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Introduction: Extremely premature (EP) infants (

Drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies are described for tezacaftor/ivacaftor, a new cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Three phase I DDI studies were conducted in healthy subjects to characterize the DDI profile of tezacaftor/ivacaftor with cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A substrates, CYP3A inhibitors, and a permeability glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate. The effects of steady‐state tezacaftor/ivacaftor on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of digoxin (a P‐gp substrate), midazolam, and ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone (CYP3A substrates) were evaluated. Effects of strong (itraconazole) and moderate (ciprofloxacin) CYP3A inhibitors on tezacaftor/ivacaftor PKs were also determined. Tezacaftor/ivacaftor increased digoxin area under the curve (AUC) by 30% but did not affect midazolam, ethinyl estradiol, or norethindrone exposures. Itraconazole increased the AUC of tezacaftor 4‐fold and ivacaftor 15.6‐fold. Ciprofloxacin had no significant effect on tezacaftor or ivacaftor exposure. Coadministration of tezacaftor/ivacaftor may increase exposure of sensitive P‐gp substrates. Tezacaftor/ivacaftor is unlikely to impact exposure of drugs metabolized by CYP3A, including hormonal contraceptives. Strong CYP3A inhibitors significantly increase the exposures of tezacaftor and ivacaftor.

To investigate rabies in Massachusetts, we analyzed bat rabies test results before and after introduction of raccoon variant rabies and after release of revised 1999 US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for rabies postexposure prophylaxis. Bat submissions were associated with level of rabies awareness and specific postexposure recommendations.

The extreme persistence and environmental mobility of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make their presence ubiquitous in the marine environment. Target analysis of 20 most common PFAS revealed the presence of nine perfluoroalkyl acids at low levels in surface sediments from five Norwegian marine areas covering the vast region from the eastern North Sea in the south to the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard in the north. After correcting for sediment characteristics, no substantial difference in the sum of the nine PFAS (Σ9PFAS) between the five areas was found. Among separate compounds, PFOS, PFOA and PFNA dominate sample composition. Only two compounds, PFOS and PFUnDA, showed a statistically significant difference for one of the areas, the levels of these compounds being somewhat higher in the southernmost area than in the other areas. This may be due to local inputs in the fjords in this area. Open-sea and coastal sediments of the North-east Atlantic outside of locations with significant local sources seem to share a common, anthropogenic “PFAS background”, which may be part of a larger, global pattern.

Indonesia adalah negara dengan penduduk terbesar keempat di dunia yang akibat pada tingginya produksi sampah baik sampah anorganik atapun organik. Adanya upaya yang dilakukan masyarakat dalam mengurangi sampah organik yaitu daur ulang sampah organik dengan metode biokonversi. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu sudah melakukan daur ulang sampah organik menjadi media untuk budidaya maggot atau dikenal Larva Black Soldier Fly yang bisa dijadikan bahan pakan unggas ataupun ikan. Larva Black Soldier Fly mampu menguraikan sampah organik, baik tumbuhan maupun hewan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan sistematis (Systematic Review). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian literature review terkait potensi budidaya Larva Black Soldier Fly untuk pakan unggas dan ikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menemukan, mengevaluasi, dan menginterpretasikan artikel yang memiliki penelitian serupa. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa budidaya maggot untuk pakan ikan dan unggas merupakan inovasi baru dalam pengurangan sampah organik masih belum maksimal. Berdasarkan kajian literature pengembangan budidaya maggot yang dilakukan secara partisipatif diantara masyarakat dengan suatu komunitas atau lingkup sosial harus dilakukan lebih luas lagi agar terjadi tindakan transformatif dengan memanfaatkan media-media yang terbaru.

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people a year. The products and services of unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) such as tobacco, alcohol, ultra-processed foods and beverages and gambling are responsible for much of this health burden. While effective public health policies are available to address this, UCIs have consistently sought to stop governments and global organisations adopting such policies through what is known as corporate political activity (CPA). We aimed to contribute to the study of CPA and development of effective countermeasures by formulating a model and evidence-informed taxonomies of UCI political activity.Methods We used five complementary methods: critical interpretive synthesis of the conceptual CPA literature; brief interviews; expert co-author knowledge; stakeholder workshops; testing against the literature.Results We found 11 original conceptualisations of CPA; four had been used by other researchers and reported in 24 additional review papers. Combining an interpretive synthesis of all these papers and feedback from users, we developed two taxonomies – one on framing strategies and one on action strategies. The former identified three frames (policy actors, problem, and solutions) and the latter six strategies (access and influence policy-making, use the law, manufacture support for industry, shape evidence to manufacture doubt, displace, and usurp public health, manage reputations to industry’s advantage). We also offer an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of UCI strategies and a model that situates industry CPA in the wider social, political, and economic context.Conclusion Our work confirms the similarity of CPA across UCIs and demonstrates its extensive and multi-faceted nature, the disproportionate power of corporations in policy spaces and the unacceptable conflicts of interest that characterise their engagement with policy-making. We suggest that industry CPA is recognised as a corruption of democracy, not an element of participatory democracy. Our taxonomies and model provide a starting point for developing effective solutions.

This research focuses on the noise level at Sultan Thaha Jambi Airport due to aircraft activity which took place from 06.05 to 22.40 WIB. This research started from observation, collecting noise level data and measuring data. The method used is the Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level (WECPNL) method to measure noise points at each measurement point. Measurement points were taken at 6 points for 24 hours/14 days. This research also uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the distribution of noise levels. The research results showed that the highest noise values ​​occurred in the air side area and occurred during holidays. WECPNL results from April 27 to May 10 showed that the average noise index reached 58 to 59 (dB), close to the noise quality standard of 55 (dB). In the Liverpool airport and residential area, the purple color has an index

Tanah gambut memiliki karakterisitik kandungan air dan kompresebilitasnya tinggi menyebabkan gambut rentan terjadi penurunan permukaan tanah ketika ada pembebanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketebalan lapisan tanah gambut di Desa Pandan Jaya Kecamatan Geragai Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger dengan sebanyak 4 lintasan pengukuran masing-masing 110 meter dengan jarak antar elektroda 10 meter. Dari hasil pengukuran resistivitas diperoleh bahwa lapisan gambut di Desa Pandan Jaya Kecamatan Geragai Kabupaten Tanjung Timur memiliki nilai resistivitas mulai dari 5,03 Ωm hingga 130 Ωm. Dapat disimpulkan lapisan gambut pada lokasi penelitian memiliki ketebalan antara 5 m hingga 7 m. Informasi ini sangat penting untuk pertimbangan kedalaman pondasi saat akan mendirikan bangunan di daerah tersebut.

Abstract Cassava mosaic disease is caused by a complex of whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses, which often occur in co-infections. These viruses have bipartite genomes consisting of DNA-A and DNA-B that are encapsidated into separate virions. Individual viruses exist in plants and whitefly vectors as populations comprising both genome segments, which can occur at different frequencies. Both segments are required for infection, and must be transmitted for virus spread to occur. Cassava plants infected with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and/or East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV), in which the ratios of DNA-A:DNA-B titers differed between plants, were used to examine how titers of the segments in a plant relate to their respective probabilities of acquisition by whiteflies and to the titers of each segment acquired and subsequently transmitted by whiteflies. The probabilities of acquiring each segment of ACMV did not reflect their relative titers in the source plant but they did for EACMCV. However, for both viruses, DNA-A:DNA-B ratios acquired by whiteflies differed from those in the source plant and the ratios transmitted by the whitefly did not differ from one – the ratio at which the highest probability of transmitting both segments is expected.

ABSTRAK Kabupaten Muaro Jambi merupakan kabupaten di Provinsi Jambi dengan luas karhutla terbesar dengan luas 4.054 hektar (34,55%). Hal ini dikarenakan sebagian besar jenis tanah di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi merupakan jenis tanah gambut. Pada penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara parameter cuaca dan distribusi titik panas di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Parameter cuaca yang akan dianalisis yaitu curah hujan pada tahun 2019 dan 2020 dimana tahun 2019 mewakili tahun terjadinya El Nino dan tahun 2020 merupakan tahun tanpa El Nino. Data yang digunakan adalah antara lain data curah hujan tahun 2019 dan tahun 2020, data ENSO (El Nino-Shouthern Oscillation) dan IOD (lndian Ocean Dipole), dan data titik panas. Pada tahun 2019, curah hujan terendah terjadi pada bulan september sebesar 39,3 mm/bulan dan pada tahun 2020, terendah pada bulan Juli sebesar 154,5 mm/bulan. Jumlah titik panas pada bulan September tahun 2019 sebanyak 3000 titik atau sekitar 77,88% dari total titik panas pada tahun 2019. Sedangkan pada tahun 2020, jumlah titik panas terbanyak hanya sebanyak 13 titik panas di bulan April. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa El Nino yang menyebabkan rendahnya curah hujan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertambahan jumlah titik panas sebagai potensi terjadinya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Kata kunci: kebakaran hutan dan lahan; el nino; curah hujan; titik panas. ABSTRACT Muaro Jambi Regency is a district in Jambi Province with the largest area of forest and land fires with an area of 4,054 hectares (34.55%). Most of the soil types in Muaro Jambi Regency are peat soil types. This study aims to look at the relationship between weather parameters and the distribution of hotspots in Muaro Jambi Regency. The weather parameters to be analyzed are rainfall in 2019 and 2020 where 2019 represents the year El Nino occurs and 2020 is the year without El Nino. The data used includes rainfall data for 2019 and 2020, ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) and IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) data, and hotspot data. In 2019, the lowest rainfall occurred in September of 39.3 mm/month and in 2020, the lowest was in July of 154.5 mm/month. The number of hotspots in September 2019 was 3,000 points or around 77.88% of the total hotspots in 2019. Meanwhile, in 2020, the highest number of hotspots was only 13 hotspots in April. This shows that the El Nino event which causes low rainfall greatly influences the increase in the number of hotspots as a potential for forest and land fires. Keywords: forest and land fires; el nino; rainfall; hotspots.

Abstract Background Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is widespread, costly, and burdensome to patients and health systems. Little is known about non-pharmacological treatments for the secondary prevention of cLBP. There is some evidence that treatments addressing psychosocial factors in higher risk patients are more effective than usual care. However, most clinical trials on acute and subacute LBP have evaluated interventions irrespective of prognosis. Methods We have designed a phase 3 randomized trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design. The study is also a Hybrid type 1 trial with focus on intervention effectiveness while simultaneously considering plausible implementation strategies. Adults (n = 1000) with acute/subacute LBP at moderate to high risk of chronicity based on the STarT Back screening tool will be randomized in to 1 of 4 interventions lasting up to 8 weeks: supported self-management (SSM), spinal manipulation therapy (SMT), both SSM and SMT, or medical care. The primary objective is to assess intervention effectiveness; the secondary objective is to assess barriers and facilitators impacting future implementation. Primary effectiveness outcome measures are: (1) average pain intensity over 12 months post-randomization (pain, numerical rating scale); (2) average low back disability over 12 months post-randomization (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire); (3) prevention of cLBP that is impactful at 10–12 months follow-up (LBP impact from the PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0). Secondary outcomes include: recovery, PROMIS-29 Profile v2.0 measures to assess pain interference, physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. Other patient-reported measures include LBP frequency, medication use, healthcare utilization, productivity loss, STarT Back screening tool status, patient satisfaction, prevention of chronicity, adverse events, and dissemination measures. Objective measures include the Quebec Task Force Classification, Timed Up & Go Test, the Sit to Stand Test, and the Sock Test assessed by clinicians blinded to the patients’ intervention assignment. Discussion By targeting those subjects at higher risk this trial aims to fill an important gap in the scientific literature regarding the effectiveness of promising non-pharmacological treatments compared to medical care for the management of patients with an acute episode of LBP and the prevention of progression to a severe chronic back problem. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03581123.

Artikel ini membahas hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai pemanfaatan copywriting untuk personal branding. Peserta pelatihan ini terdiri atas 67% remaja dan 33% kalangan dewasa awal. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan secara daring melalui Zoom meeting sehingga peserta berasal dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Copy writing dalam personal branding dapat dilakukan dengan menyampaikan (a) alasan bertahan dalam sebuah konten, (b) cerita menarik, (c) argumentasi, (d) ajakan untuk mengikuti nilai atau value yang dikampanyekan. Materi copy writing untuk personal branding dapat dipraktikkan oleh peserta dalam melakukan personal proof di media sosial Instagram. Pelatihan copy writing untuk personal branding dapat mempermudah peserta dalam mengarahkan kontennya dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan atau value yang ingin disebarkan kepada masyarakat.

Teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assessing, and evaluating students in every teaching and learning process in schools. In the learning process, various skills are needed for the continuity of the learning process, one of which is the skill of making lesson plans. The skill of a teacher in making lesson plans determines the learning outcomes that will be accepted by students. This study aims to analyze the effect of RADEC-based workshop activities in improving the skills of elementary school teachers to make good lesson plans. This study uses the One Group pretest posttest method with a sample of elementary school teachers in Purwakarta Regency. The instrument used is the result of adaptation of the assessment of the learning implementation plan in the PPG program. There are seven indicators used in the instrument used. The results showed that the RADEC model had an impact on teachers in developing learning planning skills. The average n-gain score obtained from this study was 58 which was categorized as quite effective.

Introduction: Retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) remains an important cause of acquired visual impairment. The visual prognosis following treatments for eyes with retained IOFB was observed to be distinct from other mechanisms of open globe injury due to the specific nature and associated circumstances. This study evaluated the risk behaviors, visual results, and predictive values of Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) in determining visual outcomes in patients with IOFB that were not related to terrorism. Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent surgical interventions between January 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of one hundred and sixty-one patients (162 eyes) were recruited. The patients had a mean (standard deviation) age of 47.6 (14.0) years with working male predominance (93.2%). The majority of patients were injured by activities related to grass trimming (63.4%) and metallic objects were the main materials causing injuries (75.7%). Following treatments, the proportion of eyes having vision worse than 20/400 decreased from 126 eyes (77.8%) to 55 eyes (33.9%) at final visit. Ocular trauma score (OTS) had a high potential prediction for final vision in eyes in OTS categories 4 and 5. However, the discordance of final visual acuity distribution was observed in some subgroups of eyes in OTS categories 1 to 3. Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of IOFB related eye injuries in a tertiary care setting. Decision making on treatments should be carefully considered, particularly in eyes in lower OTS categories, in light of a rise in the proportion of patients who experience improved vision after IOFB removal.

Cassava is a major crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is grown primarily by smallholder farmers. Cassava production is constrained by Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is caused by a complex of cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs). A previous study showed that SEGS-1 (sequences enhancing geminivirus symptoms), which occurs in the cassava genome and as episomes during viral infection, enhances CMD symptoms and breaks resistance in cassava. We report here that SEGS-1 also increases viral disease severity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are co-inoculated with African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and SEGS-1 sequences. Viral disease was also enhanced in Arabidopsis plants carrying a SEGS-1 transgene when inoculated with ACMV alone. Unlike cassava, no SEGS-1 episomal DNA was detected in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants during ACMV infection. Studies using Nicotiana tabacum suspension cells showed that co-transfection of SEGS-1 sequences with an ACMV replicon increases viral DNA accumulation in the absence of viral movement. Together, these results demonstrated that SEGS-1 can function in a heterologous host to increase disease severity. Moreover, SEGS-1 is active in a host genomic context, indicating that SEGS-1 episomes are not required for disease enhancement.

Since the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, the Special Region of Yogyakarta (henceforth DIY) had experienced a dramatic economic downturn particularly in the tourism industry. The worst effect was faced by those who earned their living, either direct or indirect income, from tourism activities. In response to this issue, this community service program was conducted to contribute to the recovery of tourism by fostering the potency of villages in DIY as tourism villages using Wiwitan ceremony as a tourist attraction. Wiwitan is a rice harvest ritual which is an expression of gratitude because the time to harvest crop finally comes. Gratitude is also everyone’s feeling when the height of global pandemic finally is already over and people are eager to welcome the new normal. Therefore, Wiwitan is worth to be highlighted as the main tourist attraction because of its universal philosophy. To achieve the goal, a training program was carried out and used four approaches, namely lecture, discussion, hands-on practice, and simulation. The results of this activity was to open the eyes that Wiwitan can become an interesting tourist attraction. Keywords: tourism villages, package tour, Wiwitan ceremony Abstrak. Sejak pandemi Covid-19 Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) mengalami penurunan perekonomian yang tajam karena terganggunya sektor pariwisata. Dampak paling signifikan dirasakan oleh para pelaku pariwisata dan masyarakat yang memperoleh pendapatan secara langsung dan tidak langsung dari aktivitas pariwisata. Dengan mempertimbangkan masalah tersebut, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu pemulihan kembali sektor pariwisata di propinsi DIY melalui pengembangan potensi kawasan pedesaan di DIY sebagai desa wisata budaya khususnya melalui upacara Wiwitan. Upacara yang dilakukan sebelum panen padi ini melambangkan rasa syukur karena panen tiba. Rasa syukur ini juga dirasakan umat manusia karena puncak pandemi terlewati dan mulai menyongsong fase normalisasi. Maka Wiwitan layak dijadikan atraksi wisata utama karena maknanya yang universal bagi umat manusia. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode pelatihan dengan pendekatan ceramah, diskusi, praktik langsung, dan simulasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah terbangunnya kesadaran peserta bahwa upacara Wiwitan dapat menjadi daya tarik wisata.

Abstract This study investigated the role of vector acquisition and transmission on the propagation of single and co-infections of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV,) and tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) (Family: Geminiviridae, Genus: Begomovirus) by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Gennadius) in tomato. The aim of this research was to determine if the manner in which viruses are co-acquired and co-transmitted changes the probability of acquisition, transmission and new host infections. Whiteflies acquired virus by feeding on singly infected plants, co-infected plants, or by sequential feeding on singly infected plants. Viral titers were also quantified by qPCR in vector cohorts, in artificial diet, and plants after exposure to viruliferous vectors. Differences in transmission, infection status of plants, and titers of TYLCV and ToMoV were observed among treatments. All vector cohorts acquired both viruses, but co-acquisition/co-inoculation generally reduced transmission of both viruses as single and mixed infections. Co-inoculation of viruses by the vector also altered virus accumulation in plants regardless of whether one or both viruses were propagated in new hosts. These findings highlight the complex nature of vector-virus-plant interactions that influence the spread and replication of viruses as single and co-infections.

Both oxytocin (OT) and touch are key mediators of social attachment. In rodents, tactile stimulation elicits the endogenous release of OT, potentially facilitating attachment and other forms of prosocial behavior, yet the relationship between endogenous OT and neural modulation remains unexplored in humans. Using a serial sampling of plasma hormone levels during functional neuroimaging across two successive social interactions, we show that contextual circumstances of social touch influence not only current hormonal and brain responses but also later responses. Namely, touch from a male to his female romantic partner enhanced her subsequent OT release for touch from an unfamiliar stranger, yet females’ OT responses to partner touch were dampened following stranger touch. Hypothalamus and dorsal raphe activation reflected plasma OT changes during the initial social interaction. In the subsequent interaction, precuneus and parietal-temporal cortex pathways tracked time- and context-dependent variables in an OT-dependent manner. This OT-dependent cortical modulation included a region of the medial prefrontal cortex that also covaried with plasma cortisol, suggesting an influence on stress responses. These findings demonstrate that modulation between hormones and the brain during human social interactions can flexibly adapt to features of social context over time.

Cassava is a root crop important for global food security and the third biggest source of calories on the African continent. Cassava production is threatened by Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is caused by a complex of single-stranded DNA viruses (family: Geminiviridae, genus: Begomovirus) that are transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Understanding the dynamics of different cassava mosaic begomovirus (CMB) species through time is important for contextualizing disease trends. Cassava plants with CMD symptoms were sampled in Lake Victoria and coastal regions of Kenya before transfer to a greenhouse setting and regular propagation. The field-collected and greenhouse samples were sequenced using Illumina short-read sequencing and analyzed on the Galaxy platform. In the field-collected samples, African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus (EACMKV), and East African cassava mosaic virus-Uganda variant (EACMV-Ug) were detected in samples from the Lake Victoria region, while EACMV and East African mosaic Zanzibar virus (EACMZV) were found in the coastal region. Many of the field-collected samples had mixed infections of EACMV and another begomovirus. After 3 years of regrowth in the greenhouse, only EACMV-like viruses were detected in all samples. The results suggest that in these samples, EACMV becomes the dominant virus through vegetative propagation in a greenhouse. This differed from whitefly transmission results. Cassava plants were inoculated with ACMV and another EACMV-like virus, East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV). Only ACMV was transmitted by whiteflies from these plants to recipient plants, as indicated by sequencing reads and copy number data. These results suggest that whitefly transmission and vegetative transmission lead to different outcomes for ACMV and EACMV-like viruses.

Abstract Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is an emerging viral disease that can greatly reduce cassava productivity, while causing only mild aerial symptoms that develop late in infection. Early detection of CBSD enables better crop management and intervention. Current techniques require laboratory equipment and are labour intensive and often inaccurate. We have developed a handheld active multispectral imaging (A-MSI) device combined with machine learning for early detection of CBSD in real-time. The principal benefits of A-MSI over passive MSI and conventional camera systems are improved spectral signal-to-noise ratio and temporal repeatability. Information fusion techniques further combine spectral and spatial information to reliably identify features that distinguish healthy cassava from plants with CBSD as early as 28 days post inoculation on a susceptible and a tolerant cultivar. Application of the device has the potential to increase farmers’ access to healthy planting materials and reduce losses due to CBSD in Africa. It can also be adapted for sensing other biotic and abiotic stresses in real-world situations where plants are exposed to multiple pest, pathogen and environmental stresses.

PurposeTo compare Thais' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and severity grading, efficacy and safety in daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) patients at baseline and after Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment.DesignProspective-observational study.ParticipantsBEB patients with Jankovic rating scale (JRS) at least 3 in both severity and frequency graded from 14 institutes nationwide were included from August 2020 to June 2021.MethodsDemographic data, HRQOL evaluated by the Thai version of EQ-5D-5L and NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaires, and severity grading score evaluated by Jankovic rating scale (JRS) at baseline, 1, and 3 months after the treatment were collected. The impact of the BTX-A injections and their complications were recorded.Results184 daily-life-affected BEB patients were enrolled; 159 patients (86.4%) had complete data with a mean age of 61.40±10.09 years. About 88.05% were female, and 10.1% were newly diagnosed. Most of the patients had bilateral involvement (96.9%) and 12.6% had history of BEB-related accident. After BTX-A treatment, HRQOL improved significantly in 4 dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, except self-care. The EQ_VAS (mean±SD) was 64.54±19.27, 75.13±15.37, 73.8±15.85 (pConclusionDaily-life-affected BEB impacted HRQOL in most dimensions from both generic and visual-specific questionnaires. BTX-A treatment not only decreased disease severity, but also improved quality of life.

With the current possible presence of thousands of PFAS compounds in industrial emissions, there is an increasing need to assess the impacts of PFAS regulation of conventional PFAS on one hand and the exposure to emerging and yet unknown PFAS on the other. Today’s analytical methodologies using targeted approaches are not sufficient to determine the complete suite of PFAS present. To evaluate the presence of unknown PFAS, we investigated in this study the occurrence of an extended range of target PFAS in various species from the marine and terrestrial Norwegian environment, in relation to the extractable organofluorine (EOF), which yields the total amount of organofluorine. The results showed a varying presence of extractable fluorinated organics, with glaucous gull eggs, otter liver and polar bear plasma showing the highest EOF and a high abundance of PFAS as well. The targeted PFAS measurements explained 1% of the organofluorine for moose liver as the lowest and 94% for otter liver as the highest. PFCAs like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, reported semi-quantitatively), played a major role in explaining the organic fluorine present. Emerging PFAS as the perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), was found in polar bear plasma in quantifiable amounts for the first time, confirming earlier detection in arctic species far removed from emission sources. To enable a complete organic fluorine mass balance in wildlife, new approaches are needed, to uncover the presence of new emerging PFAS as cyclic- or ether PFAS together with chlorinated PFAS as well as fluorinated organic pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

BackgroundDistrict general hospital emergency departments may refer patients to a tertiary center depending on the information available to a generalist clinician in discussion with a specialist team. If there is uncertainty, the lowest-risk strategy is often to transfer the patient. Video consultation allowing the specialist team to see and talk to the patient and local clinician while still in the emergency department could improve decision-making for patient transfer. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the potential benefit of real-time video consultation between remote specialists and emergency department patients and clinicians across all specialties. MethodsDetailed patient data were collected prospectively for 6 months (between January 16, 2012, and July 15, 2012) on all patients presenting to a district general hospital emergency department who required input from a specialist team at the nearest tertiary care center. These patients were discussed retrospectively with the specialist teams to determine whether videoconferencing could have benefited their management. The logistics for the use of videoconferencing were explored. ResultsA total of 18,799 patients were seen in the emergency department during the study period. Among the 18,799 patients, 413 referrals (2.2%) were made to the tertiary center specialist teams. A review of the patients transferred indicated that 193 (46.7%) of the 413 patients who were referred might have benefited from video consultation (193/18,799, 1% of all patients). If the specialist team could be accessed via videoconferencing only while a senior member was available in the hospital (8:00 AM-10:00 PM), then a maximum of 5 patients per week across all specialties would use the equipment. If 24-hour specialist access was available, this would increase to 7 patients per week. ConclusionsIn regions where there is direct transportation of patients by ambulance to specialist centers and there is a regional picture archiving and communication system in place, video consultation between emergency department patients and specialists has limited potential to improve patient management.

REDUCING THE USE OF PLASTIC PACKAGING PRODUCTS SNACK FOOD FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS 06 ULAK KARANG UTARA PADANG. School-age children are the generation of the nation's administrators, when they are of developmental age that require nutritional intake to improve good nutritional status. School children generally spend one third of their time at school, thus causing children the opportunity to buy food in the school area. Based on previous research, it was found that almost all respondents (98.7%), students had the habit of buying snacks at school, with the highest frequency of snacks being 2 times a day. Often food products are sold in plastic packaging, where the plastic packaging for food products that does not comply with the Indonesian National Standard has harmful contents for the body. Children buy snack food products based solely on their preferences without thinking that the snack food products are served in packaging made of plastic-based products that can cause illness for themselves. Community service is carried out through socializing the use of plastic packaging products on snacks for elementary school students. Data collection was carried out through observation, document study and interviews, at Elementary School 06 Ulak Karang Utara Padang from March to July 2019. Respondents consisted of 3rd grade students and street food vendors selling at Ulak Karang Utara 06 Elementary School, Padang. The form of activity is the socialization of the types of plastics and the negative impact of using plastic products for body health by using posters and brochures and implementing plastic waste management with the concept of 3R, Reuse, Reduce, Recycle.

Abstract Background Two important aspects for the development of anxiety disorders are genetic predisposition and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In order to identify genetic risk-factors for anxiety, the aim of this exploratory study was to investigate possible relationships between genetic polymorphisms in genes important for the regulation and activity of the HPA axis and self-assessed anxiety in healthy individuals. Methods DNA from 72 healthy participants, 37 women and 35 men, were included in the analyses. Their DNA was extracted and analysed for the following Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)s: rs41423247 in the NR3C1 gene, rs1360780 in the FKBP5 gene, rs53576 in the OXTR gene, 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4 gene and rs6295 in the HTR1A gene. Self-assessed anxiety was measured by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Results Self-assessed measure of both STAI-S and STAI-T were significantly higher in female than in male participants (p = 0.030 and p = 0.036, respectively). For SNP rs41423247 in the NR3C1 gene, there was a significant difference in females in the score for STAI-S, where carriers of the G allele had higher scores compared to the females that were homozygous for the C allele (p

Small Island Developing States (SIDS), a subgroup of Majority world countries, face complex challenges providing equitable access to speech-language therapy (SLT) services. Increasing use of information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance SLT services is seen in the Minority world. This study explored the potential of using ICT to provide sustainable SLT services in one SIDS, the Maldives. A mixed method approach was used integrating data from (a) 21 online documents, (b) interview with an ICT official, and (c) surveys of 13 island councillors and 73 parents of children with communication difficulties. Almost 100% of the population had access to mobile phones and mobile broadband internet. Most parents were active and frequent ICT users. The government provided financial aid for people with disabilities which could be utilised to access ICT for services. Asynchronous service delivery using accessible ICT and parents as agents of service delivery can potentially enhance SLT services.