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Among blessings of Almighty Alllah, to have children, but at the same time they are trail for human being as well. The importance and value of the children can be known as the prophets have also sought for them through supplications. To bestow someone with a son other with a daughter, some are blessed only with daughter, other with son, while some others are rendered childless, that is to have no children just because of the greatest Divine scheme, kindness and His power. Under this paramount power some people are not blessed with of children. If some-one is not bestowed with children, they become shy, do complaint their ill-luck, and seek the help of doctors and sages to have children. When such people become extremely disappointed they become helpless and therefore they seek other means to have kids with them. Unfortunately, some parents are likely to either gift their babies to those who have no children, but some other they sell and buy their kids as well. They do so to make those children as their heirs under their protection. Other tries to get the children of the affected families for nourishment and maintenance. On some occasion, they visit the Edhi centers and welfare organization to deserve the heirless children to provide them proper maintenance. Such a child is called adopted or “Mutabanni" and the person who adopts it is called "Tabanni". This study investigated the socio-legal status of adopted child. It is found that despite the fact, Quran and Hadith have provided an enlightened road map for the rights and duties of adopted children and those who care for their food, shelter and education etc. But unfortunately no one bothers themselves to follow the instructions being laid down for the social and legal security of the adopted children, which creates disharmony, injustice and lake of socio-legal due rights to both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the etymology and origin of the meaning of the term "race", which was first used with a reference to a herd of horses with excellent (riding) characteristics and went on define human groups. Researchers examining the etymology of the word race have come up with three established hypotheses as to its origin: the "Arabic", "Greek-Latin" and "French" hypotheses. Here, the focus is on the French hypothesis, since if the French hypothesis is applied, then the word "race" comes from the French haras, meaning "herd" (of horses) with "aristocratic", "noble blood origin". The original meaning of the term race referred to the quality of "blood" ("origin") of a unique "herd" of horses or dogs. The term gradually began to be used for a "quality family" (caste) from a socially "noble" group of people (knights, bishops or king), who spoke of themselves in terms of aristocratic, noble, family origin, thus in the sense of a noble "bloodline". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, kiwifruit cultivation arouses great economic interest in the agricultural sector in several countries of the European Union due to high consumer demand and good results achieved in terms of production potential and fruit quality. One of the main bacterial species that cause yield losses in kiwifruit plants is Pseudomonas syringae. Diseases such as bacterial canker, caused by pathovar (pv.) actinidiae; floral bud necrosis caused by pv. syringae and leaf spots caused by pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) are clear examples. Between 2014 and 2017, in the main kiwifruit producing areas in the north and east of Spain, several surveys were carried out in search of these pathogens. Analyses realized from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of Actinidiadeliciosa revealed the existence of new bacterial isolates close to Pfm. These new isolates werelow virulence pathogens similar to Pfm but belonging to a new group of P. syringae that affected the leaves of A. chinensis var. deliciosa. This study focused on the characterization and classification of these new isolates by a polyphasic approach in order to provide more information for understanding how the different populations of P.syringae affecting kiwifruit. They had the phenotypic characteristics of Pfm but by molecular approaches, they constituted a supported genetic lineage closely-related to Pfm independent of the five lineages described so far. This work revealed the great diversity found in P. syringae species affecting kiwifruit plants and supports the hypothesis that Pfm is a low virulence pathogen which is long established in Europe.

Medical science has made great progress today and scientists have made many new discoveries about the building blocks of human cells. Today undoubtedly, one of the most important inventions of medical/biological science is to discover DNA fingerprint which forms genetic codes of human being and allowing transfer of genetic traits from generation to generation. DNA fingerprint is genetic codes that transmit from parents to children through inheritance, signify each individual's particular biological identity and enable to present within the framework of specific scientific guidelines. Nowadays, DNA fingerprint is reference vehicle of scientific proof for linage certainty and banishment, evidencing crimes and identification. There are five proving instruments that consist of firâs/marriage, ikrâr/profess şahitlik/testify, kıyâfe/trace physiological science and kur'a/lot in Classical Islamic Law doctrine related to proof of linage. In this article, proving linage by DNA fingerprint test that means of modern evidencing is focused on the place of Islamic law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, kiwifruit cultivation arouses great economic interest in the agricultural sector in several countries of the European Union due to high consumer demand and good results achieved in terms of production potential and fruit quality. One of the main bacterial species that cause yield losses in kiwifruit plants is Pseudomonas syringae. Diseases such as bacterial canker, caused by pathovar (pv.) actinidiae; floral bud necrosis caused by pv. syringae and leaf spots caused by pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) are clear examples. Between 2014 and 2017, in the main kiwifruit producing areas in the north and east of Spain, several surveys were carried out in search of these pathogens. Analyses realized from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of Actinidiadeliciosa revealed the existence of new bacterial isolates close to Pfm. These new isolates werelow virulence pathogens similar to Pfm but belonging to a new group of P. syringae that affected the leaves of A. chinensis var. deliciosa. This study focused on the characterization and classification of these new isolates by a polyphasic approach in order to provide more information for understanding how the different populations of P.syringae affecting kiwifruit. They had the phenotypic characteristics of Pfm but by molecular approaches, they constituted a supported genetic lineage closely-related to Pfm independent of the five lineages described so far. This work revealed the great diversity found in P. syringae species affecting kiwifruit plants and supports the hypothesis that Pfm is a low virulence pathogen which is long established in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene therapy mediated by bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSC) has been widely used in treating genetic deficiencies in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. Using mitotically inactive cell-targeting lentivirus with separate promoters for our gene of interest (the murine MHC class II (MHCII) chaperone, invariant chain (Ii)) and a GFP reporter, we monitored the expression and function of introduced Ii in various types of professional antigen presenting cells (B cells, macrophages and DC) from different organs (spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), BM and blood). Ii and GFP were detected. Ii levels correlated with GFP levels only in macrophages and monocytes from spleen, monocytes from PLN and macrophage precursors from blood. By cell type, Ii levels in PLN cells were more similar to those in spleen cells than to those in blood or BM cells. Functionally, Ii expressed in PLN or spleen had more effect on MHCII abundance than Ii expressed in BM or blood. The results have implications for analysis of the outcomes of gene therapy when both therapeutic and reporter genes are introduced. The findings also have implications for understanding the development of immune molecule function., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)