garcia, S., Martinez-McKinney, F., Maunu, R., McCarthy, R., Metcalfe, J., Mikuz, M., Minano, M., Mitsui, S., O'Shea, V., Paganis, S., Parzefall, U., Puldon, D., Robinson, D., Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., Sattari, S., Schamberger, D., Seidel, S., Seiden, A., Terada, S., Toms, K., Tsionou, D., Von Wilpert, J., Wormald, M., Wright, J., Yamada, M., and Yamamura, K.

Published
2011
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13. Testing of surface properties pre-rad and post-rad of n-in-p silicon sensors for very high radiation environment

Author

Lindgren, S., Affolder, A.A., Allport, P.P., Bates, R., Betancourt, C., Bohm, J., Brown, H., Buttar, C., Carter, J.R., Casse, G., Chen, H., Chilingarov, A., Cindro, V., Clark, A., Dawson, N., DeWilde, B., Doherty, F., Dolezal, Z., Eklund, L., Fadeyev, V., Ferrèrre, D., Fox, H., French, R., García, C., Gerling, M., Gonzalez Sevilla, S., Gorelov, I., Greenall, A., Grillo, A.A., Hamasaki, N., Hara, K., Hatano, H., Hoeferkamp, M., Hommels, L.B.A., Ikegami, Y., Jakobs, K., Kierstead, J., Kodys, P., Köhler, M., Kohriki, T., Kramberger, G., Lacasta, C., Li, Z., Lynn, D., Maddock, P., Mandić, I., Martinez-McKinney, F., Garcia, S.Martíi, Maunu, R., McCarthy, R., Metcalfe, J., Mikestikova, M., Mikuž, M., Miñano, M., Mitsui, S., O’Shea, V., Parzefall, U., Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., Schamberger, D., Seiden, A., Terada, S., Paganis, S., Robinson, D., Puldon, D., Sattari, S., Seidel, S., Toms, K., Tsionou, D., Unno, Y., Von Wilpert, J., Wormald, M., Wright, J., and Yamada, M.

Published
2011
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14. Evaluation of the bulk and strip characteristics of large area n-in- p silicon sensors intended for a very high radiation environment

Author

Bohm, J., Mikestikova, M., Affolder, A.A., Allport, P.P., Bates, R., Betancourt, C., Brown, H., Buttar, C., Carter, J.R., Casse, G., Chen, H., Chilingarov, A., Cindro, V., Clark, A., Dawson, N., DeWilde, B., Doherty, F., Dolezal, Z., Eklund, L., Fadeyev, V., Ferrere, D., Fox, H., French, R., Garcia, C., Gerling, M., Gonzalez Sevilla, S., Gorelov, I., Greenall, A., Grillo, A.A., Hara, K., Hatano, H., Hoeferkamp, M., Hommels, L.B.A., Ikegami, Y., Jakobs, K., Kierstead, J., Kodys, P., Köhler, M., Kohriki, T., Krambergen, G., Lacasta, C., Li, Z., Lindgren, S., Lynn, D., Maddock, P., Mandic, I., Marti i Garcia, S., Martinez-McKinney, F., Maunu, R., McCarthy, R., Metcalfe, J., Mikuz, M., Minano, M., Mitsui, S., O'Shea, V., Paganis, S., Parzefall, U., Puldon, D., Robinson, D., Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., Sattari, S., Schamberger, D., Seidel, S., Seiden, A., Soldevila, U., Terada, S., Toms, K., Tsionou, D., Unno, Y., Von Wilpert, J., Wormald, M., Wright, J., and Yamada, M.

Published
2011
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15. Progress with the single-sided module prototypes for the ATLAS tracker upgrade stave

Author

Allport, P.P., Affolder, A.A., Anghinolfi, F., Bates, R., Betancourt, C., Buttar, C., Carter, J.R., Casse, G., Chen, H., Chilingarov, A., Civera, J.V., Clark, A., Colijn, A.P., Dabrowski, W., Dawson, N., DeWilde, B., Dhawan, S., Dressnandt, N., Dwužnik, M., Eklund, L., Fadeyev, V., Farthouat, P., Ferrère, D., Fox, H., French, R., Gallop, B., García, C., Gerling, M., Gibson, M., Gilchriese, M., Gonzalez Sevilla, S., Goodrick, M., Greenall, A., Grillo, A.A., Haber, C.H., Hessey, N.P., Holt, R., Hommels, L.B.A., Jakobs, K., Jones, T.J., Kaplon, J., Kierstead, J., Koffeman, E., Köhler, M., Lacasta, C., la Marra, D., Li, Z., Lindgren, S., Lynn, D., Maddock, P., Mahboubi, K., Martinez-McKinney, F., Matheson, J., Maunu, R., McCarthy, R., Newcomer, M., Nickerson, R., O’Shea, V., Paganis, S., Parzefall, U., Pernecker, S., Phillips, P., Poltorak, K., Puldon, D., Robinson, D., Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., Santoyo, D., Sattari, S., Schamberger, D., Seiden, A., Sutcliffe, P., Swientek, K., Tsionou, D., Tyndel, M., Unno, Y., Viehhauser, G., Villani, E.G., Von Wilpert, J., Wastie, R., Weber, M., Weidberg, A., Wiik, L., Wilmut, I., Wormald, M., Wright, J., and Xu, D.

Published
2011
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16. Testing of bulk radiation damage of n-in-p silicon sensors for very high radiation environments

Author

Hara, K., Affolder, A.A., Allport, P.P., Bates, R., Betancourt, C., Bohm, J., Brown, H., Buttar, C., Carter, J.R., Casse, G., Chen, H., Chilingarov, A., Cindro, V., Clark, A., Dawson, N., DeWilde, B., Doherty, F., Dolezal, Z., Eklund, L., Fadeyev, V., Ferrere, D., Fox, H., French, R., García, C., Gerling, M., Gonzalez Sevilla, S., Gorelov, I., Greenall, A., Grillo, A.A., Hamasaki, N., Hatano, H., Hoeferkamp, M., Hommels, L.B.A., Ikegami, Y., Jakobs, K., Kierstead, J., Kodys, P., Köhler, M., Kohriki, T., Kramberger, G., Lacasta, C., Li, Z., Lindgren, S., Lynn, D., Maddock, P., Mandić, I., Martinez-McKinney, F., Martí i Garcia, S., Maunu, R., McCarthy, R., Metcalfe, J., Mikestikova, M., Mikuž, M., Miñano, M., Mitsui, S., O'Shea, V., Parzefall, U., Sadrozinski, H.F.-W., Schamberger, D., Seiden, A., Terada, S., Paganis, S., Robinson, D., Puldon, D., Sattari, S., Seidel, S., Takahashi, Y., Toms, K., Tsionou, D., Unno, Y., Von Wilpert, J., Wormald, M., Wright, J., and Yamada, M.

Published
2011
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23. Assessing neurological prognosis in post-cardiac arrest patients from short vs plain text EEG reports : A survey among intensive care clinicians

Author

Lilja, L., Joelsson, S., Nilsson, J., Thuccani, M., Lundgren, Peter, Lindgren, S., Rylander, C., Lilja, L., Joelsson, S., Nilsson, J., Thuccani, M., Lundgren, Peter, Lindgren, S., and Rylander, C.

Abstract

bElectroencephalography (EEG) patterns are predictive of neurological prognosis in comatose survivors from cardiac arrest but intensive care clinicians are dependent of neurophysiologist reports to identify specific patterns. We hypothesized that the proportion of correct assessment of neurological prognosis would be higher from short statements confirming specific EEG patterns compared with descriptive plain text reports. Methods: Volunteering intensive care clinicians at two university hospitals were asked to assess the neurological prognosis of a fictional patient with high neuron specific enolase. They were presented with 17 authentic plain text reports and three short statements, confirming whether a “highly malignant”, “malignant” or “benign” EEG pattern was present. Primary outcome was the proportion of clinicians who correctly identified poor neurological prognosis from reports consistent with highly malignant EEG patterns. Secondary outcomes were how the prognosis was assessed from reports consistent with malignant and benign patterns. Results: Out of 57 participants, poor prognosis was correctly identified by 61% from plain text reports and by 93% from the short statement “highly malignant” EEG patterns. Unaffected prognosis was correctly identified by 28% from plain text reports and by 40% from the short statement “malignant” patterns. Good prognosis was correctly identified by 64% from plain text reports and by 93% from the short statement “benign” pattern. Conclusion: Standardized short statement, “highly malignant EEG pattern present”, as compared to plain text EEG descriptions in neurophysiologist reports, is associated with more accurate identification of poor neurological prognosis in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. © 2020 The Authors

Published
2021
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35. Contributor contact details

Author

Ylänen, H.O., primary, Hupa, L., additional, Chang, J., additional, Zhou, Y.L., additional, Zhou, Y., additional, Penttinen, R.P.K., additional, Lindgren, S., additional, Pänkäläinen, T., additional, Lucchesi, J., additional, Ollila, F., additional, Chatzistavrou, X., additional, Boccaccini, A.R., additional, Newby, P., additional, Erol, M., additional, Verrier, S., additional, Gough, J.E., additional, Heikkilä, J., additional, Lindfors, N.C., additional, Peltola, M.J., additional, Aitasalo, K.M.J., additional, Niemelä, T., additional, Kellomäki, M., additional, Mohammadi, M. Shah, additional, Stähli, C., additional, and Nazhat, S.N., additional

Published
2011
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